Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kasra Taghikhani, Alexis Dubois, John R. Berger, Sandrine Ricote, Huayang Zhu, Robert J. Kee
Summary: This paper presents an extended Nernst-Planck computational model that couples charged-defect transport and stress in a tubular electrochemical cell with a ceramic proton-conducting membrane. The model predicts transient and steady-state defect concentrations, fluxes, and stresses within a thin BZY20 membrane, and can be used to predict the performance as a fuel cell or an electrolyzer depending on the polarization. A sensitivity analysis reveals the significance of thermodynamic and transport properties which are often not readily available.
Article
Energy & Fuels
K. Karuppasamy, Dhanasekaran Vikraman, Kyu-Won Jang, Seenu Ravi, Waqas Hassan Tanveer, Ranjith Bose, Maiyalagan Thandavarayan, Hyun-Seok Kim
Summary: This study demonstrates the synthesis of carbohydrate polymer phytagel based composite proton exchange membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. By loading different amounts of sulfamic acid, the proton conductivity of the membranes can be substantially improved without affecting other properties. The highest proton conductivity was achieved with 7 wt% sulfamic acid, showing excellent performance in single cell tests compared to other membranes at elevated temperature and high humidity conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Na Rae Kang, Thanh Huong Pham, Hannes Nederstedt, Patric Jannasch
Summary: Phosphonated aromatic polymers functionalized with highly acidic perfluorophenylphosphonic acid show high conductivity, efficient ionic clustering, excellent proton conductivity, and outstanding thermal stability, making them attractive for applications in catalyst layers and proton exchange membranes.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Sara Paydar, Bin Zhu, Jing Shi, Nabeela Akbar, Quazi Arif Islam, Sining Yun, Akbar Muhammad, Mohammad Hossein Paydar, Yan Wu
Summary: Proton conducting ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) are getting more attention due to their lower operating temperatures (<600 degrees C) and affordable ionic conductivity. CeO2 nanosheets mainly exposed to the (111) plane exhibit super proton conductivity and maximum power density. The difference in Ce3+/Ce4+ ratios and oxygen vacancies on the surface play key roles in proton transport. The theoretical calculation shows that protons move more easily on the CeO2 (111) facet with smaller binding energy and lower energy barrier for H-O formation, leading to superior proton conduction for the nanosheet morphology over nanoparticles.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Galina F. Prozorova, Alexander S. Pozdnyakov
Summary: In this article, a comparative analysis was conducted on the physicochemical, dielectric, and proton-conducting properties of composite polymer materials based on 1H-1,2,4-triazole. The results showed that 1H-1,2,4-triazole and its homopolymers and copolymers have promising potential for the development of proton-conducting fuel cell membranes. These materials improve the characteristics of electrolyte membranes, enhance their film-forming ability, increase thermal and electrochemical stability, and provide high ionic conductivity under anhydrous conditions at high temperatures.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ewald Weichselbaum, Timur Galimzyanov, Oleg V. Batishchev, Sergey A. Akimov, Peter Pohl
Summary: A study found that proton relay between interfacial water molecules enables rapid two-dimensional diffusion. The mechanism regulating Delta G(r)(double dagger;) has been unclear, but this study shows that introducing net-positive charges decreases Delta G(r)(H)(double dagger;), while net-negative charges increase it, with Delta G(r)(double dagger;) remaining constant.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yonghong Wang, Yi Zhou, Xinru Zhang, Yin Gao, Jinping Li
Summary: By incorporating microporous sodium zeoliteY (NaY) into sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK), mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) for CO2/N2 separation were successfully engineered with improved gas separation properties. The even distribution of NaY particles in the SPEEK matrix forming nanochannels enhanced CO2 permeability and selectivity, leading to superior separation performance compared to pristine SPEEK membranes.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
