Article
Cell Biology
Ke Lu, Tian-Shu Shi, Si-Yu Shen, Yong Shi, Hong-Liang Gao, Jing Wu, Xiang Lu, Xiang Gao, Huang-Xian Ju, Wei Wang, Yi Cao, Di Chen, Chao-Jun Li, Bin Xue, Qing Jiang
Summary: Hepatic osteodystrophy (HOD) is a metabolic bone disease associated with chronic liver disease. Upregulation of the phosphatase PP2Aca in the liver during HOD leads to downregulation of hepatokine lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Loss of LCAT function exacerbates bone loss in HOD mice. Cholesterol levels play a role in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activities. LCAT improves liver function and reduces liver fibrosis in the HOD mouse model by promoting cholesterol transport from bone to liver.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weiming Ouyang, David M. Frucht
Summary: This study reveals that the Erk1/2 inactivation-triggered and COP1-mediated c-Jun degradation is regulated by protein phosphatases, UBE2 enzymes, and an intrinsic motif of c-Jun. The C-terminus of c-Jun protein plays a critical role in facilitating its degradation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Min-Hee Kim, Chang-Woo Lee
Summary: Ssu72 is a dual-specificity protein phosphatase that participates in transcription biogenesis and affects pathophysiological functions in a tissue-specific manner. It has been shown that Ssu72 is required for T cell differentiation and function by controlling multiple immune receptor-mediated signals. The mechanism by which Ssu72 integrates the pathophysiology of multiple immune-mediated diseases is still poorly understood.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tsuyoshi Waku, Akira Kobayashi
Summary: NRF3 plays a crucial role in regulating transcriptional axes for protein and lipid homeostasis, contributing to anti-cancer responses with a potential role in obesity-induced cancer development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Ayaka Ohashi, Nanami Saito, Rena Kashimoto, Saya Furukawa, Sakiya Yamamoto, Akira Satoh
Summary: Axolotls have remarkable organ-level regeneration capability, and their liver regeneration mechanism is unique compared to other vertebrates.
DEVELOPMENTAL DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Gilberto Betancor, Jose M. Jimenez-Guardeno, Steven Lynham, Robin Antrobus, Hataf Khan, Andrew Sobala, Matthew D. J. Dicks, Michael H. Malim
Summary: Dual functions of MX2 in innate immunity against HIV-1 and nuclear import of cellular proteins are regulated by phosphorylation. Interferon-stimulated genes establish an antiviral state by activating expression of antiviral cytokines. MX2 inhibits the nuclear import of HIV-1 through interactions with viral capsid and cellular transport machinery, with phosphorylation of its N-terminal domain regulating its antiviral activity and interactions. Interferon treatment reduces phosphorylation levels, highlighting a homeostatic regulatory mechanism balancing MX2's effects on normal cell function with immunity against HIV-1.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ashot Sargsyan, Ludivine Doridot, Sarah A. Hannou, Wenxin Tong, Harini Srinivasan, Rachael Ivison, Ruby Monn, Henry H. Kou, Jonathan M. Haldeman, Michelle Arlotto, Phillip J. White, Paul A. Grimsrud, Inna Astapova, Linus T. Tsai, Mark A. Herman
Summary: A study found that carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) regulates the activity of hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFAC) in the liver, promoting glucose and lipid homeostasis and playing an important role in adapting to overnutrition.
