Article
Geography, Physical
Roberta Pini, Giulia Furlanetto, Francesca Valle, Federica Badino, Lucia Wick, Flavio S. Anselmetti, Paolo Bertuletti, Nicoletta Fusi, Marina A. Morlock, Barbara Delmonte, Sandy P. Harrison, Valter Maggi, Cesare Ravazzi
Summary: This study investigates the climate evolution between the North Atlantic and the Alps during the last glaciation. By analyzing a high-resolution record from Lake Fimon in the southern Alpine foothills, the researchers reveal the linkage between the climate changes in the Alps and the North Atlantic events, providing insights into the in-phase reactions of the British-Irish Ice Sheet, Alpine glaciers, and ecosystems to changes in the Atlantic Meridional Circulation.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Stefany A. Pereira, Janaina M. Kimpara, Wagner C. Valenti
Summary: Seaweed cultivation, particularly focusing on Hypnea pseudomusciformis, has been shown to be a sustainable production system that takes into account environmental, social, and economic dimensions. The study found that the cultivation of H. pseudomusciformis had highly efficient use of resources, contributed to local community income, and was highly profitable with positive externalities. The results suggest that seaweed farming could be a sustainable way to produce high-quality human food and raw materials for industry along the tropical Atlantic Southwestern coast.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Dillon J. Amaya, Alan M. Seltzer, Kristopher B. Karnauskas, Juan M. Lora, Xiyue Zhang, Pedro N. DiNezio
Summary: The Western U.S. experienced significant hydroclimatic changes during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), with a wetter Southwest and drier Pacific Northwest. This study examines the mechanisms behind these shifts and finds that ice sheet albedo influenced sea surface temperatures and altered large-scale atmospheric circulation, leading to changes in west coast precipitation. Importantly, the study suggests that similar hydroclimatic changes could occur today due to atmosphere-ocean feedbacks.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Frerk Poppelmeier, Aurich Jeltsch-Thommes, Joerg Lippold, Fortunat Joos, Thomas F. Stocker
Summary: According to a reassessment of proxy records and model simulations, the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation was shallow and weak during the Last Glacial Maximum, and it took time for water masses to adjust to circulation shifts during the Last Deglaciation. However, uncertainties still exist in understanding the Atlantic circulation and its response to external perturbations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Trevor T. Bringloe, Antoine Fort, Masami Inaba, Ronan Sulpice, Cliodhna Ni Ghriofa, Agnes Mols-Mortensen, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Christophe Vieira, Hiroshi Kawai, Takeaki Hanyuda, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Birgit Olesen, Samuel Starko, Heroen Verbruggen
Summary: This study used genome sequencing to investigate the survival of kelp populations during the Last Glacial Maximum. The results provide strong evidence that these populations were resilient to past climatic fluctuations and potentially adapted to local conditions.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Yacine Ben Chehida, Roisin Loughnane, Julie Thumloup, Kristin Kaschner, Cristina Garilao, Patricia E. Rosel, Michael C. Fontaine
Summary: This study investigated the population structure and phylogeographic history of harbor porpoises in the North Atlantic using phylogenetics, population genetics, and predictive habitat modeling. The results revealed important departures from random mating and restricted dispersal, forming a highly significant isolation by distance. The findings provide insights into the processes shaping porpoise population structure and offer a framework for designing conservation strategies and forecasting future population evolution.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jago Strong-Wright, John R. Taylor
Summary: Recent research suggests that macroalgae, such as kelp, could be cultivated in the open ocean as a method of CO2 removal. This study investigates the growth potential of macroalgae in the North Atlantic, finding that growth is possible to depths of up to 50 meters in clear open ocean waters. The study also reveals the importance of temperature and nutrient availability in determining the southern limit of macroalgae growth range. Additionally, the research highlights a significant reduction in kelp growth potential over the past two decades due to surface ocean warming.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Geography, Physical
Y. Zhou, J. F. McManus
Summary: Oxygen in the ocean plays essential roles in ecology and climate, indicating deep ocean ventilation and carbon storage. Previous studies disagree on the oxygen levels in the subsurface of the North Atlantic during the Last Glacial Maximum. This study uses uranium measurements in deep-sea sediments to reveal lower oxygen levels in the deep North Atlantic during the Last Glacial Maximum, with pronounced regional differences.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ting Wang, Na Wang, Dabang Jiang
Summary: We investigate changes in the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) during the last glacial maximum (LGM) using multiple simulations. Most models show that the LGM ITCZ shifts southward, narrows, and weakens on a global scale. Regionally, the central and eastern Pacific show the largest position and intensity changes, while the Indian Ocean-western Pacific experience the most obvious width changes. The September-October-November and June-July-August seasons contribute the most to the annual ITCZ changes globally and in most regions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Min Zeng, Harunur Rashid, Yuxin Zhou, Jerry F. McManus, Yang Wang
