Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anette Varbo, Borge G. Nordestgaard
Summary: The study found that high directly measured remnant cholesterol is associated with increased risk of ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. Directly measured remnant cholesterol is superior to calculated remnant cholesterol in identifying individuals at increased risk.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anette Varbo, Borge G. Nordestgaard
Summary: This study found that high directly measured remnant cholesterol is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and direct measurement of remnant cholesterol is superior in identifying individuals at increased risk compared to calculated remnant cholesterol.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Takahito Doi, Anne Langsted, Borge G. Nordestgaard
Summary: The study examined whether elevated remnant cholesterol could appropriately reclassify individuals who later experienced myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease, and found that the addition of elevated remnant cholesterol levels significantly improved the risk prediction for these conditions.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Barak Zafrir, Razi Khoury, Walid Saliba
Summary: This study investigated the association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and the risk for myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with coronary artery disease, and compared its predictive value with non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C). The results showed that elevated RC level was associated with a higher risk for MI, and when RC and non-HDL-C levels were discordant, RC better reflected the risk for MI.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Aleesha Shaik, Robert S. Rosenson
Summary: Even with aggressive lowering of LDL-C, there is still a residual risk of CVD. High triglycerides have been associated with increased CVD risk independently of LDL-C. New genetics-guided pharmacotherapies have been developed to reduce levels of triglycerides and TGRLs in order to reduce the risk of CVD.
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ronald M. Krauss, Sarah M. King
Summary: Intravascular catabolism of chylomicrons and VLDLs produces partially lipolyzed remnant particles, which are influenced by lipases, lipid transfer proteins, and exchangeable lipoproteins. ApoE and apoCIII play important roles in the binding, uptake, and retardation of remnants. Cholesterol-enriched remnant particles have been significantly associated with the incidence of ASCVD, especially in dyslipidemic patients with apoE2 isoform. Further research is needed to develop clinical assays capturing the pathologic impact of remnant lipoprotein subspecies and test the effect of therapies reducing their levels on ASCVD.
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Selin Bilgic, Alan T. Remaley, Allan D. Sniderman
Summary: The contribution of triglyceride-rich apoB lipoprotein particles (TRL) to cardiovascular risk remains controversial. Recent research suggests that the risk associated with TRL cholesterol is greater, and independent of, the risk associated with apoB. However, these findings are inconsistent with other evidence. This study provides a better understanding of the determinants of cholesterol content in TRL apoB particles and the complex processing of cholesterol among plasma lipoproteins.
CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Radu Sascau, Alexandra Clement, Rodica Radu, Cristina Prisacariu, Cristian Statescu
Summary: While targeting elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol has been the main focus of atherosclerosis prevention and treatment for decades, the relationship between hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis remains controversial. Recent studies suggest a complex interplay between triglycerides and atherosclerosis, warranting further research.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Henry N. Ginsberg, Chris J. Packard, M. John Chapman, Jan Boren, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Maurizio Averna, Brian A. Ference, Daniel Gaudet, Robert A. Hegele, Sander Kersten, Gary F. Lewis, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Philippe Moulin, Borge G. Nordestgaard, Alan T. Remaley, Bart Staels, Erik S. G. Stroes, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Lale S. Tokgozoglu, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, Jane K. Stock, Alberico L. Catapano
Summary: Recent research supports a causal association between triglycerides, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and their remnants with cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the importance of focusing on their impact on heart health. Targeting levels of triglycerides and their remnants may potentially reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Henry N. Ginsberg, Chris J. Packard, M. John Chapman, Jan Boren, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Maurizio Averna, Brian A. Ference, Daniel Gaudet, Robert A. Hegele, Sander Kersten, Gary F. Lewis, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Philippe Moulin, Borge G. Nordestgaard, Alan T. Remaley, Bart Staels, Erik S. G. Stroes, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Lale S. Tokgozoglu, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, Jane K. Stock, Alberico L. Catapano
Summary: This article reviews the impact of triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins on cardiovascular disease risk, emphasizing that reducing levels of TRL and their remnants can help reduce the risk of ASCVD.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xin Guo, Zhijie Huang, Jin Chen, Jiarui Hu, Die Hu, Daoquan Peng, Bilian Yu
Summary: This study analyzed the dynamic alterations in lipid profiles of CAD patients after meals, revealing a significant increase in post-prandial TG levels and a decrease in HDL free cholesterol. The study also found that CAD patients with exaggerated TG response to diet had different fasting and post-prandial serum ANGPTL3 levels, indicating a potential role of ANGPTL3 in regulating post-prandial responses of TG, remnant cholesterol, and HDL free cholesterol.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Juan Moreno-Vedia, Roser Rosales, Enrique Ozcariz, Didac Llop, Maribel Lahuerta, Maria Benavent, Ricardo Rodriguez-Calvo, Nuria Plana, Angels Pedragosa, Lluis Masana, Antoni Castro, Daiana Ibarretxe, Josefa Girona
Summary: This study used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to investigate the relationship between triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and acute-phase glycoprotein profiles with fatty liver in patients with metabolic diseases. The study found a strong positive correlation between triglyceride-rich lipoprotein concentrations and acute-phase glycoproteins, as well as liver function-related proteins. The results also showed that baseline triglyceride-rich lipoprotein numbers and glycoprotein levels were associated with the development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease during a 10-year follow-up period.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Ewa Wieczorek, Agnieszka Cwiklinska, Maciej Jankowski