Article
Biology
Jun Ishikawa, Makoto Takeo, Ayako Iwadate, Junko Koya, Miho Kihira, Masamitsu Oshima, Yuki Suzuki, Kazushi Taniguchi, Ayaka Kobayashi, Takashi Tsuji
Summary: Liver maintains whole-body homeostasis through its three-dimensional arrangement and high regenerative capacity. Regeneration occurs as hypertrophy, controlling size and structure strictly. Mechanical homeostasis plays critical roles in initiation and termination of liver regeneration, coordinating with cytokine networks.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xuan Li, Shicheng Fan, Chenghui Cai, Yue Gao, Xinhui Wang, Yifei Zhang, Hangfei Liang, Huilin Li, Jie Yang, Min Huang, Huichang Bi
Summary: Liver size undergoes dynamic changes during the transition from fasting to refeeding, with fasting reducing liver size and inhibiting hepatocyte proliferation, while refeeding promotes hepatocyte enlargement and proliferation. YAP, a key regulator of organ size, is involved in these changes and regulates the expression of CCND1, a protein related to proliferation. This study provides new evidence for the role of YAP in regulating liver size under energy stress.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ming Kong, Wenhui Dong, Huihui Xu, Zhiwen Fan, Xiulian Miao, Yan Guo, Chengping Li, Qing Ye, Yutong Wang, Yong Xu
Summary: Liver regeneration is a crucial compensatory process in response to liver injury, and studies have found that Brg1-dependent trans-activation of Chka expression may contribute to promoting liver regeneration.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rui Kamada, Sae Uno, Nozomi Kimura, Fumihiko Yoshimura, Keiji Tanino, Kazuyasu Sakaguchi
Summary: This study demonstrates the important role of PPM1D phosphatase in regulating lipid droplet (LD) formation in mature adipocytes. PPM1D controls LD size by dephosphorylating Ser511 of perilipin 1.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shengnan Ya, Weiping Ding, Shibo Li, Kun Du, Yuanyuan Zhang, Chengpan Li, Jing Liu, Fenfen Li, Ping Li, Tianzhi Luo, Liqun He, Ao Xu, Dayong Gao, Bensheng Qiu
Summary: This study develops a lifelike bionic liver lobule chip with perfusable hepatic sinusoid networks achieved using microflow-guided angiogenesis methodology and regulated oxygen concentration. The design produces more bionic liver microstructures, higher metabolic abilities, and longer lasting hepatocyte function than other liver-on-a-chip techniques. The unique micropillar design and oxygen concentration play key roles in guiding the assembly of hepatic sinusoid and prolonging hepatocyte function, demonstrating a broad range of applications for chronic and acute hepatotoxicity testing and tumor growth replication.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Megan Justice, Audra F. Bryan, Juanita C. Limas, Jeanette Gowen Cook, Jill M. Dowen
Summary: The study found that loss of WIZ leads to changes in cohesin localization on chromatin, distinct from loss of G9a and canonical cohesin unloading factor WAPL. Ectopic cohesin binding sites were observed after the loss of WIZ, enriched for activating histone modifications and transcription factor motifs. WIZ appears to function independently of its previously identified role in heterochromatin formation.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhongyao Li, Ruoyu Chen, Yanxia Li, Qian Zhou, Huanxin Zhao, Kewu Zeng, Baobing Zhao, Zhiyuan Lu
Summary: Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is regulated by protein kinases and phosphatases, with PPM1B being a metal ion-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase. PPM1B regulates various biological functions by dephosphorylating substrates, including cell cycle, energy metabolism, and inflammatory responses. This review provides a summary of the current understanding of PPM1B regarding its regulation of signaling pathways, associated diseases, and potential small-molecule inhibitors, offering new insights for the development of PPM1B inhibitors and the treatment of PPM1B-related diseases.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Winnie Shum, Bao Li Zhang, Albert Shang Cao, Xin Zhou, Su Meng Shi, Ze Yang Zhang, Lou Yi Gu, Shuo Shi
Summary: The epididymis is an essential organ for sperm maturation, and the regulation of calcium homeostasis in this organ is crucial for proper sperm function and male fertility. Vitamins play a significant role in modulating calcium homeostasis in the epididymis and ensuring sperm maturation.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jae-Hoon Ji, Sunwoo Min, Sunyoung Chae, Geun-Hyoung Ha, Yonghyeon Kim, Yeon-Ji Park, Chang-Woo Lee, Hyeseong Cho
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2019)
Article
Cell Biology
Young-Suk Yoo, Yeon-Ji Park, Ho-Soo Lee, Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh, Mi-Young Cho, June Heo, Eun-Seo Lee, Hyeseon Cho, Yong-Yea Park, Hyeseong Cho
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suhyeon Kim, Si-Yeon Lee, Seoyoon Bae, Jin-Kwan Lee, Kyungrim Hwang, Heounjeong Go, Chang-Woo Lee
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Jin-Kwan Lee, Seo-Young Koo, Hye-Mi Nam, Jee-Boong Lee, Jiwon Ko, Kyung-Mo Kim, Eun-Ji Park, Tae Jin Kim, Ho Lee, Heounjeong Go, Chang-Woo Lee