Summary: Previous studies have shown that millennial-scale sea-surface cooling occurred in the North Atlantic during the last glacial cycle, but few studies have examined detailed planktonic foraminiferal data in the North Atlantic Transition Zone and subpolar gyre. In this study, planktonic foraminiferal abundances, oxygen isotopes, and ice-rafted detritus counts were analyzed to reconstruct changes in surface water masses and dynamics of oceanic fronts in the North Atlantic. The results indicate that the dynamics of the surface circulation in the North Atlantic during the last glacial cycle were influenced by various factors.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
J. M. Lora, C. B. Skinner, W. D. Rush, S. H. Baek
Summary: Proxy reconstructions and model simulations show that the hydroclimate during the Last Glacial Maximum was mainly influenced by ice sheets, causing reductions in moisture transport and precipitation globally, except for increases in precipitation over Patagonia, Iberia, and southwestern North America.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katharine A. Marske, Sarah L. Boyer
Summary: This article reviews the major phylogeographic patterns in Aotearoa New Zealand's terrestrial flora and fauna associated with the Otira Glaciation. The article focuses on the complexity of New Zealand species' biogeographic histories, the locations of glacial refugia, and the role of glaciation in driving diversification. It also suggests future research directions and questions to take advantage of the abundant phylogeographic data in New Zealand.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NEW ZEALAND
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Robert A. Boria, Jessica L. Blois
Summary: This study investigates the range dynamics and demography of the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, and finds that climate change has played a significant role in shaping its population and differentiation.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Wayne L. Strong
Summary: The study identified potential Last Glacial Maximum members of the Eastern Beringia vascular flora and found that most taxa were perennials and forbs, with arctic/alpine taxa associated with xeric to submesic environments and subarctic taxa favoring moister conditions. The research also suggested that some subarctic taxa may have migrated from refugial areas peripheral to Western Beringia during the Late Wisconsinan, rather than being migrants from mid-latitude North America. Former LGM Eastern Beringian taxa currently dominate the flora and plant canopy cover of Alaska-Yukon arctic vegetation, with their frequency decreasing as distance from Eastern Beringia increases.
VEGETATION HISTORY AND ARCHAEOBOTANY
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Juan Muglia, Andreas Schmittner
Summary: Despite being poorly understood, the deep ocean circulation during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is thought to have been shallower than at present, with disagreement over its transport rate. Existing data constrain the depth of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) well, favoring simulations with a depth of 2000-2500 m, but provide weaker constraints on its strength. Radiocarbon ages are weakly related to deep water transport rates, but strongly dependent on Southern Ocean surface reservoir ages, which are highly correlated with AMOC depth. Variations in modeled carbon isotope distributions and radiocarbon ages are highly correlated with changes in deep transport rates and water mass geometry.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Manuela Parente, Robert L. Fletcher, Filipe O. Costa, Gary W. Saunders
Summary: This study identified 11 independent genetic lineages of Ralfsia-like taxa, leading to the proposal of a new classification unit, Pseudoralfsiaceae, and two new genera, Pseudoralfsia and Nuchella. Additionally, species of Pseudoralfsiaceae can be distinguished from Ralfsia sensu stricto (Ralfsiaceae) mainly by DNA sequences and by consistently having frequent hair pits, and typically unsymmetrical thalli.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Richard Wetherbee, Trevor T. Bringloe, Joana F. Costa, Allison van de Meene, Robert A. Andersen, Heroen Verbruggen
Summary: Pelagophytes are a morphologically diverse class of marine algae, with two new genera discovered through DNA sequences. The four new species exhibit distinct benthic stages and occasional production of classic heterokont zoospores. The unique perforated theca observed in all genera of this lineage may be a key morphological feature defining pelagophytes.
JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Trevor T. Bringloe, Cody Brooks, Meghann Bruce, Gary W. Saunders
Summary: The research confirms the presence of Eisenia arborea in Haida Gwaii, Canada, with potential scattered populations throughout the western portions of the archipelago. The populations in Haida Gwaii could serve as potential monitoring sites for ecological and evolutionary investigations of E. arborea.
Letter
Biodiversity Conservation
Samuel Starko, David P. Wilkinson, Trevor T. Bringloe
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Craig W. Schneider, Michael J. Wynne, Gary W. Saunders
Summary: Specimens of Spyridia 'filamentosa' from Southern New England and New York were sequenced for mitochondrial COI-5P and chloroplastic rbcL genes, showing distinct differences from Mediterranean specimens. As a result, a little-known species name, Spyridia americana Durant, was assigned to specimens collected from the northeastern coast of the United States.