Summary: Epidemiological and clinical studies have shown a causal association between serum triglyceride levels and the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Laboratory parameters reflecting triglyceride content are recommended for routine lipid analysis and risk assessment. In addition to triglycerides and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, there are other biomarkers related to triglyceride metabolism.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ji Hye Huh, Kyung-do Han, Yun Kyung Cho, Eun Roh, Jun Goo Kang, Seong Jin Lee, Sung-Hee Ihm
Summary: This study investigated the association between remnant cholesterol concentrations and cardiovascular disease risk in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that remnant cholesterol was associated with cardiovascular disease, independent of LDL cholesterol levels or other conventional risk factors.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Elias Bjornson, Martin Adiels, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Stephen Burgess, Aidin Rawshani, Jan Boren, Chris J. Packard
Summary: In this study, the association between triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and coronary heart disease (CHD) was investigated using population data from the UK Biobank. The results suggest that TRL/remnant cholesterol has a stronger and independent association with CHD compared to LDL cholesterol. Moreover, different genetic clusters impact TRL/remnants and LDL differentially, with TRL/remnants exhibiting a higher atherogenicity per particle than LDL.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Matthew F. Blum, Jingsha Chen, Aditya Surapaneni, Stephen T. Turner, Christie M. Ballantyne, Paul A. Welling, Anna Koettgen, Josef Coresh, Deidra C. Crews, Morgan E. Grams
Summary: This study investigated the association of renin with adverse kidney outcomes and compared different measurement strategies. The results showed that renin levels measured by SomaScan modified nucleotide aptamer assay were predictive of chronic kidney disease, end-stage kidney disease, and mortality. The SomaScan measurement was moderately correlated with plasma renin activity and highly correlated with renin level from Olink.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Donghai Wen, Linda Zhou, Zihe Zheng, Aditya Surapaneni, Christie M. Ballantyne, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Michael G. Shlipak, Sushrut S. Waikar, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Paul L. Kimmel, Ruth F. Dubin, Rajat Deo, Harold I. Feldman, Peter Ganz, Josef Coresh, Morgan E. Grams, Eugene P. Rhee
Summary: Testican-2, a protein released into circulation by the kidneys, is positively correlated with eGFR and eGFR slope. However, it is unknown whether higher testican-2 levels are associated with lower risk of ESKD.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Seyedmohammad Saadatagah, Christie M. Ballantyne
Summary: Age is a crucial risk factor for cardiovascular disease, as genetic mutations occur with aging, leading to somatic mosaicism. Clonal hematopoiesis resulting from somatic mutations, known as CHIP, has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent advances in exome-sequencing projects have enabled the study of CHIP frequency, gene-specific analyses, and potential therapeutic implications for preventing cardiovascular disease.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mini G. Varughese, Matthew R. Deshotels, Lilei Zhang, Christie M. Ballantyne
Summary: A 20-year-old male presented with severe elevation in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and was initially tested negative for familial hypercholesterolemia. Further genetic testing revealed homozygous variants in the ALB gene, indicating congenital analbuminemia (CAA) as the cause of severe hyperlipidemia. CAA is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with a frequency of about 1:1,000,000. Pathological variants in the ALB gene disrupt albumin synthesis and can lead to gross hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia. Early diagnosis through genetic examination is crucial for initiating lipid-lowering treatments and preventing premature coronary artery disease.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Bruno Bohn, Pamela L. Lutsey, Weihong Tang, James S. Pankow, Faye L. Norby, Bing Yu, Christie M. Ballantyne, Eric A. Whitsel, Kunihiro Matsushita, Ryan T. Demmer
Summary: This study compared the proteome of statin users and nonusers and found differences in proteins unrelated to lipid metabolism. Further investigation into these differences may help elucidate the pleiotropic effects of statins.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Salim S. S. Virani, David J. J. Ramsey, Dax Westerman, Mark K. K. Kuebeler, Liang Chen, Julia M. M. Akeroyd, Glenn T. T. Gobbel, Christie M. M. Ballantyne, Laura A. A. Petersen, Alexander Turchin, Michael E. E. Matheny
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yiyi Zhang, Jacqueline S. Dron, Brandon K. Bellows, Amit V. Khera, Junxiu Liu, Pallavi P. Balte, Elizabeth C. Oelsner, Sami Samir Amr, Matthew S. Lebo, Anna Nagy, Gina M. Peloso, Pradeep Natarajan, Jerome I. Rotter, Cristen Willer, Eric Boerwinkle, Christie M. Ballantyne, Pamela L. Lutsey, Myriam Fornage, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Lifang Hou, Bruce M. Psaty, Joshua C. Bis, James S. Floyd, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Nancy L. Heard-Costa, April P. Carson, Michael E. Hall, Stephen S. Rich, Xiuqing Guo, Dhruv S. Kazi, Sarah D. de Ferranti, Andrew E. Moran
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nicolas Girerd, Daniel Levy, Kevin Duarte, Joao Pedro Ferreira, Christie Ballantyne, Timothy Collier, Anne Pizard, Jens Bjoerkman, Javed Butler, Andrew Clark, John G. Cleland, Christian Delles, Javier Diez, Arantxa Gonzalez, Mark Hazebroek, Jennifer Ho, Anne-Cecile Huby, Shih-Jen Hwang, Roberto Latini, Beatrice Mariottoni, Alexandre Mebazaa, Pierpaolo Pellicori, Naveed Sattar, Peter Sever, Jan A. Staessen, Job Verdonschot, Stephane Heymans, Patrick Rossignol, Faiez Zannad
Summary: This study identified protein biomarkers associated with new-onset heart failure in three independent cohorts. The inclusion of these biomarkers in addition to clinical risk factors improved the prediction of heart failure risk. The B-type natriuretic peptide and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were found to be particularly relevant in predicting heart failure.
