Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ha Young Lee, Sejeong Kim
Summary: Nanowires have attracted considerable attention in the fields of photonics and optoelectronics due to their unique features. The combination of nanowires and 2D materials has been extensively studied to enhance the properties of light emitting materials. This review article summarizes recent studies on the application of different types of nanowires in photonics and optoelectronics, as well as the hybridization of nanowires and 2D materials. The review also discusses the future prospects of nanowires and 2D materials for photonics and optoelectronics.
Review
Optics
Jorge Parra, Irene Olivares, Antoine Brimont, Pablo Sanchis
Summary: The article discusses the current developments in achieving nonvolatile switching in silicon photonic waveguide devices, either through device engineering or hybrid integration with unique optical materials. Several approaches with high potential for evolving towards nonvolatile behavior with enhanced performance are being explored, although many development steps are still necessary to ensure reliable devices.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jiaqi Jiang, Mingkun Chen, Jonathan A. Fan
Summary: This review discusses the importance of neural networks in photonic-system modelling and highlights the functionalities that deep neural networks can achieve, as well as the suitability of photonic systems for machine learning. Additionally, the application of fundamental data-science concepts within the context of photonics is explored.
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Ye Luo, Chunlei Sun, Hui Ma, Maoliang Wei, Junying Li, Jialing Jian, Chuyu Zhong, Zequn Chen, Renjie Tang, Kathleen A. Richardson, Hongtao Lin, Lan Li
Summary: Flexible integrated photonics is a rapidly emerging technology with wide-ranging applications. This study demonstrates the design and fabrication of essential flexible passive devices for integrated photonic circuits, achieving superior performance.
Review
Physics, Applied
Zijie Wang, Chunhua Wang, Huakang Yu
Summary: The nonlinear optical waveguide is an essential component of modern photonic integrated circuits. Recent advances in thin-film lithium niobate materials and associated fabrication techniques have made high-quality lithium niobate waveguides available. Over the past few years, there has been intensive research on lithium niobate waveguide-based nonlinear photonic devices due to their ultra-low loss and large index-contrast features. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in lithium niobate waveguide-based nonlinear photonic devices, including both passive and active components. We believe that these devices will have a profound impact on modern photonic society.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Raymond A. A. Wong, Yasuyuki Yokota, Yousoo Kim
Summary: Electrochemistry plays a crucial role in addressing societal issues, and understanding the nature of electrode-electrolyte interfaces is a challenge due to the thick liquid electrolyte layer. However, combined ultrahigh vacuum-electrochemistry (UHV-EC) approaches provide a way to bridge electrochemistry with UHV-based techniques by removing the electrolyte layer for analysis.
ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xingshi Yu, Xia Chen, Milan M. Milosevic, Weihong Shen, Rob Topley, Bigeng Chen, Xingzhao Yan, Wei Cao, David J. Thomson, Shinichi Saito, Anna C. Peacock, Otto L. Muskens, Graham T. Reed
Summary: GER amplifier and annealing process can change the optical properties of silicon, enabling flexible testing and post-fabrication trimming of silicon photonics devices, reducing production costs and increasing yield.