Article
Plant Sciences
Trevor T. Bringloe, Ryan Sauermann, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Birgit Olesen, Anna Klimova, Tatyana A. Klochkova, Heroen Verbruggen
Summary: This study utilized whole-genome sequencing datasets to identify 11 epi-endobiotic species colonizing kelp sporophytes, with a dominance of Chordariacean diversity. A newly discovered phaeophycean parasite lacking an rbcL counterpart was also identified, demonstrating the utility of whole-genome sequencing in revealing surprising aspects of eukaryotic diversity in kelp holobionts.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Joseph L. Richards, Gary W. Saunders, Jeffery R. Hughey, Paul W. Gabrielson
Summary: Partial rbcL sequences were obtained from type specimens of Lithophyllum coarctatum and L. gardineri. Despite morpho-anatomical similarities, phylogenetic analyses confirmed that both species belong in Porolithon. A novel epiphytic species, P. epiphyticum sp. nov., from Cocos-Keeling Islands was also identified.
Article
Plant Sciences
John M. Huisman, Gary W. Saunders
Summary: Molecular analyses have revealed discrepancies in Australian taxa previously classified as Plocamium cartilagineum with the species from its northern hemisphere type locality. After examining and designating a lectotype for Plocamium pusillum, it has been resurrected as a distinct species genetically and morphologically, differing from authentic P. cartilagineum.
CRYPTOGAMIE ALGOLOGIE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Thea R. Popolizio, Craig W. Schneider, Walter M. Jongbloed, Gary W. Saunders, Christopher E. Lane
Summary: In the last decade, molecular tools have revealed previously unrecognized taxa in Bermuda's marine flora, especially among the Rhodophyta. Misidentified species have been reclassified and many novel species have been discovered. The `Laurencia complex' has also been modified globally, with five of the eight recognized genera found in Bermuda. The study presents new species and revises the classification of existing ones using genetic sequencing.
CRYPTOGAMIE ALGOLOGIE
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Marlene Elias, Matt Kandel, Stephanie Mansourian, Ruth Meinzen-Dick, Mary Crossland, Deepa Joshi, Juliet Kariuki, Lynn C. Lee, Pamela McElwee, Amrita Sen, Emily Sigman, Ruchika Singh, Emily M. Adamczyk, Thomas Addoah, Genevieve Agaba, Rahinatu S. Alare, Will Anderson, Indika Arulingam, SGiids Kung Vanessa Bellis, Regina Birner, Sanjiv De Silva, Mark Dubois, Marie Duraisami, Mike Featherstone, Bryce Gallant, Arunima Hakhu, Robyn Irvine, Esther Kiura, Christine Magaju, Cynthia McDougall, Gwiisihlgaa Daniel McNeill, Harini Nagendra, Tran Huu Nghi, Daniel K. Okamoto, Ana Maria Paez Valencia, Tim Pagella, Ondine Pontier, Miranda Post, Gary W. Saunders, Kate Schreckenberg, Karishma Shelar, Fergus Sinclair, Rajendra S. Gautam, Nathan B. Spindel, Hita Unnikrishnan, Gulxa Taaa Gaagii Ngaang Nadine Wilson, Leigh Winowiecki
Summary: The importance of considering human and social dimensions in ecosystem restoration is emphasized, with a set of ten people-centered rules proposed to achieve ecological and social goals. These rules provide actionable ways for stakeholders to center humans and social dimensions in restoration initiatives, aiming to generate fair and sustainable outcomes. The integration of socio-political issues throughout the restoration process is crucial for successful and impactful restoration efforts.
RESTORATION ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
John M. Huisman, Gary W. Saunders
Summary: Three new species of the red algal genus Asteromenia were described in this study, with one being a previously misidentified undescribed species and the other two from different islands. These new species showed morphological overlap and required accurate species recognition through DNA sequencing. The study highlights the importance of sequence analysis.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Trevor T. Bringloe, David P. Wilkinson, Jesica Goldsmit, Amanda M. Savoie, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Kathleen A. Macgregor, Kimberly L. Howland, Christopher W. McKindsey, Heroen Verbruggen
Summary: The Arctic is experiencing rapid warming, and marine forests formed by seaweeds are predicted to expand northward. However, the expansion of northern habitat cannot compensate for the losses at the southern range edge, resulting in an overall loss of habitat. The extent of marine forests within the Arctic basin is expected to remain stable, with some exceptions in certain areas.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Margaret M. Cassidy, Craig W. Schneider, Gary W. Saunders
Summary: Molecular studies of Dasya genus in Bermuda revealed two new species and reclassified known species. The study also uncovered the relationship between Dasya and Dasysiphonia.
JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Gary W. Saunders, Cody M. Brooks
Summary: By screening DNA from 285 coralline crusts in Canada and adjacent waters, the distribution range of Porphyra corallicola was found to be far beyond previous knowledge. In addition, it was found that other species also exist only in the Conchocelis stage. The further development of this method will facilitate the study of Conchocelis stages in nature, greatly enhancing ecological knowledge of bangialean species.