Summary: The Ssu72 phosphatase plays a crucial role in T-cell differentiation and function by regulating Tregs development and cytokine response. Deletion of Ssu72 disrupts the balance between effector T cells and Tregs in the periphery, resulting in impaired mucosal tolerance in patients. Ssu72 interacts with PLCγ1 to modulate T-cell receptor signaling and Treg development.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jae Sung Ko, Dongjin Jeong, Jaemoon Koh, Hyeryeon Jung, Kyeong Cheon Jung, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Hye Young Kim, Eugene C. Yi, Ho Lee, Chang-Woo Lee, Doo Hyun Chung
Summary: Ssu72 regulates the fine-tuning of TCR signaling by acting as a tyrosine phosphatase for ZAP-70. Ssu72 deficiency leads to hyperresponsiveness in T cells upon TCR stimulation due to increased ZAP-70 phosphorylation, which can be restored by reducing ZAP-70 phosphorylation levels. Additionally, Cd4-CreSsu72fl/fl mice show defects in thymic development and alterations in peripheral T cell populations, with a predisposition for spontaneous inflammation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hyun-Soo Kim, Joon-Sup Yoon, Yoon Jeon, Eun-Ji Park, Jin-Kwan Lee, Si Chen, Ho Lee, Jee Young Park, Heounjeong Go, Chang-Woo Lee
Summary: The loss of Ssu72 in the liver leads to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis, but not HCC. However, the absence of Ssu72 significantly increases the probability of HCC development and the population of hepatic progenitors in various induced HCC models.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sunwoo Min, Ho-Soo Lee, Jae-Hoon Ji, Yungyeong Heo, Yonghyeon Kim, Sunyoung Chae, Yong Won Choi, Ho-Chul Kang, Makoto Nakanishi, Hyeseong Cho
Summary: This study demonstrates that histone H2A acetylation at K118 is enriched in transcriptionally active regions, and the RSF1-HDAC1 complex is involved in deacetylating H2A(X)-K118 under DNA damage conditions, affecting DNA repair and transcriptional repression.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hyun-Soo Kim, Yoon Jeon, Yoon Ok Jang, Ho Lee, Yong Shin, Chang-Woo Lee
Summary: This study reveals that mammalian Ssu72 plays a crucial role in the transcriptional regulation of various genes through transcriptional elongation rather than polyadenylation or RNA processing. Depletion of Ssu72 leads to Pol II pausing and elongation defects, and reduced transcriptional elongation efficiency primarily affects the expression levels of actively transcribed genes.
Article
Oncology
Jihyun Park, Si-Yeon Lee, Yoon Jeon, Kyung-Mo Kim, Jin-Kwan Lee, Jiwon Ko, Eun-Ji Park, Joon-Sup Yoon, Baeki E. Kang, Dongryeol Ryu, Ho Lee, Su-Jin Shin, Heounjeong Go, Chang-Woo Lee
Summary: CD8(+)T cells play a crucial role in tumor elimination, and Peli1 is a protein associated with innate immunity. This study found that increased expression of Peli1 is associated with an increased risk of developing tumors and a decrease in the effector function of CD8(+)T cells. On the other hand, a deficiency in Peli1 enhances the activity of CD8(+)T cells. Additionally, Peli1 interacts with PKC-θ and inhibits its downstream signaling pathway in T cells.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh, Ho-Soo Lee, Yong-Hyun Kim, Sunwoo Min, Yeon-Ji Park, June Heo, Yong-Yea Park, Won-Chung Lim, Hyeseong Cho
Summary: Cells rely on mitochondrial fusion and the DNA damage response (DDR) to maintain genome stability. The fusion of mitochondria is crucial for ATM-mediated DDR signaling and activation of JNK. Fragmented mitochondria impair the formation of BRCA1 and 53BP1 foci, as well as repair processes.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eun-Ji Park, Hyun-Soo Kim, Do-Hyoung Lee, Su-Min Kim, Joon-Sup Yoon, Ji-Min Lee, Se Jin Im, Ho Lee, Min-Woo Lee, Chang-Woo Lee
Summary: This study demonstrates the important role of the cold-responsive phosphatase Ssu72 in mRNA translation and thermogenic adaptation in brown adipocytes. Ssu72 deficiency leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired thermogenesis in BAT, which can be rescued by restoring Ssu72 expression.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joon-Sup Yoon, Chang-Woo Lee
Summary: Protein phosphatases play an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the regulation of the liver microenvironment. Regulating phosphatases can reduce the risk of HCC and enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. This review provides valuable insights into understanding the mechanism and potential treatments for HCC.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sunwoo Min, Jae-Hoon Ji, Yungyeong Heo, Hyeseong Cho
Summary: This article discusses how chromosome regulators coordinate DNA repair at active genes. Researchers have found that DNA double-strand breaks prompt a series of genome-organizing proteins to temporarily shut down the transcription of genes into RNA, and then assist in repairing the broken DNA to restore genomic integrity. A better understanding of the importance of regulating chromosome structure could lead to new therapeutic strategies for diseases such as cancer.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)