☆ 4.5 Article

Kinetics of the upgrading of heavy oil in supercritical methanol

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2018)

期刊

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS

卷 133, 期 -, 页码 133-138

出版社

ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.10.005

关键词

Supercritical methanol; Crude oil; Heavy oil; Upgrading; Pyrolysis; Kinetic model

类别

Chemistry, Physical Engineering, Chemical

资金

Energy Efficiency & Resources Core technology program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP)

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Protocol

Reagent

摘要

The crude oil upgrading was conducted in supercritical methanol (scMeOH) using batch reactors. The influence of temperature (653-693 K), reaction time (0-120 min) on product distribution was investigated. The crude oil was upgraded into the light oil with more saturate and less aromatic, resin in scMeOH. The higher the temperature, the faster the asphaltene was converted to coke. In FTIR analysis, scMeOH are presumed to participate in the upgrading of crude oil. To understand the crude oil upgrading process in scMeOH, four lump kinetic model including maltene, asphaltene, coke, and gas was proposed and kinetic parameters were estimated from the experimental data. The calculated rate constants and activation energies showed that the decomposition of asphaltene is the most dominant reaction in the upgrading of crude oil while the generation of coke is suppressed.

作者

我是这篇论文的作者

点击您的名字以认领此论文并将其添加到您的个人资料中。

评论

主要评分

4.5

评分不足

次要评分

新颖性

-

重要性

-

科学严谨性

-

评价这篇论文

推荐

Article Chemistry, Applied

Kinetic study of asphaltenes phase separation in supercritical water upgrading of heavy oil

Yu Dong, Qiuyang Zhao, Yantao Zhou, Lichen Zheng, Hui Jin, Baercheng Bawaa, Liejin Guo

Summary: Supercritical water is a promising method for upgrading heavy oil to produce light oil and gas. This study conducted experiments in a batch reactor to analyze the reaction pathways and the role of supercritical water in the upgrading process. The products were classified into gas, coke, and liquid products, which were further separated into saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes. A kinetic model was developed to explain the effects of supercritical water solubility on heavy oil upgrading, and it successfully fit the experimental data. The supercritical water upgrading process was divided into three stages: pre-induction primary cracking stage, post-induction primary cracking stage, and gas generation stage. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of heavy oil upgrading in supercritical water.

FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY (2023)

添加到收藏夹

Article Energy & Fuels

SARA-based kinetic model for non-catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy crude oil

Guillermo Felix, Alexis Tirado, Ameen Al-Muntaser, Michael Kwofie, Mikhail A. Varfolomeev, Chengdong Yuan, Jorge Ancheyta

Summary: A new kinetic model based on SARA fractions is proposed for the non-catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy crude oil. Experimental results demonstrate a good fit between the model and the data.

JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (2022)

添加到收藏夹

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Microporous activated carbon catalyst for an efficient and deactivation resistive supercritical water upgrading process of sour crude oil

Mohammed H. Mohammed, Saba A. Gheni, Khaleel I. Hamad, Awad E. Mohammed, Hassan M. Hmood, Marwan A. Mahomood, Hiba R. Mohammed, Zainab T. Abdulwahab, Safaa M. R. Ahmed, Ahmed A. Hassan

Summary: Upgrading unconventional heavy crude oil using supercritical water process catalyzed by biowaste catalysts can reduce sulfur content and molecular weight, improve API gravity and reduce viscosity of the upgraded petroleum light fraction, without the need for an external hydrogen source.

DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS (2023)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Applied

NiFe2O4 nanocatalyst for heavy crude oil upgrading in low hydrogen/feedstock ratio

O. Morelos-Santos, A. I. Reyes de la Torre, P. Schacht-Hernandez, B. Portales-Martinez, I. Soto-Escalante, A. M. Mendoza-Martinez, R. Mendoza-Cruz, J. Jesus Velazquez-Salazar, M. Jose-Yacaman

Summary: In this study, the effect of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles as catalysts in heavy crude oil upgrading under low hydrogen/feedstock ratio was investigated. The experiments showed that the nanoparticles significantly improved the efficiency of heavy oil upgrading.