T. Miruszewski, K. Dzierzgowski, P. Winiarz, D. Jaworski, K. Wiciak-Pawlowska, W. Skubida, S. Wachowski, A. Mielewczyk-Gryn, M. Gazda
Summary: In this study, BaxSr1-xTi1-yFeyO3-delta perovskite-based mixed conducting ceramics were synthesized and analyzed through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed the influence of barium cations on charge transport, with total conductivity values ranging from 10(-3) to 10(0) S cm(-1) at 600 degrees C. Thermogravimetric measurements also indicated the presence of proton defects in some materials.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jin Goo Lee, Aaron B. Naden, Cristian D. Savaniu, Paul A. Connor, Julia L. Payne, Jonathan M. Skelton, Alexandra S. Gibbs, Jianing Hui, Stephen C. Parker, John T. S. Irvine
Summary: This study shows an enhanced proton conductivity of defective calcium titanate Ca0.92TiO2.84(OH)(0.16) prepared by replacing lattice oxygens with hydroxyl groups via a solvothermal route, exhibiting a bulk conductivity one order of magnitude higher than hydrated stoichiometric CaTiO3. Additionally, replacement of Ca2+ by Ni2+ in the Ca1-xTi1O3-2x(OH)(2)(x) is demonstrated, leading to the exsolution of metallic Ni nanoparticles along orthorhombic crystal planes upon reduction. These results suggest a new strategy for targeted energy applications by tailoring defect chemistry through hydration or cation doping followed by exsolution.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
In -Ho Kim, Dae-Kwang Lim, Yeon Namgung, Hohan Bae, Jun-Young Park, Sun-Ju Song
Summary: In this study, the electrochemical and transport properties of a perovskite-type proton conductor BZCYYb5311 were evaluated. The material showed high proton conductivity and exceptional chemical stability. It exhibited a proton conductivity of 98% compared to ionic conductivity at 600°C. The maximum power density in fuel cell mode and current density in electrolysis mode were calculated, indicating the potential of BZCYYb5311 as a fuel cell material.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Runzhi Qin, Shouxiang Ding, Chenxin Hou, Lele Liu, Yuetao Wang, Wenguang Zhao, Lu Yao, Yuanlong Shao, Ruqiang Zou, Qinghe Zhao, Shunning Li, Feng Pan
Summary: Through studying the spinel ZnMn2O4 cathode, it is revealed that the deficiency of Zn ions in nonstoichiometric samples can enhance the specific capacity at high rates, mainly contributed by proton storage. Moreover, the motion restriction of Zn ions in the spinel phase provides the material with high structural stability, preventing the recombination of external Zn ions with Zn vacant sites that easily accommodate protons. This work highlights the importance of controlled off-stoichiometry in optimizing proton transport and storage for aqueous batteries.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Omed Gh Abdullah, Yahya A. K. Salman, Dana A. Tahir, Gelas M. Jamal, Hawzhin T. Ahmed, Azhin H. Mohamad, Auday K. Azawy
Summary: Proton conducting nanocomposite solid polymer electrolytes based on PVA/NH4NO3 and different contents of ZnO-NPs were prepared using the casting solution method. The sample with 2 wt.% ZnO-NPs showed high amorphous content and lower bulk resistance, leading to significantly enhanced proton conduction. The increase in ionic conductivity was attributed to the higher number and mobility of proton ions in the presence of ZnO-NPs.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Lin Chen, Yongwen Ren, Faying Fan, Tianyuan Wu, Zhe Wang, Yaojian Zhang, Jingwen Zhao, Guanglei Cui
Summary: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are promising electrochemical energy conversion systems with high power density and minimal pollution. However, developing proton exchange membranes with satisfactory properties and competitive prices for commercialization remains a critical challenge. Constructing nanoscale artificial frameworks in PEMs contributes to the formation of proton transport channels. Yet, there is still a lack of adequate summary on this topic.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shaoxiong Zhai, Xiaoyang Jia, Zhongrui Lu, Yuna Ai, Xin Liu, Jun Lin, Shaojian He, Qian Wang, Lin Chen
Summary: In this study, a proton exchange membrane with high proton conductivity and low vanadium ion permeability was successfully prepared, leading to improved performance of vanadium redox flow batteries.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chunyang Fan, Hong Wu, Jingyuan Guan, Xinda You, Chao Yang, Xiaoyao Wang, Li Cao, Benbing Shi, Quan Peng, Yan Kong, Yingzhen Wu, Niaz Ali Khan, Zhongyi Jiang
