Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Meng Wang, Wenchao Gao, Fengren Cao, Liang Li
Summary: This study reports a new method to obtain highly crystalline perovskite films by adding ethylamine iodide and proposes a novel working mechanism for alkyl amine additives in the perovskite crystallization process. The results indicate that the additive affects the solid-state transition process from the intermediate phase to the final phase.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yixiang Jiang, Sha Liu, Gaofei Tian, Hayden Jit Hei Cheung, Xin Li, Xiang David Li
Summary: The new synthesis method significantly reduced the time required for the preparation of YEATS domain-selective cyclopeptide inhibitors and led to a higher overall yield. Furthermore, the new synthetic route allowed further derivatisation of the cyclopeptides with various functional modules, including conjugation with cell-penetrating peptide.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuming Jin, Qinsheng He, Gaozhan Liu, Zhi Gu, Ming Wu, Tianyu Sun, Zhihua Zhang, Liangfeng Huang, Xiayin Yao
Summary: In this study, Li10GeP2S12 is fluorinated to form a LiF-coated solid electrolyte LiF@Li10GeP2S12, which shows superior moisture stability and lower electronic conductivity. The LiF shell can reduce H2O adsorption and PS43- dissociation in Li10GeP2S12, resulting in improved moisture resistance. Additionally, the LiF shell can suppress lithium dendrite growth and reduce side reactions, leading to higher critical current density and better battery performance.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Wenqi Zhu, C. Reichhardt, C. J. O. Reichhardt, Yan Feng
Summary: This study investigates the directional depinning dynamics of a two-dimensional dusty plasma solid modulated by a two-dimensional square periodic substrate. The results show the presence of prominent directional locking effects when the direction of the external driving force is close to the symmetry direction of the substrate. Different dynamical flow patterns and structures are observed during the locking steps. Additionally, moving ordered states are observed between adjacent locking steps.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Derek R. Eitzmann, Marcelino Varona, Jared L. Anderson
Summary: Nucleic acid analysis plays a crucial role in the COVID-19 global health crisis. This study develops a sample preparation method that reduces DNA isolation time and increases downstream analysis sensitivity. The functionalized planar supports modified with a polymeric ionic liquid sorbent coating show high DNA affinity, reproducibility, and reusability. The TFME devices achieve higher preconcentration factors and DNA recoveries compared to SPME devices, resulting in improved detection of SARS-CoV-2.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhonghui Gao, Yang Bai, Haoyu Fu, Jiayi Yang, Thimo Ferber, Junrun Feng, Wolfram Jaegermann, Yunhui Huang
Summary: Garnet-based solid-state electrolyte Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTaO) is a potential candidate for all-solid-state batteries. However, the interface issues between LLZTaO and Li electrode restrict the power density. In this study, XPS interface approach, electrochemical cycling, and electrochemically coupled phase field model were used to investigate the dynamic changes of interfacial resistance during cycling. The results showed that the generation rate of interphase at LLZTaO/Li interface depends on the applied current density.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Optics
John McCarthy, Diarmuid Osullivan, Maryam Shayesteh, Mohamad Dernaika, Frank H. Peters, Bryan Kelleher
Summary: A tunable comb source is created by gain switching a three-sectioned photonic integrated circuit. The circuit consists of two mutually coupled lasers connected by a passive waveguide. Frequency combs are generated by gain switching the Fabry-Perot laser, resulting in line spacings ranging from 3.5 to 8 GHz. Despite the lack of on-chip optical isolation, the combs remain stable due to the short delay times inherent to on-chip integration, as revealed by numerical simulations using a delay-differential model.
Article
Physics, Applied
Robin Klause, Axel Hoffmann
Summary: Materials with large spin-orbit interactions can generate pure spin currents with spin polarizations parallel to the interfacial surfaces, resulting in conventional spin-orbit torques. Non-collinear antiferromagnets can break additional symmetry and generate exotic spin-orbit torques with spin polarizations perpendicular to the interfacial planes. Through micromagnetic simulations, it has been found that these exotic spin-orbit torques can generate magnetic droplet solitions in out-of-plane magnetized geometries.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Hong Yan, Fen-Er Chen
Summary: This review highlights the recent progress in solid-phase total synthesis of naturally occurring small peptides from 2014 to July 2021, which not only aids in the identification of peptide structures and synthesis of analogues, but also simplifies the isolation of intermediates.