CATALYSIS TODAY (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biocatalytic upgrading of unconventional crude oil using oilfield-inhabiting bacterial consortia

Abdul Salam Abdul Raheem, Dorra Hentati, Dawoud Bahzad, Raeid M. M. Abed, Wael Ismail

Summary: We enriched bacterial consortia from oilfield samples and found that they have potential for bio-catalytic upgrading of heavy crude oil. Treatment with one bacterial consortium resulted in an increase in saturates fraction, a decrease in aromatics fraction, a reduction in asphaltene content, and an increase in resins. The biotreated oil also showed better recovery of fractions compared to the non-treated oil. The bacterial consortia composition varied with the source and changed over time, with certain bacteria identified as key players in the bioupgrading process.

INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION (2022)

添加到收藏夹

Article Energy & Fuels

Oil dispersed nickel-based catalyst for catalytic upgrading of heavy oil using supercritical water

Richard Djimasbe, Mikhail A. Varfolomeev, Ameen A. Al-Muntaser, Chengdong Yuan, Dmitriy A. Feoktistov, Muneer A. Suwaid, Alexey J. Kirgizov, Rustam R. Davletshin, Almaz L. Zinnatullin, Saar D. Fatou, Ranel Galeev, Ilfat Z. Rakhmatullin, Michael Kwofie, Vladimir V. Klochkov, Konstantin Yu Prochukhan

Summary: Using a nickel-based oil-dispersed catalyst can enhance the upgrading of heavy oil in supercritical water, increasing the yield of upgraded oil, reducing the yield of gases and coke, and improving the quality of the upgraded oil as well as reducing the pollution in the wastewater.

FUEL (2022)

添加到收藏夹

Article Engineering, Chemical

Thermochemical Upgrading of Heavy Crude Oil in Reservoir Conditions

Temurali Kholmurodov, Oybek Mirzaev, Boudkhil Affane, Arash Tajik, Ksenia Romanova, Yuriy Galyametdinov, Aleksey Dengaev, Alexey Vakhin

Summary: The study aims to enhance the quality of heavy oil through refinement using aquathermolysis with the simultaneous injection of steam and thermally stable nonionic surfactants (NS). The synthesized NS R-PPG was characterized using infrared (IR) methods, and its thermal stability was investigated. The study investigated the hydrothermal upgrading of heavy oil with a catalyst, involving the joint participation of steam and surfactants at a temperature of 250°C, and evaluated the improved oil characteristics resulting from the experimental process. The incorporation of surfactants during hydrothermal upgrading resulted in an irreversible reduction in the viscosity of heavy oil, thereby enhancing its overall quality.

PROCESSES (2023)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The interactive role of methane beyond a reactant in crude oil upgrading

Hao Xu, Zhaofei Li, Yimeng Li, Hua Song

Summary: The study demonstrates that methane plays a protective role on the catalyst by preventing coke formation inside pores, resulting in better product quality and catalyst stability. The interaction between methane and catalytic active sites is crucial for the unique coke distribution and inhibition of metal deposition.

COMMUNICATIONS CHEMISTRY (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Energy & Fuels

Development of a simple and efficient oil-soluble nanocatalytic system for aquathermolysis upgrading of heavy crude oil

Temurali Kholmurodov, Arash Tajik, Abdolreza Farhadian, Oybek Mirzayev, Pooya Tahay, Alexey V. Vakhin, Alimorad Rashidi

Summary: This study aims to fill the research gap of using aromatic ligands in catalyst synthesis for catalytic aquathermolysis of heavy oil. The developed oil-soluble catalyst (Ni-OSC) using catechol as a novel ligand effectively interacts with heavy oil fractions, reducing the content of resin and asphaltene and increasing the amounts of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. GC-MS analysis revealed an increase in low molecular weight hydrocarbons and a higher concentration of alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of Ni-OSC, improving the quality and recovery of heavy oil.

FUEL (2023)

添加到收藏夹

Article Engineering, Chemical

Upgrading Siberian (Russia) crude oil by hydrodesulfurization: Kinetic parameter estimation in a trickle-bed reactor

Kening Sun, Xixi Ma, Ruijun Hou

Summary: Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is an effective way to address corrosion problems in refineries. In this study, HDS of Siberian crude oil was conducted using Ni-Mo/gamma-Al2O3 in a continuous flow isothermal trickle-bed reactor, achieving a conversion rate of 92.89%. The established model is useful for industrial application and provides further insight into the HDS process of Siberian crude oil.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Direct Hydrogen Production from Extra-Heavy Crude Oil under Supercritical Water Conditions Using a Catalytic (Ni-Co/Al2O3) Upgrading Process

