Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Debolina Bandyopadhyay, Padmaja Prasad Mishra
Summary: This study investigates the helicase activity mechanism of RecG and reveals its enhanced processivity for stalled forks. RecG catalyzes the formation of Holliday junction and adopts an asymmetric mode of locomotion to unwind the lagging daughter strand.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel J. Goodall, Katie H. Jameson, Michelle Hawkins, Christian J. Rudolph
Summary: The termination phase of DNA replication is complex, and in Escherichia coli, it involves the formation of a replication fork trap system facilitated by Tus protein binding to ter sites. While this system is present in some bacterial species, it is not a universal feature of bacterial chromosomes. The highly conserved ter sites in E. coli genomes, with slightly more variability in Shigella genomes, suggest the physiological significance of the replication fork trap system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhiqiang Sun, Yaqing Wang, Mohtadin Hashemi, Yuri L. Lyubchenko
Summary: The movement of RecG DNA helicase in DNA replication is limited by mispairs in the parental arm of the replication fork, providing an additional control mechanism for the DNA replication machinery.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica J. R. Hudson, Ulrich Rass
Summary: DNA2, a conserved nuclease-helicase, is crucial for cell proliferation and is implicated in DNA repair, checkpoint activation, and telomere homeostasis. Its critical role in replication stress response and recovery of stalled RFs makes it a promising target for anti-cancer therapy aimed at eliminating cancer cells by replication-stress overload.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andre Zylstra, Hanane Hadj-Moussa, Dorottya Horkai, Alex J. Whale, Baptiste Piguet, Jonathan Houseley
Summary: The accumulation of extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA circles (ERCs) has long been considered as the main cause of replicative ageing in yeast mother cells. However, this study found that ERCs have little molecular effects and do not induce gene expression differences that suggest stress responses or metabolic feedback. The driver of senescence during yeast ageing was found to be copy number amplification of a region of chromosome XII, rather than ERCs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kurt Jacobs, Cyril Doerdelmann, Jana Krietsch, Daniel Gonzalez-Acosta, Nicolas Mathis, Saul Kushinsky, Estrella Guarino, Carmen Gomez-Escolar, Dolores Martinez, Jonas A. Schmid, Peter J. Leary, Raimundo Freire, Almudena R. Ramiro, Christine M. Eischen, Juan Mendez, Massimo Lopes
Summary: The mechanisms linking stem cell division to tumorigenesis are still not well understood. This study reveals that DNA damage associated with hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell proliferation induced by simulated viral infection is restricted to hematopoietic stem cells and these cells can rewire their DNA damage response. Further experiments demonstrate that fine-tuning the plasticity of replication forks is essential for supporting stem cell functionality during proliferation stimuli.
Review
Microbiology
Daniel J. Goodall, Dominika Warecka, Michelle Hawkins, Christian J. Rudolph
Summary: There are two fundamental chromosome replication modes in cellular organisms, including single linear replication in bacteria and multiple linear replication in eukaryotes. Bacteria have a replication fork trap system, which enables more efficient replication termination, while eukaryotes cope with a higher number of replication termination events.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christelle de Renty, Kelvin W. Pond, Mary K. Yagle, Nathan A. Ellis
Summary: BLM sumoylation plays a role in both normal and replication-stressed conditions. The study showed that cells with SUMO-mutant BLM exhibited defects in DNA replication, such as reduced fork restart and increased fork collapse. The SUMO-mutant BLM protein was found to be less dynamic and had a higher immobile fraction at collapsed replication forks. These findings provide important insights into the relationship between BLM sumoylation and replication stress.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mengmeng Wang, Yixuan Zhan, Cheng Chen, Menggaoshan Chen, Jinling Zhu, Xue Jiang, Yicheng Yang, Xueyan Lv, Peng Yin, Wei Zhang, Liuyan Yang
Summary: Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) plays a key role in promoting cyanobacterial bloom by triggering the accumulation of phosphorus and promoting the growth of cyanobacterial cells. This study reveals the mechanism and implications of UV-induced cyanobacterial bloom in freshwater habitats.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Paul Romatschke
Summary: In this study, multi-component scalar field theories in four dimensions in the continuum were investigated, and it was found that they exhibit non-trivial interactions in the limit of many components. This has important implications for the foundations of quantum field theory as well as the experimentally accessible Higgs sector of the Standard Model.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Su-Jung Kim, Chrystelle Maric, Lina-Marie Briu, Fabien Fauchereau, Giuseppe Baldacci, Michelle Debatisse, Stephane Koundrioukoff, Jean-Charles Cadoret
Summary: Over the past ten years, CDK4/6 inhibitors have been recognized for their potential as anticancer drugs. These inhibitors have demonstrated effectiveness in blocking the pRb-E2F pathway and inducing cell cycle arrest in pRb-proficient cells. However, recent evidence suggests unexpected effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors, particularly regarding DNA replication in pRb-deficient cell lines. This study highlights how palbociclib specifically impairs origin firing and affects the dynamics of DNA replication, providing potential therapeutic implications for targeting genomic instability in pRb-deficient cancers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biology
Avraham Greenberg, Itamar Simon
Summary: In order for a cell to divide, it must first copy its DNA. The time required for this process can vary, and the variability is important. This study discusses the methods used to study this process, presents examples of variability, and attempts to explain the factors that determine the time required in simple terms.
