Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jackson Barnard, Spencer Roberts, Michele Lastella, Brad Aisbett, Dominique Condo
Summary: Dietary factors have been found to have an impact on the sleep quality of athletically trained populations. Higher caffeine intake in the evening reduces sleep duration and efficiency, while increasing sleep latency and wake after sleep onset. Evening consumption of high glycemic index carbohydrates and protein high in tryptophan may reduce sleep latency.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rachel Scrivin, Ricardo J. S. Costa, Fiona Pelly, Dana Lis, Gary Slater
Summary: This study examined the carbohydrate (CHO) knowledge, beliefs, and intended practices of endurance athletes with and without exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptoms (Ex-GIS). A total of 201 endurance athletes completed an online questionnaire, with 137 experiencing Ex-GIS and 64 without. The results showed that athletes correctly identified CHO and non-CHO food sources and believed that consuming CHO around training sessions and competitions enhances athletic performance.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Michael Siebers, Sarah Biedermann, Johannes Fuss
Summary: This systematic review examines the changes in endocannabinoid (eCB) levels following exercise in humans. The findings suggest that acute exercise leads to an increase in eCBs, while long-term endurance exercise may result in a decrease in eCBs. However, due to methodological hurdles, there is currently no reliable evidence to support the direct involvement of eCBs in the runner's high.
Article
Sport Sciences
Petr Kveton, Martin Jelinek, Iva Buresova
Summary: This study investigated the impact of perfectionistic strivings and concerns on athlete burnout and overtraining syndrome indicators in adolescent athletes. Results showed that perfectionism significantly predicted burnout and overtraining in cross-sectional analysis and different dimensions of perfectionism had varying effects on burnout and sports performance in both short-term and long-term longitudinal perspectives.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sophie Parker, Olafur Palsson, David S. Sanders, Magnus Simren, Ami D. Sperber, Hans Tornblom, Heidi Urwin, William Whitehead, Imran Aziz
Summary: Individuals with celiac disease can experience gastrointestinal symptoms despite adhering to a gluten-free diet. This study found that half of the individuals with celiac disease who adhered to a gluten-free diet had functional gastrointestinal disorders, which was twice the rate compared to a matched control group. Furthermore, these individuals were more likely to have anxiety, depression, somatization, and reduced quality of life. Addressing gut-brain interaction disorders may improve outcomes in this specific group of patients.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Wonhee Cho, Hwaebong Jung, Sunghyun Hong, Hyuk In Yang, Dong-Hyuk Park, Sang-Hoon Suh, Dong Hoon Lee, Yong-Sahm Choe, Joon Young Kim, Wooyoung Lee, Justin Y. Jeon
Summary: This study found that short-term ketogenic diet may enhance fat metabolism but could lead to decreased exercise efficiency and increased exercise stress.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Djesia Arnone, Caroline Chabot, Anne-Charlotte Heba, Tunay Kokten, Benedicte Caron, Franck Hansmannel, Natacha Dreumont, Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan, Didier Quilliot, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
Summary: Excessive sugar consumption is linked to the rising incidence of diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. It can disrupt the intestinal barrier and increase susceptibility to infections.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Elizabeth C. Ott, Clay A. Cavinder, Shangshang Wang, Trent Smith, Caleb O. Lemley, Thu T. N. Dinh
Summary: The current study demonstrates that horses exposed to increased physical stress experience changes in oxidative stress biomarkers. Prolonged exposure to stress can result in adaptation of the stress response. Regular exposure to physical stressors may negatively impact the performance of equine athletes.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Akhmad Fajri Widodo, Cheng-Wen Tien, Chien-Wei Chen, Shih-Chiung Lai
Summary: Hamstring weakness is associated with an increased risk of hamstring strain. Isotonic and isometric exercises can improve hamstring strength and enhance the muscles' ability to resist force and produce power. Low intensity, high repetition exercises can prevent sports injuries and enhance athletic performance.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Timothy J. Schoenfeld, Chance Swanson
Summary: Physical exercise has wide-ranging benefits to cognitive functioning and mental state, with effects resembling enhancements to hippocampal functioning. Beta-endorphins released during exercise are a potential candidate for moderating increases in neurogenesis and related behavioral benefits. Further exploration of beta-endorphin as a key mediator of hippocampal neurogenesis could provide insights into how exercise promotes adult neurogenesis and overall brain health.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bradley J. Petek, Mostafa A. Al-Alusi, Nathaniel Moulson, Aubrey J. Grant, Cyril Besson, J. Sawalla Guseh, Meagan M. Wasfy, Vincent Gremeaux, Timothy W. Churchill, Aaron L. Baggish
Summary: The use of consumer wearable devices (CWDs) has expanded rapidly in recent years due to technological advances. These devices enable continuous tracking of vital signs, exercise output, and advanced health metrics. However, interpreting the data collected requires careful consideration and understanding of the complexities involved.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Issei Ogasawara, Noriaki Hattori, Gajanan S. Revankar, Shoji Konda, Yuki Uno, Tomohito Nakano, Yuta Kajiyama, Hideki Mochizuki, Ken Nakata
Summary: The study aimed to identify the origin of a dystonic movement abnormality using three-dimensional kinematic analysis and electromyographic assessment during treadmill running. The findings suggested that the runner's symptom was likely a form of segmental dystonia originating from impaired control of hip and pelvis, rather than distal focal ankle dystonia. It is crucial to deconstruct the symptom origin from its secondary compensatory movement for individualized symptom assessment.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Iris Trefflich, Stefan Dietrich, Annett Braune, Klaus Abraham, Cornelia Weikert