ADVANCED SYNTHESIS & CATALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Yuji Nakagawa, Masayuki Takagishi, Naoyuki Narita, Tazumi Nagasawa, Gaku Koizumi, Wenyu Chen, Shohei Kawasaki, Tetsuya Roppongi, Akihiko Takeo, Tomoyuki Maeda
Summary: This study demonstrates the coupled out-of-plane oscillation between two oscillation layers within a spin-torque oscillator (STO). The characteristics of the coupled oscillation state and its degradation due to the mixing of the free oscillation state depending on the bias current are analyzed. The behaviors are described analytically and reproduced numerically based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The coupled oscillation state and the subsequent microwave magnetic field can be applied for microwave-assisted magnetic recording for high-density recording as STOs are fabricated in the write head of a hard disk drive.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zumin Guo, Yuepeng Pang, Shuixin Xia, Fen Xu, Junhe Yang, Lixian Sun, Shiyou Zheng
Summary: Rational structure design leads to the development of a novel CSE membrane with high Li-ion conductivity and excellent dendrite suppression capability, attributed to the uniform LLZO dispersion in PEO-LiTFSI and the vertical/horizontal anisotropic Li-ion conduction in the CSE.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander J. Gillett, Claire Tonnele, Giacomo Londi, Gaetano Ricci, Manon Catherin, Darcy M. L. Unson, David Casanova, Frederic Castet, Yoann Olivier, Weimin M. Chen, Elena Zaborova, Emrys W. Evans, Bluebell H. Drummond, Patrick J. Conaghan, Lin-Song Cui, Neil C. Greenham, Yuttapoom Puttisong, Frederic Fages, David Beljonne, Richard H. Friend
Summary: The study shows that access to inter-CT states in BF2, even at low doping concentrations of 4 wt%, resolves the conflicting requirements of fast radiative emission and low Delta E-ST in organic DF emitters.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Xiaodong Huang, Yuqing Sun, Zhenmin Zhao, Sein Chung, Kilwon Cho, Zhipeng Kan
Summary: All-polymer solar cells have gained significant research interest due to their excellent morphological stabilities, stretchability, and mechanical durability. However, optimizing the phase segregation of all-polymer bulk heterojunctions remains challenging, resulting in limited power conversion efficiency. This study focuses on donor-acceptor phase segregation in an all-polymer active layer by introducing volatile solid additives, specifically 1,3-dibromo-5-chlorobenzene (DBCl). By effectively tuning the miscibility between polymers, the treated devices show improved charge transport and collection, leading to a champion device efficiency of 16.5%.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miguel Romera, Philippe Talatchian, Sumito Tsunegi, Kay Yakushiji, Akio Fukushima, Hitoshi Kubota, Shinji Yuasa, Vincent Cros, Paolo Bortolotti, Maxence Ernoult, Damien Querlioz, Julie Grollier
Summary: The study demonstrates the potential of spin-torque nano-oscillators in neuromorphic computing by showing their ability to mutually synchronize and recognize temporal patterns, similar to neurons. This research is important for the construction of neural networks that perform brain-inspired computations by utilizing the non-linear dynamic properties of their components.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Bin Wang, Honglong Fang, Weiping Zhu, Yufang Xu, Yangyang Yang, Xuhong Qian
Summary: This study presents a new single-component dynamic compartmentalization system based on peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates (POCs), which can undergo thermoreversible phase transition between a nanovesicle and a microdroplet. The phase transition temperature can be controlled by adjusting parameters such as concentration, length, base sequences, and salt. This system has the capability to enrich various functional molecules and regulate chemical activities under different-scaled confinement effects.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Tom Dale, Michael R. Bedford, Gregory A. Tucker, John M. Brameld, Tim Parr
Summary: This study found that fibrolytic enzymes have some specificity for certain cereals in terms of the degradation products and generation of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and monosaccharides. Optimizing enzyme combinations based on cereal types may help maximize feed efficiency in livestock.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Tom Dale, Michael R. Bedford, Julie King, Gregory A. Tucker, John M. Brameld, Tim Parr
Summary: This study investigated the efficacy of different enzyme-wheat variety combinations and found that fibrolytic enzymes have different effects on various wheat varieties. These findings suggest the possibility of optimizing the combination of wheat variety and enzyme in animal feeds to improve feed efficiency in livestock.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. S. David, M. R. Abdollahi, M. R. Bedford, V. Ravindran
Summary: An experiment was conducted to determine the digestible calcium and phosphorus requirements of broiler chickens. The results showed that a combination of 3.5 g/kg digestible phosphorus and 3.0-3.5 g/kg digestible calcium resulted in optimal weight gain and tibia ash. This study provides important guidance for the nutrition and formulation of diets for broiler chickens.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ashraf Alkhtib, Philippe Wilson, Mike R. Bedford, Helen Nell Masey O'Neill, Emily Burton
Summary: This systematic review investigates the relevance of existing life cycle analysis (LCA) and environmental assessment studies in informing sustainable poultry meat production strategies. A Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) was conducted on articles published from 2000 to 2020, covering LCA studies on meat poultry strains, poultry manure emission, and environmental assessments of plant-based feed ingredients. The review found that there is a lack of reliable in vivo data to support the use of existing studies for guiding nutritional strategies and poultry meat production.
