期刊
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
卷 477, 期 -, 页码 70-80出版社
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.06.002
关键词
Type 1 diabetes; Beta-cell autoimmunity; Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); Genome-wide association studies (GWAS); Human leukocyte antigen (HLA); Genome organization
资金
- University of Auckland
- Sir Colin Giltrap Liggins Institute PhD Scholarship in Childhood Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterised by loss of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells in genetically predisposed individuals, ultimately resulting in insulin deficiency and hyperglycaemia. T1D is most common among children and young adults, and the incidence is on the rise across the world. The aetiology of T1D is hypothesized to involve genetic and environmental factors that result in the T-cell mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells. There is a strong genetic risk to T1D; with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identifying over 60 susceptibility regions within the human genome which are marked by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Here, we review what is currently known about the genetics of T1D. We argue that advancing our understanding of the aetiology and pathogenesis of T1D will require the integration of genome biology (omics-data) with GWAS data, thereby making it possible to elucidate the putative gene regulatory networks modulated by disease-associated SNPs. This approach has a potential to revolutionize clinical management of T1D in an era of precision medicine.
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