CIRCULATION-HEART FAILURE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Suzanne V. Arnold, James A. de Lemos, Luke Zheng, Robert S. Rosenson, Christie M. Ballantyne, Shushama Alam, Deepak L. Bhatt, Christopher P. Cannon, Mikhail Kosiborod, GOULD Investigators
Summary: The study aimed to examine the improvement in the use of optimal medical therapy (OMT) for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and diabetes. The study found that the use of secondary prevention in US patients with ASCVD and diabetes was suboptimal, with minimal improvement over time.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xiaoming Jia, Leo Buckley, Caroline Sun, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Bing Yu, Vijay Nambi, Salim S. Virani, Elizabeth Selvin, Kunihiro Matsushita, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Josef Coresh, Amil M. Shah, Christie M. Ballantyne
Summary: Higher levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-18 in older adults are associated with an increased risk of global cardiovascular disease (including coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure) and death. The association between interleukin-6 and global cardiovascular disease is stronger than that for interleukin-18, and remains significant even after adjustments for other biomarkers.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Lena Mathews, Xiao Hu, Ning Ding, Junichi Ishigami, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Ron C. C. Hoogeveen, Josef Coresh, Christie M. M. Ballantyne, Elizabeth Selvin, Kunihiro Matsushita
Summary: A study on 9205 participants from the ARIC study found that higher levels of GDF15 protein were associated with bleeding events and improved the prediction of bleeding risk in individuals without cardiovascular disease.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Marina Cuchel, Paul C. Lee, Lisa C. Hudgins, P. Barton Duell, Zahid Ahmad, Seth J. Baum, MacRae F. Linton, Sarah D. de Ferranti, Christie M. Ballantyne, John A. Larry, Linda C. Hemphill, Iris Kindt, Samuel S. Gidding, Seth S. Martin, Patrick M. Moriarty, Paul P. Thompson, James A. Underberg, John R. Guyton, Rolf L. Andersen, David J. Whellan, Irwin Benuck, John P. Kane, Kelly Myers, William Howard, David Staszak, Allison Jamison, Mary C. Card, Mafalda Bourbon, Joana R. Chora, Daniel J. Rader, Joshua W. Knowles, Katherine Wilemon, Mary P. McGowan
Summary: This study investigated the diagnosis and treatment of HoFH in the United States and found a low diagnosis rate and low treatment rate, highlighting the need for enhanced screening and treatment to reduce the burden of the disease.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Brian Olshansky, Deepak L. L. Bhatt, Michael Miller, Ph. Gabriel Steg, Eliot A. A. Brinton, Terry A. A. Jacobson, Steven B. B. Ketchum, Ralph T. T. Doyle Jr, Rebecca A. A. Juliano, Lixia Jiao, Peter R. R. Kowey, James A. A. Reiffel, Jean-Claude Tardif, Christie M. M. Ballantyne, Mina K. K. Chung
Summary: In the REDUCE-IT study, icosapent ethyl (IPE) reduced cardiovascular events but was associated with increased atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter (AF) hospitalization. The study analyzed the relationships between IPE and outcomes in patients with or without prior AF and with or without in-study AF hospitalization. Overall, in-study AF hospitalization rates were higher in patients with prior AF, especially in those randomized to IPE. Serious bleeding rates also trended higher in these patients. However, patients with prior AF or in-study AF hospitalization showed consistent risk reductions in cardiovascular events with IPE.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amir S. Heravi, Di Zhao, Erin D. Michos, Henrique Doria De Vasconcellos, Bharath Ambale-Venkatesh, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Pamela J. Schreiner, Jared P. Reis, James M. Shikany, Cora E. Lewis, Chiadi E. Ndumele, Eliseo Guallar, Pamela Ouyang, Ron C. Hoogeveen, Joao A. C. Lima, Wendy S. Post, Dhananjay Vaidya
Summary: This study investigated the association between oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases, finding that female individuals had higher levels of oxidative stress. Furthermore, factors such as higher body mass index, lipid levels, smoking, and lack of physical activity were also associated with higher oxidative stress. This suggests that oxidative stress may play an important role in cardiovascular diseases.