Article
Immunology
Anisha M. Thanki, Steven Hooton, Natasha Whenham, Michael G. Salter, Mike R. Bedford, Helen V. Masey O'Neill, Martha R. J. Clokie
Summary: This study showed that adding a phage cocktail to chicken feed effectively reduced Salmonella colonization in chickens, with the optimal dose of phage being 10(5) PFU/day. By the end of the study, no Salmonella was detected in the group that received phage at this dose. Phage treatment also improved the growth performance of challenged birds.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Clay J. Maynard, Craig W. Maynard, Garrett J. Mullenix, Alison Ramser, Elizabeth S. Greene, Mike R. Bedford, Sami Dridi
Summary: This study investigated the effect of heat stress and exogenous phytase supplementation on growth performance, muscle myopathy incidence, and meat quality in broilers. Heat stress significantly affected body temperature, feed intake, body weight, water intake, blood parameters, and meat quality. Exogenous phytase supplementation improved growth performance and reduced muscle myopathy incidence under normal temperature conditions, but increased muscle myopathy incidence under heat stress conditions.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Laura Shiromi David, M. Naveed Anwar, M. Reza Abdollahi, Michael R. Bedford, Velmurugu Ravindran
Summary: Calcium is crucial for poultry nutrition, but the current concern is the oversupply of calcium rather than a deficiency. Recent changes in feed formulas have prompted closer examination of digestible calcium, as it is interrelated with phosphorus absorption and utilization. Data on the digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in feed ingredients have been determined, and preliminary data on the requirements for different growth stages of broilers have become available. This review focuses on these recent advances in calcium nutrition, as well as homeostatic control mechanisms, different calcium sources, and factors influencing calcium digestibility in poultry.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
H. K. Zanu, M. Iddrisu, B. G. Fosu, H. K. Ketemepi, M. R. Bedford
Summary: High phytic acid and fine oyster shell particle size improve growth performance of broilers, while low phytic acid and coarse oyster shell particle size promote bone health.
BRITISH POULTRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Colleen R. Sprigg, Philip T. A. Leftwich, Emily Burton, Dawn Scholey, Michael R. Bedford, Charles A. Brearley
Summary: Inert digestibility index markers like titanium dioxide are commonly used in poultry feeding trials. However, the use of titanium dioxide in cell biology for enrichment of inositol phosphates suggests that its use as an inert marker may not be as inert as assumed. Our experiment showed no significant difference in the effect of phytase inclusion in the presence or absence of titanium dioxide, indicating that its inclusion in feed does not interfere with the recovery of inositol phosphates from digesta samples.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
A. Simic, G. Gonzalez-Ortiz, S. C. Mansbridge, S. P. Rose, M. R. Bedford, D. Yovchev, V. R. Pirgozliev
Summary: A study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fiber, xylanase, xylooligosaccharides, and their combination on chicken growth performance and nutrient utilization. The results showed that the combination of xylanase and xylooligosaccharides improved feed conversion efficiency and weight gain, while the inclusion of dietary fiber had negative effects on nutrient utilization. Additionally, the addition of dietary fiber increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mohammad Houshyar, Ali Asghar Saki, Mohammad Yousef Alikhani, Michael Richard Bedford, Meysam Soleimani, Farideh Kamarehei
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of a laboratory 3-phytase and a commercial 6-phytase, alone and in combination, on broilers. The addition of Lab-Phy increased the phosphorus and calcium content in the tibia, while Com-Phy alone and in combination with Lab-Phy further increased the phosphorus and calcium content. The expression of NaPi-IIb in the duodenum was influenced by the reduction of nonphytate phosphorus and the addition of phytase. Broilers fed the negative control diet had the lowest body weight, villi characteristics, Newcastle disease antibody titer, and nutrient digestibility. Supplementation with phytases improved growth performance, intestinal characteristics, immune response, and nutrient digestibility in broilers receiving the negative control diet.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
I. M. Whiting, V. Pirgozliev, M. R. Bedford
Summary: The present study aimed to determine the xylan fractions of 10 wheat cultivars and their response to treatment by the same commercial xylanase enzyme preparation. Information obtained was used to select 5 wheats for a feeding experiment to predict the feeding value based on the rate of xylan release. Treatment with the same enzyme resulted in varying levels of hydrolysis, and the addition of xylanase improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Edwin T. Moran, Michael R. Bedford
Summary: Endogenous protein leaving the ileum largely consists of accrued mucins from the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that had resisted digestion. The amounts released rely on their mucosal generation during enteral feeding which vary with age as well as diet. These digestion resistant proteins of endogenous origin continue to be unavailable in the large intestine, whereas those of dietary origin provide amino acids that largely support the existing microbial population while denying limited amounts for absorption.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
An Bautil, Michael R. Bedford, Johan Buyse, Christophe M. Courtin
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of reduced-particle size wheat bran and endoxylanases as feed additives in stimulating arabinoxylan hydrolysis and fermentation in young broilers. The results showed that the addition of endoxylanase increased arabinoxylan solubilization and fermentation. Adding reduced-particle size wheat bran improved the utilization of wheat arabinoxylan. However, at 28 days, the addition of reduced-particle size wheat bran reduced body weight gain but increased butyric acid concentrations.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Namalika D. Karunaratne, Henry L. Classen, Andrew G. van Kessel, Michael R. Bedford, Nancy P. Ames, Rex W. Newkirk
Summary: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of diet medication and beta-glucanase on digesta soluble beta-glucan depolymerization, carbohydrate fermentation, and performance of coccidiosis-vaccinated broiler chickens. The results showed that beta-glucanase reduced the molecular weight of beta-glucan, decreased ileal viscosity, and reduced the concentration of short-chain fatty acids, while diet medication had minimal effects on carbohydrate fermentation.