Article
Microbiology
Casey J. Toft, Alanna E. Sorenson, Patrick M. Schaeffer
Summary: A recent study has characterized various replication fork traps in Enterobacterales, revealing two different types of architecture. The degenerate type II fork traps are commonly found in Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli, while the newly characterized type I fork traps are found almost exclusively outside Enterobacteriaceae within Enterobacterales. This study also highlights the differences in binding modalities between Dickeya paradisiaca and E. coli Tus proteins for Ter sites.
MICROBIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yutaro Hori, Akira Shimamoto, Takehiko Kobayashi
Summary: Recent studies have revealed that human cells have a relatively regular rDNA structure, with variations in the noncoding regions of each rDNA copy. Nanopore sequencing further showed that all noncoding regions are heavily methylated, while about half of the coding regions are clearly unmethylated.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Julius Muellner, Kristina H. Schmidt
Summary: To ensure genome stability, replication progress needs to be monitored and accurately completed. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the DNA helicase Rrm3, belonging to the PIF1 family, facilitates replication fork progression through an unknown mechanism. Disrupting Rrm3 helicase activity leads to increased replication fork pausing in the yeast genome.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sarah L. Midgley-Smith, Juachi U. Dimude, Christian J. Rudolph
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michelle Hawkins, Juachi U. Dimude, Jamieson A. L. Howard, Abigail J. Smith, Mark S. Dillingham, Nigel J. Savery, Christian J. Rudolph, Peter McGlynn
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2019)
Review
Microbiology
Aisha H. Syeda, Juachi U. Dimude, Ole Skovgaard, Christian J. Rudolph
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel J. Goodall, Katie H. Jameson, Michelle Hawkins, Christian J. Rudolph
Summary: The termination phase of DNA replication is complex, and in Escherichia coli, it involves the formation of a replication fork trap system facilitated by Tus protein binding to ter sites. While this system is present in some bacterial species, it is not a universal feature of bacterial chromosomes. The highly conserved ter sites in E. coli genomes, with slightly more variability in Shigella genomes, suggest the physiological significance of the replication fork trap system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katie H. Jameson, Christian J. Rudolph, Michelle Hawkins
Summary: The accurate duplication of genomic information is essential for genome stability. In Escherichia coli, replication termination is confined to the replication fork trap region by Tus protein binding to ter sites. When replication forks fuse at Tus-ter complexes, there is under-replication of DNA template, suggesting the need for further enzymatic processing during fork fusion.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
G. J. Etherington, W. Nash, A. Ciezarek, T. K. Mehta, A. Barria, C. Penaloza, M. G. Q. Khan, A. Durrant, N. Forrester, F. Fraser, N. Irish, G. G. Kaithakottil, J. Lipscombe, T. Trong, C. Watkins, D. Swarbreck, E. Angiolini, A. Cnaani, K. Gharbi, R. D. Houston, J. A. H. Benzie, W. Haerty
Summary: In this study, a chromosome level genome assembly of the GIFT strain was generated using a combination of short and long read sequencing. The extent of introgression from two closely related species to the GIFT strain during the breeding process was characterized.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ruben de Dios, Chris R. Proctor, Evgenia Maslova, Sindija Dzalbe, Christian J. Rudolph, Ronan R. McCarthy
Summary: Research has found that three artificial sweeteners have antimicrobial effects on priority pathogens, and one of them can disable virulence behaviors of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. The mechanism involves cell lysis mediated by bulge and can be rescued by cation supplementation. Moreover, this sweetener can resensitize A. baumannii to last resort antibiotics and maintain antimicrobial activity in the wound microenvironment.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tom Killelea, Juachi U. Dimude, Liu He, Alison L. Stewart, Fiona E. Kemm, Marin Radovcic, Ivana Ivancic-Bace, Christian J. Rudolph, Edward L. Bolt
Summary: Prokaryotic Cas1-Cas2 protein complexes generate adaptive immunity by capturing and integrating MGE DNA into CRISPR sites. The chaperone DnaK inhibits DNA binding and integration by Cas1-Cas2, as well as naive adaptation resulting from chromosomal self-targeting. Removal of DnaK, mutation of its substrate binding domain, or expression of an MGE protein reverse the inhibition of naive adaptation. Additionally, Cas1 foci in living cells depend on active DNA replication and are increased in frequency in cells lacking DnaK.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Daniel J. Goodall, Dominika Warecka, Michelle Hawkins, Christian J. Rudolph
Summary: There are two fundamental chromosome replication modes in cellular organisms, including single linear replication in bacteria and multiple linear replication in eukaryotes. Bacteria have a replication fork trap system, which enables more efficient replication termination, while eukaryotes cope with a higher number of replication termination events.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)