Richard Djimasbe, Ildar R. Ilyasov, Michael Kwofie, Mohammed A. Khelkhal, Dmitrii A. Emelianov, Ameen A. Al-Muntaser, Muneer A. Suwaid, Mikhail A. Varfolomeev

Summary: The production of hydrogen from unconventional oil is an important area of research in the energy field, and this study focuses on synthesizing and applying promising catalysts based on nickel, cobalt, and nickel-cobalt alloys for hydrogen production from extra-heavy crude oil in the Tahe Oil Field in China. The results show that the presence of a catalyst, especially the Ni-CoAl2O3 catalyst, significantly increases the rate of hydrogen generation. Additionally, the use of supercritical water improves the yield and quality of upgraded oil.

CATALYSTS (2022)

添加到收藏夹

Article Energy & Fuels

Evaluation and comparison of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for oxidation and pyrolysis of Yarega heavy crude oil asphaltenes

Alexandra Saitova, Sergey Strokin, Jorge Ancheyta

Summary: The study compared the pyrolysis and oxidation processes of asphaltenes extracted from Yarega heavy crude oil and its residues in both nitrogen and air atmosphere. Different stages of pyrolysis and oxidation were identified, with varying characteristics observed for the different samples. Kinetic parameters were estimated and the findings can potentially contribute to the development of asphaltene processing methods in petroleum refineries.

FUEL (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Energy & Fuels

Upgrading biochar by co-pyrolysis of heavy bio-oil and apricot shell using response surface methodology

Xiaozhuang Zhuang, Ziyu Gan, Kehui Cen, Yuping Ba, Fan Chen, Dengyu Chen

Summary: The study investigated the production of biochar by co-pyrolysis of heavy bio-oil and apricot shell, finding that co-pyrolysis had a synergistic effect on improving the mass yield and fuel quality of biochar. Furthermore, the C/H ratio of biochar increased with higher pyrolysis temperature, residence time, and percentage of heavy bio-oil, indicating enhanced aromaticity.

FUEL (2022)

添加到收藏夹

Article Energy & Fuels

Catalytic pyrolysis behavior of heavy crude oil over acid-base composite catalysts

Noah Niwamanya, Jinhong Zhang, Chunxiao Gao, Daniel Takyi Sekyere, Andrew Barigye, Jacqueline Nangendo, Yuanyu Tian

Summary: Direct pyrolysis of crude oil to petrochemical feedstocks is a trend in refineries. The study on catalytic pyrolysis of heavy crude oil using acid, base, and composite catalysts showed that composite catalysts can enhance the yields of light olefins and aromatics.

FUEL (2022)

添加到收藏夹

Article Engineering, Environmental

Upgrading pyrolysis oil by catalytic hydrodeoxygenation reaction in supercritical ethanol with different hydrogen sources

Mingyuan Zhang, Yujian Wu, Xue Han, Yimin Zeng, Chunbao Charles Xu

Summary: The effects of hydrogen sources (hydrogen gas and formic acid) on hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of pyrolysis oil in supercritical ethanol were investigated. It was found that formic acid as an in-situ hydrogen source showed better deoxygenation performance at lower temperatures, while hydrogen gas as an ex-situ hydrogen source achieved higher degree of deoxygenation and better oil quality at higher temperatures.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Water-soluble, lignin-derived carbon dots with high fluorescent emissions and their applications in bioimaging

Aye Aye Myint, Won-Kyu Rhim, Jwa-Min Nam, Jaehoon Kim, Youn-Woo Lee

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (2018)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Kinetic study of extra heavy oil upgrading in supercritical methanol with and without zinc nitrate

Seungjae Sim, Jonghyeon Kim, Won Bae Kong, Jimoon Kang, Youn-Woo Lee

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2019)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

One-Pot, Simultaneous Cell Wall Disruption and Complete Extraction of Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis at Room Temperature

Muhammad Irshad, Aye Aye Myint, Min Eui Hong, Jaehoon Kim, Sang Jun Sim

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2019)

添加到收藏夹

Article Food Science & Technology

Safe and Complete Extraction of Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis by Efficient Mechanical Disruption of Cyst Cell Wall

Muhammad Irshad, Min Eui Hong, Aye Aye Myint, Jaehoon Kim, Sang Jun Sim

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING (2019)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Thermal stability and decomposition behavior of HFO-1234ze(E) as a working fluid in the supercritical organic Rankine cycle