Article
Optics
O. Kang-Hyok, Kwang-Hyon Kim
Summary: Topological corner states in photonic crystal structures can achieve ultrahigh-Q Fano resonances, which have strong potential for index sensing and all-optical switching applications. The system exhibits high sensitivity and quality factors, making it resistant to structural disorder and defects.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Abhishek Kumar, Manoj Gupta, Prakash Pitchappa, Thomas Caiwei Tan, Udvas Chattopadhyay, Guillaume Ducournau, Nan Wang, Yidong Chong, Ranjan Singh
Summary: The rapid scaling of semiconductor devices necessitates improved interconnect capacity to support the growing demands of high-speed consumer electronics. Low-loss terahertz silicon interconnects offer a solution to the existing bandwidth density and energy-efficiency bottleneck. This study presents a low-loss terahertz topological interconnect-cavity system with an ultrahigh-quality (Q) factor, enabling energy-efficient optical control and active modulation. The silicon topological cavity is compatible with CMOS technology and holds potential for use in sixth-generation terahertz communication devices.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Enxiao Luan, Shangxuan Yu, Mahsa Salmani, Mohammadreza Sanadgol Nezami, Bhavin J. Shastri, Lukas Chrostowski, Armaghan Eshaghi
Summary: We propose a photonic processing unit for high-density analog computation using intensity modulation-based microring modulators (IM-MRMs). The proposed design offers a maximum of 17-fold increase in wavelength channel density compared to its wavelength-modulated counterpart. Experimental results show a mean squared error (MSE) of 3.09x10(-3) for dot product calculations, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed IM-MRM for large-scale optical information processing systems with multiple wavelengths.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hao Tang, Leonardo Banchi, Tian-Yu Wang, Xiao-Wen Shang, Xi Tan, Wen-Hao Zhou, Zhen Feng, Anurag Pal, Hang Li, Cheng-Qiu Hu, M. S. Kim, Xian-Min Jin
Summary: This study successfully implements a two-dimensional stochastic quantum walk on an integrated photonic chip and demonstrates that the average of all distribution profiles converges to an even distribution, indicating 1-pad Haar-uniform randomness, as the evolution length increases. The study also shows that our two-dimensional array outperforms a one-dimensional array of the same number of waveguides in terms of convergence speed. This research demonstrates a scalable and robust method for generating Haar-uniform randomness and provides useful building blocks for future quantum information techniques.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Hao Yan, Yiwei Xie, Long Zhang, Daoxin Dai
Summary: This research proposes a wideband-tunable on-chip microwave photonic filter (MPF) that integrates a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DDMZM) and ultrahigh-Q Mach-Zehnder-interferometer (MZI)-coupled microring resonators (MRRs) in cascade. The MPF achieves tunable resonance wavelength and bandwidth by introducing U-bend-MZI-coupled MRRs. The introduction of two cascaded U-bend-MZI-coupled MRRs enables the MPF to have high extinction ratio (ER) flat-top bandstop (or bandpass) responses and a tunable 3 dB bandwidth.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Samane Kalhor, Stephen J. Kindness, Robert Wallis, Harvey E. Beere, Majid Ghanaatshoar, Riccardo Degl'Innocenti, Michael J. Kelly, Stephan Hofmann, Hannah J. Joyce, David A. Ritchie, Kaveh Delfanazari
Summary: This paper introduces metamaterial photonic integrated circuits with arrays of hybrid graphene-superconductor coupled split-ring resonators capable of modulating and slowing down terahertz light. The optical responses of the hybrid device can be modulated in various ways, such as electrically by changing the conductivity and carrier concentrations in graphene and by modifying the device temperature sensitivity. Maximum modulation depths and significant enhancements of THz transmission, group delay, and EIT responses are achieved, paving the way for active optoelectronic modulators, filters, phase shifters, and slow light devices in chip-scale future communication and computation systems.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ping Zhu, Yaming Zhang, Yan Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the potential applications of piezotronic and piezophototronic sensors in biological detection and human-computer interaction. The strain-induced polarization can manipulate the avalanche multiplication process and enhance the gain factor of the devices. Additionally, the response time of the devices can be reduced by strain-induced polarization.
Review
Physics, Applied
J. A. Smith, D. Jevtics, B. Guilhabert, M. D. Dawson, M. J. Strain
Summary: This review provides an overview of transfer printing for integrated photonics applications, including considerations of materials and fabrication processes, efficient optical coupling methods, and high-accuracy inter-layer alignment. State-of-the-art integration demonstrations are presented, covering optical sources and detectors, quantum emitters, sensors, and opto-mechanical devices. Future developments in the technology for dense multi-materials integration at wafer scales are discussed.
APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Melissa A. Guidry, Daniil M. Lukin, Ki Youl Yang, Rahul Trivedi, Jelena Vuckovic
Summary: This study utilizes second-order photon correlations to investigate the quantum processes of soliton microcombs in an integrated silicon carbide microresonator, showing that a stable temporal lattice of solitons can achieve all-to-all entanglement.
