Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amrit Sudershan, Kanak Mahajan, Rakesh K. Panjaliya, Manoj K. Dhar, Parvinder Kumar
Summary: Sampling methods for studying population behavior are uncertain and require representative samples for generalization. Sample size greatly affects the detection of research effects, with smaller samples having lower statistical power and higher risk of missing underlying differences. This study provides a calculation method for determining sample availability during research.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel M. Goldenholz, Haoqi Sun, Wolfgang Ganglberger, M. Brandon Westover
Summary: Before integrating new machine learning into clinical practice, validation studies and sample size estimates are needed. Unlike hypothesis testing studies, the goal of validating predictive models is to obtain estimates of model performance. SSAML is an open-source method that provides a formal expectation of precision and accuracy for clinical validation studies of machine learning models.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
David Zurakowski, Steven J. Staffa
Summary: This article presents a method for performing sample size and power calculations in studies with time-to-event outcomes, and demonstrates the steps and statistical methods with clinical examples. Statistical power is essential for ensuring sufficient sample sizes in studies to detect treatment effects or group differences.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katharina T. Schmid, Barbara Hoellbacher, Cristiana Cruceanu, Anika Boettcher, Heiko Lickert, Elisabeth B. Binder, Fabian J. Theis, Matthias Heinig
Summary: The authors present a statistical framework for informed multi-sample experimental design in scRNASeq data to reduce unnecessary costs and maximize data utility. The study shows that shallow sequencing of high numbers of cells leads to higher overall power than deep sequencing of fewer cells. The model is implemented as an R package and accessible as a web tool.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Daniel H. Baker, Greta Vilidaite, Freya A. Lygo, Anika K. Smith, Tessa R. Flack, Andre D. Gouws, Timothy J. Andrews
Summary: When designing experimental studies, determining the number of trials and participants is crucial for statistical power. Research shows that the number of trials can have a significant impact on statistical power, especially when within-participant variance is large compared to between-participants variance.
PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Jong-Hee Chung, Yong-Bin Lim, Donghoh Kim
Summary: Determining the appropriate sample size in a balanced design of experiments is crucial for statistical inference. The R package BDEsize can compute the optimal sample size to detect a certain standardized effect size with a certain power level, and its diagnostic graphs provide information on the relationships between sample size, power, and detectable effect size, helping researchers identify effects sensitive to sample size and adjust accordingly.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Duncan T. Wilson, Richard Hooper, Julia Brown, Amanda J. Farrin, Rebecca E. A. Walwyn
Summary: The method proposes a general framework for solving simulation-based sample size determination problems with multiple design parameters and conflicting criteria to be minimized. It utilizes a global optimization algorithm and a non-parametric regression model to approximate the true underlying power function, making it flexible and applicable to a wide range of simulation-based power estimation problems.
STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Ben Maslen, Gordana Popovic, Michelle Lim, Ezequiel Marzinelli, David Warton
Summary: Sample size estimation through power analysis is crucial in ecological studies. A proposed power analysis procedure addresses challenges in multivariate abundance data collection by using a Gaussian copula model, assuming a common effect size across all taxa, and using a critical value approach to estimate power. This procedure was demonstrated on fish assemblage data and is available in the ecopower R software package.
METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah J. Peterson, Sharon Foley
Summary: Effect size, alpha level, power, and sample size are misunderstood concepts in research design and interpretation. Effect size represents the magnitude of a change, power represents the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis, and calculating sample size a priori is essential.
NUTRITION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Bo-Wen Guan, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Yuan-Qing Li, Shao-Yun Fu
Summary: According to literature and standards, the minimum sample size for friction testing of thermoplastics is usually 3-5. However, the applicability of this size for short fiber reinforced polymer composites with inhomogeneous structures is unclear. In this study, 100 friction samples of short carbon fiber reinforced polyetherimide (SCF/PEI) composites are prepared and their friction coefficients are measured. The results show good agreement with several mathematical distributions, and a method for determining the minimum sample size is proposed based on Monte Carlo Simulation.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tao Wang, Yongzhuang Liu, Quanwei Yin, Jiaquan Geng, Jin Chen, Xipeng Yin, Yongtian Wang, Xuequn Shang, Chunwei Tian, Yadong Wang, Jiajie Peng
Summary: QTL analyses of multiomic molecular traits play a significant role in inferring the functional effects of genome variants. However, limited study sample size restricts QTL discovery and leads to missing molecular trait-variant associations. This study presents xQTLImp, a computational framework, to efficiently impute missing molecular QTL associations. Experimental results demonstrate high imputation accuracy and novel QTL discovery ability of xQTLImp.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Samantha F. Anderson, Ken Kelley
Summary: Replication is central to scientific progress, and new approaches are needed to assess the success of replication studies beyond traditional dichotomous outcomes. Sample size planning is crucial for replication studies and should align with the specific goals and analysis methods.
PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Haroon Barakat, Osama Khaled, Hadeer Ghonem
Summary: This paper proposes an efficient point predictor method based on the distribution properties of order statistics, which is evaluated and compared through simulation studies and real survival dataset applications. One example predicts the cumulative new cases per million for infection of the new Coronavirus (COVID-19).
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Anna Hills, Mike M. Webster
Summary: This study examined the impact of sampling and experimental design decisions on test subject behavior under laboratory conditions. The results showed that factors such as time held in captivity, sampling location, and acclimation period had pronounced effects on subject behavior. Therefore, researchers should carefully consider these factors to ensure reliable and reproducible study outcomes.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Connor J. McCluskey, Manton J. Guers, Stephen C. Conlon
Summary: Extreme value statistics is a method for determining maximum design loads in extreme conditions, with accurate predictions requiring large sample sizes and small sample sizes leading to greater variation. The proposed method estimates minimum sample sizes by obtaining an acceptable variance for extreme value processes and is designed for use with various distribution behaviors.