Article
Orthopedics
Keith A. Knurr, Stephanie A. Kliethermes, Mikel R. Stiffler-Joachim, Daniel G. Cobian, Geoffrey S. Baer, Bryan C. Heiderscheit
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the return of running biomechanics to preinjury levels within the first year after ACLR among collegiate athletes. Results showed that the surgical limb did not return to preinjury levels by 12 months post-ACLR, while the nonsurgical limb mechanics remained unchanged.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Romain Jouffroy, Helene Hergault, Juliana Antero, Antoine Vieillard Baron, Nicolas Mansencal
Summary: This study investigates the cardiovascular changes associated with long endurance running. The results show that diastolic and systolic echocardiographic parameters are decreased during the race, and there is an increase in NT pro-BNP and T-troponin blood levels.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Kenneth P. Clark, Laurence J. Ryan, Christopher R. Meng, David J. Stearne
Summary: Thigh angular acceleration is crucial in running performance, and a simple method introduced in the study can model the maximum thigh angular acceleration effectively. The model's alpha(max) was found to be highly correlated with top running speed.
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
Alexandra F. DeJong Lempke, Joseph M. Hart, David J. Hryvniak, Jordan S. Rodu, Jay Hertel
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between biomechanics, perceived exertion, and wellness in cross-country athletes. The results showed that there were associations between biomechanical measures and perceived exertion, but minimal associations with wellness measures.
PHYSICAL THERAPY IN SPORT
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Kenneth P. Clark, Laurence J. Ryan, Christopher R. Meng, David J. Stearne
Summary: This study quantified the forward and backward foot speeds during steady-speed running and explored their relationship with sprinting performance. The results showed that both forward and backward foot speeds were significantly and positively correlated with running speed. However, contrary to expectations, faster runners did not necessarily exhibit lower ground speed difference values at top speed.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN KINETICS
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Sebastian Deisting Skejo, Morten Enemark Lund, Martin Stensvig, Nickolaj Mads Kaae, John Rasmussen
Summary: The study explores using Fourier series to describe the kinematics of human running. By analyzing joint angles through FFT, it is found that five or fewer Fourier coefficient pairs can accurately represent most joint angles.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Mikel Renee Stiffler-Joachim, Drew Henry Lukes, Stephanie A. Kliethermes, Bryan C. Heiderscheit
Summary: This study investigated asymmetries during running in healthy collegiate athletes, finding that the magnitude of asymmetry varies depending on the variable of interest, with small differences observed in sex and speed which are unlikely to be meaningful.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Marcel Lemire, Romain Remetter, Thomas J. Hureau, Bernard Geny, Evelyne Lonsdorfer, Fabrice Favret, Stephane P. Dufour
Summary: This study aimed to determine the factors contributing to energy cost during graded running in well-trained runners. The results showed that energy cost was lower during downhill running compared to level and uphill running, and the correlations between energy cost and physiological factors differed depending on the slope.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fabian Hoitz, Vinzenz von Tscharner, Jennifer Baltich, Benno M. Nigg
Summary: The uniqueness of human gait is predominantly encoded in movements of the coronal and transverse plane during early stance. Gait characteristics of the coronal and transverse plane as well as medio-lateral ground reaction forces provided more information for subject identification than gait characteristics of the sagittal plane and ground reaction forces in vertical or anterior-posterior direction. Additionally, gait characteristics during the early stance were more relevant for gait recognition than those of the mid and late stance phase.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica C. Selinger, Jennifer L. Hicks, Rachel W. Jackson, Cara M. Wall-Scheffler, Derek Chang, Scott L. Delp
Summary: This study analyzes a large-scale dataset of free-living runners and finds that human runners prefer a specific running speed that is independent of task distance and is not significantly different from the energy-optimal running speed measured in laboratory experiments.
Article
Sport Sciences
Mariana Souza Pinto, Carlos Sanchez, Natalia Martins, Luciano Luporini Menegaldo, Fernando Pompeu, Liliam Fernandes de Oliveira
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of Achilles tendon tangent modulus on running economy by comparing two groups of elite endurance athletes with different running training volumes. The results showed that long-distance runners had higher maximum tangent modulus, maximum true stress, and better running economy than pentathletes. The correlation coefficient between tangent modulus at larger deformations was significant, indicating the importance of quantifying tendon tissue adaptations for elite endurance athletes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elizabeth D. Thompson, Soumya Bhat, Margaret A. French, Susanne Morton, Ryan T. Pohlig, Darcy S. Reisman
Summary: This study aimed to determine the impact of exercise priming on retention of an explicit locomotor learning task in chronic stroke survivors. The results showed that exercise priming did not affect retention of the learned walking pattern.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Szczepan Wiecha, Przemyslaw Seweryn Kasiak, Igor Cieslinski, Marcin Maciejczyk, Artur Mamcarz, Daniel Sliz
Summary: This study identified the strongest predictors of running performance and developed prediction models with high precision and repeatability. The results can be used for personalized training and adjusting optimal therapeutic protocols.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alireza Shamsoddini, Mohammad Taghi Hollisaz
Summary: This study compared the effects of running shoes and boots on running biomechanics. The results showed that running with boots was associated with greater stride, step, flight, and swing times, as well as a reduction in ankle range of motion. Additionally, there was a compensatory mechanism involving muscles spanning the hip and knee joints to generate more power and compensate for the ankle joint limitations.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ian Balitsky, Giovanni A. Chirilli
Summary: The scale of a coupling constant for rapidity-only evolution of transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) operators in the Sudakov kinematic region has been calculated using the Brodsky-Lepage-Mackenzie optimal scale setting. The effective argument of a coupling constant is located halfway on the logarithmical scale between the transverse momentum and energy of TMD distributions. The resulting rapidity-only evolution equation has been solved for quark and gluon TMDs.