Summary: The transformation from amorphous polymeric membrane to crystalline COF membrane via monomer exchange allows for improved proton conductivity. The addition of intramolecular hydrogen bonds helps the crystalline COF maintain the morphology of the amorphous membrane.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Anyka M. Bergeson-Keller, Michael D. Sanders, Ryan P. O'Hayre
Summary: This study compared the effects of different compositions of Sr1-xCexMnO3 and CexSr(2-x)MnO(4) on solar thermochemical hydrogen production through experiments and thermodynamic analysis. Experimental results showed that the SCM family produced slightly more hydrogen per mole of oxide compared to the CSM family under similar conditions, but a direct correlation between structure, cerium content, and water-splitting capacity could not be determined.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Canan Karakaya, Jake Huang, Christopher Cadigan, Adam Welch, Jonathan Kintner, Joseph Beach, Huayang Zhu, Ryan O'Hayre, Robert J. Kee
Summary: This study documents the development and performance of a nano-phase Ru catalyst on a (BaO)(2)(CaO)(Al2O3) support, with a detailed 12-step reaction mechanism for ammonia synthesis validated using packed-bed experiments. Important coverage-dependent activation barriers and catalyst-support interactions are discussed for optimizing reactor design and operating conditions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Samantha L. Millican, Ann M. Deml, Meagan Papac, Andriy Zakutayev, Ryan O'Hayre, Aaron M. Holder, Charles B. Musgrave, Vladan Stevanovic
Summary: This paper presents a new method for accurately predicting defect concentrations in complex oxides, taking into account atomic and magnetic disorder as well as effects beyond the dilute defect limit. Using this method, the predicted defect concentrations are in good agreement with experimental values.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sandrine Ricote, Robert J. Kee, William G. Coors
Summary: Slip casting was used to prepare BCZY-NiO tubes with different diameters for use as hydrogen electrodes. The study found that the sintered BCZY layer adhered well to the support layer, and gas tightness was achieved through a sealing layer. Short tubes were found to have advantages in reactor design.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jun Zhang, Sandrine Ricote, Peter Vang Hendriksen, Yunzhong Chen
Summary: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are efficient electrochemical energy conversion devices that have the potential to become low cost. However, their high operating temperatures have hindered their widespread commercialization. This review summarizes the recent progress in developing materials to lower the operating temperature of SOFCs and discusses the new opportunities and challenges. The focus is on thin film SOFCs, sub-micrometer SOFCs based on microelectromechanical systems, and devices based on proton-conducting oxide electrolyte.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Robert J. Kee, Sandrine Ricote, Huayang Zhu, Robert J. Braun, George Carins, Joshua E. Persky
Summary: Proton-conducting ceramics play a crucial role in intermediate-temperature fuel cells, electrolyzers, and membrane reactors. Despite being primarily proton conductors, these materials also exhibit mixed ionic-electronic conduction. This paper focuses on steam-electrolysis applications using tubular cell configurations and discusses the scale-up considerations from laboratory demonstrations to deployable technology.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chuan Zhou, Dongliang Liu, Meijuan Fei, Xixi Wang, Ran Ran, Meigui Xu, Wei Wang, Wei Zhou, Ryan O'Hayre, Zongping Shao
Summary: In this study, the balance between hydration reaction and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) over protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) cathode is optimized by controlling the air flow rate. Different cathode materials show different optimal performance under various operating conditions. The study provides important insights into the environmental demands of PCFC cathodes during operation and offers useful guidance for further performance optimization.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yasir Arafat, Muhammad Rizwan Azhar, Yijun Zhong, Ryan O'Hayre, Moses O. Tade, Zongping Shao
