Pomegranate Juice Increases Sirtuin1 Protein in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell from Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: Few studies have examined anti-inflammatory effects of pomegranate juice (PJ). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of PJ on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) p65 and sirtuin1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), and plasma vascular inflammation biomarkers. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to either the PJ (n=22) or the placebo group (n=22). The patients in the PJ group received 250mL of PJ daily for 12 weeks, whereas the placebo group received corresponding control beverages of similar color and energy content. At baseline and at the end of week 12, fasting plasma concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule type 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule type 1 (sVCAM-1), and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) were measured. NF-B p65 and SIRT1 were measured in the PBMC. Results: Plasma sE-selectin concentration decreased significantly in the PJ group at the end of week 12 compared to baseline (P<0.001 for treatment effect), and the reduction was significant in comparison with the placebo group (P<0.05 for treatment effect). There were no significant differences between the two groups in plasma sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1. At the end of the study, compared with the placebo group, NF-B p65 in PBMC was significantly lower (P<0.01 for treatment effect) and SIRT1 was significantly higher (P<0.0001 for treatment effect) in the PJ group. Conclusion: This study supports the PJ consumption as a food with potential benefits in individuals with type 2 diabetes as evidenced by improvements in NF-B and SIRT1 levels in PBMC of study participants.