Article
Sport Sciences
Keren Constantini, Anna C. Bouillet, Chad C. Wiggins, Bruce J. Martin, Robert F. Chapman
Summary: The study found that the hypoxic ventilatory response at rest and during exercise are not correlated, and in acute hypoxia, factors such as ventilation and CO2 release play a significant role in performance impairment.
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Marissa N. Baranauskas, Keren Constantini, Hunter L. Paris, Chad C. Wiggins, Zachary J. Schlader, Robert F. Chapman
Summary: The study examines the impact of high-altitude training on elite endurance athletes, suggesting altitude training as the preferred option for preparing for competition in temperate climates.
EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Curtis S. Goss, Joel T. Greenshields, Chris L. Brammer, Kosuke Kojima, Brian Wright, Robert F. Chapman, Joel M. Stager
Summary: The study found significant individual variability in heart rate during swimming training, suggesting that coaches should consider individual differences when prescribing workout intensity, rather than rigidly using heart rate zones.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Ankit B. Shah, Dustin Nabhan, Robert Chapman, George Chiampas, Jonathan Drezner, J. Tod Olin, David Taylor, Jonathan T. Finnoff, Aaron L. Baggish
Summary: The report discusses the safety of reopening US Olympic and Paralympic training facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic from July to October 2020. It found that strict reentry and infection prevention measures allowed the facilities to successfully resume activity, with only a small percentage of athletes testing positive for COVID-19.
SPORTS HEALTH-A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
(2021)
Letter
Physiology
Marissa N. Baranauskas, Keren Constantini, Hunter L. Paris, Chad C. Wiggins, Zachary J. Schlader, Robert F. Chapman
EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Timothy J. Fulton, Marissa N. Baranauskas, Robert F. Chapman
Summary: This study aims to determine whether participation and/or advancement at an athlete's first World Championship/Olympic Games affect the likelihood of winning medals in the future. The results suggest that advancing out of the initial round in the first competition is associated with increased odds of future medaling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Curtis S. Goss, Joel T. Greenshields, Tyler J. Noble, Robert F. Chapman
Summary: This study analyzed the finishing time trends of the top 100 performers in men's and women's marathon, half-marathon, and road 10-km races from 2001 to 2019. The results suggest that recent world record performances are influenced by overall circumstances rather than individual runners' outstanding physiology.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Michael A. Coyle, Curtis S. Goss, Wesley J. Manz, Joel T. Greenshields, Robert F. Chapman, Joel M. Stager
Summary: This study found that histamine plays a role in the development of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) during intense exercise in highly trained athletes. The use of the mast cell stabilizer nedocromil sodium (NS) and H-1-receptor antagonist diphenhydramine HCL (DH) can improve EIAH and increase arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2).
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Mikaela C. Gabler, Curtis S. Goss, Jessica A. Freemas, Marissa N. Baranauskas, Abigail S. Sogard, Robert F. Chapman
Summary: Listening to music while exercising can mitigate dyspnea and improve exercise tolerance and performance.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Jason M. Keeler, Hayden W. Hess, Erica Tourula, Tyler B. Baker, Payton M. Kerr, Joel T. Greenshields, Robert F. Chapman, Blair D. Johnson, Zachary J. Schlader
Summary: This study found that spleen volume increases during head-out-of-water immersion and returns to pre-immersion levels after the process. Additionally, apnea-induced spleen contraction is enhanced when spleen volume is elevated before the apnea.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Olivier Girard, Benjamin D. Levine, Robert F. Chapman, Randall Wilber
Summary: Altitude training is crucial for the success of elite endurance athletes. The Live High-Train Low (LHTL) model, which combines acclimatization to hypoxia with high-intensity training at low altitude, has been widely used since 1997. This review discusses important considerations for successfully implementing LHTL camps in elite athletes, including optimal dose, individual responses, iron status, training-load monitoring, and the timing of intervention.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Olivier Girard, Sebastien Racinais
Summary: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of graded hypoxia on subsequent rapid and maximal torque-production capacity during exhaustive intermittent cycling. The results showed that both normoxia and moderate to severe hypoxia significantly reduced the rate of torque development of the knee extensors during intense intermittent cycling. Rating: 7 out of 10.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Qian Yu, Zhaowei Kong, Liye Zou, Robert Chapman, Qingde Shi, Jinlei Nie
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of seven common hypoxic training paradigms on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and explored related moderating factors. The results showed that the optimal hypoxic training paradigms differed between athletes and non-athletes, with intermittent hypoxia interval training (IHIT) being most effective for athletes and intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) being most promising for non-athletes. Saturation hours were found to be a significant factor affecting the improvements in VO2max induced by IHT.
JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE & FITNESS
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Marissa N. Baranauskas, Timothy J. Fulton, Alyce D. Fly, Bruce J. Martin, Timothy D. Mickleborough, Robert F. Chapman
Summary: This study found that there is a high intraindividual variability in the response of serum erythropoietin to multiple simulated altitude exposures. Athletes who regularly use simulated altitude methods should expect inconsistent EPO responses to intermittent exposures lasting <= 12 hours.
HIGH ALTITUDE MEDICINE & BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matthew J. Barenie, Jessica A. Freemas, Marissa N. Baranauskas, Curtis S. Goss, Kadie L. Freeman, Xiwei Chen, Stephanie L. Dickinson, Alyce D. Fly, Keisuke Kawata, Robert F. Chapman, Timothy D. Mickleborough
Summary: The study aimed to compare the effects of green-lipped mussel oil and krill oil on exercise-induced muscle damage, with ESPO-572(R) showing at least as good results as PCSO-524(R) in reducing DOMS increase and protecting joint ROM.
JOURNAL OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS
(2022)