Miqdar Zulfikar Irriyanto, Hyung-Soo Lim, Bum-Seog Choi, Aye Aye Myint, Jaehoon Kim

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2019)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Comprehensive study on the formation mechanism of highly bioactive compounds from Allium hookeri root using subcritical water and their antioxidant and anticancer effects

Aye Aye Myint, Mulugeta G. Aregay, Mikyung Kang, Byung-Soo Kim, Youn-Woo Lee, Jaehoon Kim

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Mechanism of thermal decomposition of HFO-1234ze(E) under supercritical fluid conditions

Ricky Gunawan, Miqdar Zulfikar Irriyanto, Handi Setiadi Cahyadi, Muhammad Irshad, Hyung-Soo Lim, Bum-Seong Choi, Sang-Kyu Kwak, Aye Aye Myint, Jae-Hoon Kim

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Desulfurization of hexyl sulfide and hexanethiol using supercritical water

Jimoon Kang, Seungjae Sim, Hyunwook Jung, Byungchan Han, Youn-Woo Lee

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Thermal stability study of HFO-1234ze(E) for supercritical organic Rankine cycle: Chemical kinetic model approach through decomposition experiments

Miqdar Zulfikar Irriyanto, Hyung-Soo Lim, Bum-Seog Choi, Minsang Lee, Aye Aye Myint, Jaehoon Kim

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Ultrafast and complete drying of ecamsule solution using supercritical carbon dioxide with fluctuating pressure technique

Patrick Hariyanto, Aye Aye Myint, Jaehoon Kim

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Complete drying and micronization of ecamsule using supercritical CO2 as the antisolvent

Patrick Hariyanto, Aye Aye Myint, Jaehoon Kim

Summary: The supercritical antisolvent process was utilized to produce fine ecamsule powder with micronized particles. By evaluating different process parameters, such as temperature, pressure, solution flow rate, and solute concentration, high yield of micronsized ecamsule particles was achieved with improved chemical properties.

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Proceedings Paper

How AI-Based Training Affected the Performance of Professional Go Players

Jimoon Kang, June-Seop Yoon, Byungjoo Lee

Summary: This study analyzes the performance changes of professional Go players since the introduction of AlphaGo, the first AI application to defeat a human world Go champion. It is found that AI has been actively incorporated into Go training since AlphaGo's appearance, with significant impact observed in game analysis and player rating data. Player tendency to follow AI-recommended moves and the fluctuation of expected win rates have both increased since 2017. Additionally, AI-based training benefits senior players more, leading to higher Elo ratings compared to junior players.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2022 CHI CONFERENCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS (CHI' 22) (2022)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Kinetics of extra-heavy oil upgrading in supercritical water with and without zinc nitrate using the phase separation kinetic model

Seungjae Sim, Won Bae Kong, Jonghyeon Kim, Jimoon Kang, Hwi-Sung Lee, Youn-Woo Lee

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Influence of chemical composition on the properties and foamability with supercritical CO2 in thermoplastic polythiourethanes

P. Belmonte, J. M. Garcia-Vargas, J. F. Rodriguez, I. Garrido, M. T. Garcia, M. J. Ramos

Summary: In this study, four polythiourethane films with different types of polyols and isocyanates were synthesized, characterized, and foamed. The results showed that the type of isocyanate greatly influenced the crystallinity and stiffness of the polymers, while the type of polyol modified the FT-IR spectra and the decomposition curve of the material with temperature. Furthermore, the choice of isocyanate also affected the properties of the foams obtained from the polymeric material.

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2024)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Experimental investigation on hydrodynamic characteristics of 1,1,1,2-tet- rafluoroethane (R134a) in a horizontal tube at supercritical pressures

Xutao Zhu, Jianguo Yan, Shouchun Liu, Fengling Zhu

Summary: This study experimentally assessed the hydrodynamic characteristics of supercritical-pressure R134a in a horizontal circular tube. It was found that the hydrodynamic characteristic curve of R134a under supercritical pressure does not have a negative-slope region but a transition region. The transition region becomes more evident with increasing heat flux, while it weakens with increasing pressure and inlet temperature. Moreover, the onset of the transition region shifts in the direction of high mass flow rate with increasing heat flux.