Article
Optics
Bohan Li, Warren Jin, Lue Wu, Lin Chang, Heming Wang, Boqiang Shen, Zhiquan Yuan, Avi Feshali, Mario Paniccia, Kerry J. Vahala, John E. Bowers
Summary: The hybrid integrated laser achieved a frequency noise floor of 0.006 Hz(2)/Hz at 4 MHz offset, with a Lorentzian linewidth below 40 mHz, and frequency noise of 200 Hz(2)/Hz at 100 Hz offset. This performance exceeds commercially available, high-performance fiber lasers and marks a milestone in integrated photonics development.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chao Xiang, Joel Guo, Warren Jin, Lue Wu, Jonathan Peters, Weiqiang Xie, Lin Chang, Boqiang Shen, Heming Wang, Qi-Fan Yang, David Kinghorn, Mario Paniccia, Kerry J. Vahala, Paul A. Morton, John E. Bowers
Summary: Achieving high output power and low noise integrated lasers using Si/SiN heterogeneous platform with Hertz-level linewidth has been demonstrated. This paves the way for fully integrating low-noise silicon nitride photonics in volume. The high-performance lasers on SiN with tens of milliwatts output power and sub-kHz fundamental linewidth address issues of mode transition loss, cavity design, and fabrication process, marking a milestone towards fully integrated low-noise silicon nitride photonics platform.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Optics
C. Shirpurkar, J. Zang, K. Y. Yang, D. Carlson, S. P. Yu, E. Lucas, S. Pericherla, J. Yang, M. Guidry, D. Lukin, G. H. Ahn, J. Lu, L. Trask, F. Aflatouni, J. Vuckovic, S. B. Papp, P. J. Delfyett
Summary: The experimental demonstration presents a 400 Gbit/s optical communication link utilizing wavelength-division multiplexing and mode-division multiplexing, with a novel 400 GHz frequency comb source and 4x4 mode-division multiplexer structures for increased data capacity.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Geun Ho Ahn, Ki Youl Yang, Rahul Trivedi, Alexander D. White, Logan Su, Jinhie Skarda, Jelena Vuckovic
Summary: The automation of device design in photonics has been revolutionary, but the design of resonant devices has remained challenging due to their complex optimization landscapes. In this study, we propose a framework that maps the design of photonic resonators to nonresonant design problems, enabling flexible dispersion engineering and high-quality operation. The effectiveness of this framework is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally.
Article
Optics
Zhiquan Yuan, Heming Wang, Peng Liu, Bohan Li, Boqiang Shen, Maodong Gao, Lin Chang, Warren Jin, Avi Feshali, Mario Paniccia, John Bowers, Kerry Vahala
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate a correlated self-heterodyne method capable of accurately measuring frequency noise, with a measurement limit as low as 0.01 Hz(2)/Hz. The method features high intensity noise rejection and low optical power requirements.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Avik Dutt, Luqi Yuan, Ki Youl Yang, Kai Wang, Siddharth Buddhiraju, Shanhui Fan
Summary: The authors propose a straightforward method to construct sharp boundaries in synthetic dimensions using a modulated ring resonator strongly coupled to an auxiliary ring. Various effects associated with such boundaries are explored, and the demonstration of sharp boundaries expands the capability of exploring topological physics, with applications in classical and quantum information processing in synthetic frequency dimensions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maodong Gao, Qi-Fan Yang, Qing-Xin Ji, Heming Wang, Lue Wu, Boqiang Shen, Junqiu Liu, Guanhao Huang, Lin Chang, Weiqiang Xie, Su-Peng Yu, Scott B. Papp, John E. Bowers, Tobias J. Kippenberg, Kerry J. Vahala
Summary: This study reports measurements of material-limited Q factors in several photonic material platforms and reveals the relationship between nonlinear characteristics and ultimate Q in different materials. This is significant for guiding microresonator design and material development, as well as determining performance limits in future photonic integrated systems.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Nemanja Jovanovic, Pradip Gatkine, Boqiang Shen, Maodong Gao, Nick Cvetojevic, Katarzyna Lawniczuk, Ronald Broeke, Charles Beichman, Stephanie Leifer, Jeffery Jewell, Gautam Vasisht, Dimitri Mawet
Summary: Spectral shaping is crucial for many scientific fields, including exoplanet detection in astronomy. Current laser frequency combs used for calibration of spectrographs suffer from intensity variations across the spectrum, leading to reduced calibration precision. To overcome this, a new all-photonic spectral shaper is introduced, which is smaller and cheaper than traditional optical setups. This device can be used in any scientific field that requires spectral shaping over a wide range with high dynamic range.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Alexander D. White, Logan Su, Daniel I. Shahar, Ki Youl Yang, Geun Ho Ahn, Jinhie L. Skarda, Siddharth Ramachandran, Jelena Vuckovic
Summary: Vortex beams are stable solutions of Maxwell's equations that have phase singularities and orbital angular momentum. They have unique properties and find applications in various fields. This study presents a general framework for generating integrated vortex beam emitters using photonic inverse design. Experimental demonstrations and the design of a vortex beam multiplexer are shown. The foundry-fabricated beam emitters with wide bandwidths and high efficiencies are also described.