Summary: This study compared concentrations of SCFA, BCFA, ammonia, and fecal pH between vegans and omnivores, finding no significant differences in SCFA and BCFA concentrations but lower fecal pH and ammonia concentration in vegans. The results suggest that bacterial functionality may be adapted to varying nutrient availability in these diets.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jerusa Brignardello, Sofia Fountana, Joram Matthias Posma, Edward S. Chambers, Jeremy K. Nicholson, Julien Wist, Gary Frost, Isabel Garcia-Perez, Elaine Holmes
Summary: This study investigated the temporal changes in SCFA concentrations in response to two contrasting diets using a novel GC-MS method. The results showed that the unhealthy diet was associated with lower concentrations of certain SCFAs and higher concentrations of lactic acid. The study highlighted the importance of standardizing the timing of SCFA measurements in dietary studies.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Matthew Zhao, Maria A. Rodriguez, Binhuan Wang, Elizabeth J. Santa Ana, Jennifer Friedberg, Yixin Fang, John P. Allegrante, Sundar Natarajan
Summary: The study aimed to verify the reliability and validity of a self-report measure for assessing self-efficacy in hypertension treatment adherence. Through a six-month randomized clinical trial, the tailored intervention showed greater effectiveness in improving hypertension control compared to usual care. The self-efficacy for hypertension treatment adherence (SE-HTA) instrument comprised three subscales and demonstrated good validity and reliability.
PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Parisa Vahidi Ferdowsi, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Jeffrey M. Beckett, Stephen Myers
Summary: In this study, the effect of capsaicin and zinc on glucose metabolism signalling pathways was evaluated. The results showed that both compounds activated calcium signalling, leading to increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ella S. Smith, Alannah K. A. McKay, Megan Kuikman, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Rachel Harris, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Trent Stellingwerff, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Micronutrient deficiencies and sub-optimal intakes among female athletes are a concern. However, current research and literature on the use of supplements do not adequately consider women's needs. There is a lack of studies on sex-based differences in response to calcium, iron, and vitamin D supplementation. Additionally, the quality and quantity of literature specific to female athletes are inadequate. More high-quality research is needed to address these gaps and ensure that women's specific needs are considered in supplementation protocols.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Parisa Vahidi Ferdowsi, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Jeffrey M. M. Beckett, Stephen Myers
Summary: The global burden of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has prompted research on finding new therapeutic targets for this chronic disorder. Bioactive food components, such as capsaicin and zinc, have shown the potential to improve glucose metabolism by activating specific pathways. Capsaicin and zinc stimulate glucose uptake through different pathways (AMPK and AKT), but both involve calcium signal transduction. Investigating the molecular pathways activated by capsaicin and zinc could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets for T2DM. This literature review aims to provide an overview of the main signaling pathways triggered by capsaicin and zinc in glucose metabolism.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chitra Sharma, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Bharati Kulkarni, Nuala N. M. Byrne, Andrew P. P. Hills
Summary: Current global trends in physical activity levels indicate the lack of progress towards achieving the 2030 target set by the Global Action Plan. Compositional data analysis and life course epidemiology provide potential frameworks for understanding the complexity of physical activity and its relationship with life course factors. Combining these fields represents a paradigm shift in physical activity research with potential impacts on policy and both advantages and challenges. The implications of maintaining the disconnect between these fields versus consolidating them should be carefully considered.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Timothy P. Holloway, Lisa Dalton, Roger Hughes, Sisitha Jayasinghe, Kira A. E. Patterson, Sandra Murray, Robert Soward, Nuala M. Byrne, Andrew P. Hills, Kiran D. K. Ahuja
Summary: School environments can create a healthy setting for children's health and well-being. School gardening interventions have shown positive outcomes in terms of healthier eating and increased physical activity. This study found that embedding nutrition and garden-based education in the curriculum, experiential learning opportunities, family and authority figure engagement, cultural context, and the use of multi-prong approaches contribute to the improvement of children's health and well-being through school gardening programs.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sisitha Jayasinghe, Timothy P. Holloway, Robert Soward, Kira A. E. Patterson, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Lisa Dalton, Sandra Murray, Roger Hughes, Nuala M. Byrne, Andrew P. Hills
Summary: This study aims to reduce the incidence of obesity and related diseases through social prescribing, peer education, and health screening, increase service and workforce connectivity and collaboration, and enhance health and well-being by improving food literacy, physical literacy, mental health, and community connectedness.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Roger Hughes, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Kira A. E. Patterson, Timothy P. P. Holloway, Robert Soward, Sisitha Jayasinghe, Nuala M. M. Byrne, Andrew P. P. Hills
Summary: This study aimed to determine the determinants, needs, strategic priorities, and capacity to act on overweight and obesity prevention in North-West Tasmania by engaging and consulting local community stakeholders. The results showed that mental health and obesity were major concerns and shared similar determinants. The study identified health promotion capacity assets and deficits, highlighting the need for stakeholder consultations in future programs for obesity prevention and health promotion.