Summary: This study presents a method of in situ exsolution of CoFe nanoalloys on the surface of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) perovskite under a N-2 atmosphere, facilitated by organic ligands. The resulting BSCF/CoFe electrode exhibits enhanced electrochemical bi-functional performance, making it a promising candidate for air electrodes in zinc-air batteries.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Meagan C. C. Papac, Jake Huang, Andriy Zakutayev, Ryan O'Hayre
Summary: Through combinatorial experimental methods and multidimensional Bayesian analysis, the dependency of triple ionic-electronic conducting oxides (TIECs) on chemical composition and environmental conditions in high-temperature electrochemical applications is investigated. The study reveals that Co-rich compositions achieve the lowest overall polarization resistance, while Fe substitution may increase polarization resistance. This work provides a map of electronic properties of TIEC materials under relevant conditions, and demonstrates a unique approach to studying TIECs combining combinatorial experiments and Bayesian analysis.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shiqing Hu, Bingjie Pang, Liming Zhang, Zhongwei Cao, Peng Zhang, Yunjie Ding, Ryan O'Hayre, Xuefeng Zhu, Weishen Yang
Summary: Preventing Ni oxidation and carbon deposition in CO2 electrolysis is a critical challenge for solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). This study reveals that the Nernst voltage, in relation to the operating voltage, controls these reactions and enables the establishment of a reaction phase diagram. The successful demonstration of pure CO2 electrolysis without Ni oxidation and carbon deposition is achieved in Ni-based cathode supported SOECs.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Jake Huang, Neal P. Sullivan, Andriy Zakutayev, Ryan O'Hayre
Summary: The distribution of relaxation times (DRT) is a versatile method for analyzing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data from complex devices. It does not require a generative model, making it useful when the system's governing principles are not fully understood. However, DRT estimation is an ill-posed problem that relies on subjective choices of regularization and tuning, leading to the risk of misleading interpretations of the data.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sandrine Ricote, William Grover Coors
Summary: This paper describes the fabrication of kaolinite spherical bulbs and their potential applications in hydrocarbon steam reforming. The bisque-fired parts exhibit submicron porosity with plate-like grains and channels. After nickel infiltration, nanosized Ni particles cover the channels' surfaces, resulting in improved permeation properties. Permeation tests conducted at elevated temperatures and pressure gradients showed promising flux values.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xuhao Liu, Zilin Yan, Junwei Wu, Jake Huang, Yifeng Zheng, Neal P. Sullivan, Ryan O'Hayre, Zheng Zhong, Zehua Pan
Summary: A deep-learning-based framework is proposed to predict the impedance response and underlying electrochemical behavior of reversible protonic ceramic cells. Electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) were used to train an artificial neural network (ANN) model, and the predicted EIS data were compared to the experimental data to assess the accuracy. The study shows that the ANN model can effectively predict both the EIS and the distribution of relaxation times (DRT) of complex electrochemical systems.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Daniel R. Clark, David R. Diercks, Sandrine Ricote, Tania Tauer Dearden, Neal P. Sullivan, J. Will Medlin, Brian P. Gorman, Ryan P. O'Hayre
Summary: This study characterizes the grain boundary (GB) chemistry of BZY10 samples prepared by four different methods using laser-pulsed atom probe tomography (APT). Oxygen depletion and varying segregation/depletion behaviors of cation constituents were observed at the GBs. Common impurities such as Al, Fe, Mg, Si, and Sr were also found to accumulate at the GBs. The study reveals the complexity of BZY10 GB chemistry and the unexpected differences in GB chemistry between adjacent boundaries.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yewon Shin, You-dong Kim, Michael Sanders, Steven P. Harvey, Michael Walker, Ryan O'Hayre
Summary: The electrochemical performance of BCFZY compositions with varying Co/Fe ratio was evaluated, and it was found that Co-rich compositions exhibited the highest performance and a lower and more linear thermal expansion behavior compared to Fe-rich compositions.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2022)