Article
Optics
Alexander D. White, Geun Ho Ahn, Kasper Van Gasse, Ki Youl Yang, Lin Chang, John E. Bowers, Jelena Vuckovic
Summary: This article demonstrates an integrated approach for passively isolating a continuous-wave laser using the non-reciprocal Kerr nonlinearity in ring resonators. By using silicon nitride as the model platform, the authors achieve single ring isolation of 17-23 dB with 1.8-5.5 dB insertion loss, and cascaded ring isolation of 35 dB with 5 dB insertion loss. They also demonstrate hybrid integration and isolation with a semiconductor laser chip using these devices.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ki Youl Yang, Chinmay Shirpurkar, Alexander D. White, Jizhao Zang, Lin Chang, Farshid Ashtiani, Melissa A. Guidry, Daniil M. Lukin, Srinivas V. Pericherla, Joshua Yang, Hyounghan Kwon, Jesse Lu, Geun Ho Ahn, Kasper Van Gasse, Yan Jin, Su-Peng Yu, Travis C. Briles, Jordan R. Stone, David R. Carlson, Hao Song, Kaiheng Zou, Huibin Zhou, Kai Pang, Han Hao, Lawrence Trask, Mingxiao Li, Andy Netherton, Lior Rechtman, Jeffery S. Stone, Jinhee L. Skarda, Logan Su, Dries Vercruysse, Jean-Philippe W. MacLean, Shahriar Aghaeimeibodi, Ming-Jun Li, David A. B. Miller, Dan M. Marom, Alan E. Willner, John E. Bowers, Scott B. Papp, Peter J. Delfyett, Firooz Aflatouni, Jelena Vuckovic
Summary: The article presents a novel integrated multi-dimensional communication scheme that combines wavelength- and mode- multiplexing on a silicon photonic circuit, achieving a data transmission rate of up to 1.12Tb/s. The approach is scalable and complies with process design rules for standard silicon photonic foundries.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Melissa A. Guidry, Daniil M. Lukin, Ki Youl Yang, Jelena Vuckovic
Summary: In this work, we theoretically study the collective dynamics of the quantum fluctuations of soliton microcombs, which are self-organized pulses of light sustained in driven Kerr microresonators. We find that a dissipative Kerr soliton crystal is accompanied by pulses of squeezed multimode vacuum and derives its operational stability from the strong detuning of the below-threshold parametric process. We present a photonic architecture that enables independent control of the above-and below-threshold states and achieves a high degree of squeezing (>15 dB) in the output waveguide with realistic losses.
Article
Optics
Joshua Yang, Melissa A. Guidry, Daniil M. Lukin, Kiyoul Yang, Jelena Vuckovic
Summary: Inverse design has brought revolutionary changes to the field of photonics by automating the development of complex structures with unique functionalities. However, its application in nonlinear photonics has been limited. In this study, we demonstrate quantum and classical nonlinear light generation in silicon carbide nanophotonic inverse-designed Fabry-Perot cavities, showcasing the power of inverse design for nonlinear optics.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Chengying Bao, Boqiang Shen, Myoung-Gyun Suh, Heming Wang, Kemal Safak, Anan Dai, Andrey B. Matsko, Franz X. Kaertner, Kerry Vahala
Summary: This study demonstrates the phenomenon of soliton trapping between counterpropagating solitons in a silica microcavity due to counterpumping, where the group velocities undergo periodic modulation instead of being locked to a constant velocity. The solitons exhibit relative oscillatory motion upon emission from the microcavity, introducing a sideband fine structure into the optical spectrum. This observation provides insights on coherently pumped soliton dimers in microcavities.