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2024)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Production of inclusion complexes containing corticosteroids by SAA process

Stefania Mottola, Iolanda De Marco

Summary: In this study, corticosteroids were micronized with cyclodextrin using Supercritical Assisted Atomization (SAA), resulting in spherical micrometric particles with improved dissolution time.

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2024)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Comparative study on supercritical carbon dioxide dewatering and conventional kiln drying of bamboo strips

Honghai Liu, Yu Xie, Zhilan Li, Xiaokai Zhang

Summary: This study compared the effects of supercritical carbon dioxide dewatering (SCD) and conventional kiln drying (CKD) at a temperature of 55 degrees C on the dewatering rate, moisture transfer and distribution, shrinkage, and stress characteristics of bamboo strips. The results showed that SCD had a faster dewatering rate and lower shrinkage compared to CKD, but was less effective in reducing drying stress in bamboo.

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2024)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Techno-economic sensitivity assessment for supercritical CO2 extraction of lycopene from tomato processing waste

Tahmasb Hatami, Ozan N. Ciftci

Summary: This study fills the gap in previous research by establishing a hierarchy of significance for factors affecting SFE profitability, providing a deeper understanding of how technical and economic factors impact profitability. The findings highlight that the SFE facility becomes profitable when the extractor capacity surpasses 42 L.

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2024)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Molecular dynamics study on the initial oxidation behavior of FeCr alloys in supercritical H2O and supercritical CO2 with O2

Tingshan Guo, Chuang He, Zhiyuan Liang, Qinxin Zhao

Summary: The initial oxidation behavior of Fe10Cr and Fe20Cr alloys in supercritical H2O and supercritical CO2 with O2 has been investigated. The results show that O2 has the highest adsorption energy on FeCr alloys and reacts faster than H2O and CO2.

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2024)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Bio-refinery of brewery spent grain utilizing natural deep eutectic solvent-induced subcritical water

Vikash Chandra Roy, Jin-Seok Park, Ahmed Redwan Haque, Md Sadek Ali, Hee-Jeong Lee, Byung-Soo Chun

Summary: This research aimed to valorize brewery spent grain (BSG) using subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) modified by six different natural deep eutectic solvents (DES) and determining their bipotentialities. The findings showed that BSG hydrolysates obtained through DES-induced SWH contained high levels of sugars, proteins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and essential amino acids. The hydrolysates also demonstrated antimicrobial activities, and the presence of bioactive compounds was confirmed through FT-IR analysis. This comprehensive profiling of bioactive compounds from BSG using DES-mediated SWH can contribute to the efficient valorization of BSG for industrial purposes.

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2024)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

EMI performance within the conductive composite foams engineered with bimodal and uniform cell structures

Kailiang Zhang, Hanyu Wang, Tong Liu, Zhu Wang, Lvxing Wang, Ping Fan, Feng Chen, Mingqiang Zhong, Bozhen Wu, Shanqiu Liu, Jintao Yang

Summary: This study investigates the influence of foam cell structure on the electromagnetic interference shielding performance of conductive polymer composite foam. The results suggest that foamed composites exhibit improved EMI shielding performance, and bimodal cell foams have higher electric conductivity but lower EMI shielding compared to uniform cell foams.

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2024)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Measurement system for in-situ estimation of instantaneous corrosion rate in supercritical water

Jaromir Valtr, Petr Roztocil, David Dasek, Radek Musalek, Frantisek Lukac, Jakub Klecka, Marek Janata, Mariana Arnoult-Ruzickova, Eva Mistova, Ludek Jelinek, Petr Sajdl, Jan Macak

Summary: This paper focuses on the design of an experimental facility for in-situ electrochemical testing at supercritical water conditions, including the design of the electrode system and surface insulation coating for electrode leads.

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2024)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Use of deuterated water to prove its role as hydrogen donor during the hydrothermal upgrading of oil shale at supercritical conditions

Richard Djimasbe, Mikhail A. Varfolomeev, Nailya M. Khasanova, Ameen A. Al-Muntaser, Rustam R. Davletshin, Muneer A. Suwaid, Gazinur Z. Mingazov

Summary: This study confirms the capability of supercritical water to generate active hydrogen that interacts with different fractions in unconventional feedstocks, leading to synthetic oil production during hydrothermal reactions. The findings suggest that a maximum yield of 16.78% can be achieved at a temperature of 380 oC and a reaction time of 1-12 hours.

JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS (2024)

添加到收藏夹

© Peeref 2019-2024. All rights reserved.