HEALTH PROMOTION JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2023)
Review
Rehabilitation
E. Jovic, K. D. K. Ahuja, K. Lawler, S. Hardcastle, M. L. Bird
Summary: This study reviewed the literature on carer-supported home-based exercise programs for people after stroke. The research found that there is significant variation in the training carers receive, and these exercise programs have positive effects on the physical activity levels and functional mobility of stroke patients.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rebecca Kuriyan, Andrew P. Hills, Alexia Murphy-Alford, Ramya Padmanabha, Lukhanyo H. Nyati, Nuala M. Byrne, Anura V. Kurpad, Shane Norris
Summary: 3C-model estimates of body composition in infants differed between countries; further studies are needed to confirm these findings and investigate the causes for the differences.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ina S. Santos, Caroline S. Costa, Andrew P. Hills, Shabina Ariff, V. Pujitha Wickramasinghe, Shane Norris, Alexia J. Murphy-Alford, Christine Slater, Nishani Lucas, Lukhanyo H. Nyati, Anura V. Kurpad, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Rebecca Kuriyan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate factors associated with infant body composition and found that birth weight and breastfeeding are independent predictors of body composition in early life, regardless of sex.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Seonad K. Madden, Kiran D. K. Ahuja, Claire Blewitt, Briony Hill, Andrew P. Hills, Helen Skouteris
Summary: This paper examines the complex link between work and health outcomes for preconception, pregnant, and postpartum women, proposing a systems-thinking approach to understand the pathways between paid work and health for individual women and improve their health outcomes.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Manoja P. Herath, Andrew P. Hills, Jeffrey M. Beckett, Sisitha Jayasinghe, Nuala M. Byrne, Kiran D. K. Ahuja
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the trends and associations of maternal characteristics and birthweight among Indigenous and non-Indigenous infants. The study used retrospective population-based data from Tasmania to assess the trends and associations between maternal characteristics and infant birthweight. The results showed that Indigenous mothers had a higher prevalence of risk factors compared to non-Indigenous mothers, and there were significant differences in the rates of increase in certain risk factors between the two groups.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Manoja P. Herath, Sandra Murray, Meron Lewis, Timothy P. Holloway, Roger Hughes, Sisitha Jayasinghe, Robert Soward, Kira A. E. Patterson, Nuala M. Byrne, Amanda J. Lee, Andrew P. Hills, Kiran D. K. Ahuja
Summary: Understanding food prices and affordability is crucial for promoting healthy dietary habits and informing policy actions. A study in Northwest Tasmania found that the recommended healthy diet was cheaper and had slower cost growth compared to the habitual unhealthy diet. The habitual diet was unaffordable for low-income households while the recommended diet posed a risk of food stress for some groups. Interventions such as financial support, nutrition education, and price regulation can help address food insecurity in the region.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Samuel Blades, Matt Jensen, Trent Stellingwerff, Sandra Hundza, Marc Klimstra
Summary: This study compared the accuracy and reliability of a new fully integrated plantar-pressure measurement system (PPMS) with an industry-standard PPMS during benchtop and running testing protocols. Results showed that the new PPMS had similar accuracy and reliability to the standard PPMS, with high agreement in both benchtop and running measurements. However, the new PPMS exhibited hysteresis during running, which may affect the accuracy of kinetic gait measures.
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
C. A. Honan, J. A. Turner, C. Padgett, S. McDonald, I. Van der Mei, K. D. K. Ahuja, H. M. Francis, L. Tan, C. K. Lim
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2022)