The effect of oral contraceptive use on salivary testosterone concentrations and athlete performance during international field hockey matches

Objectives: To investigate the effect of oral contraceptive (DC) use on salivary testosterone (sal-T) concentrations and performance-related statistics in international field hockey matches. Design: A cohort observational study with repeated measures. Methods: Twenty-three elite female athletes were monitored across four international field hockey matches over a nine-day period. Salivary T was assessed 45 min before each match and several match performance statistics were collated; load (i.e. ratings of perceived exertion x playing time), video-derived positive actions (PA) and negative actions (NA), plus coach and player ratings of performance. The sal-T and match performance profiles of OC (n = 7) and Non-OC (n =16) players were compared and predictive relationships tested. Results: Pre-match sal-T concentrations were 35% higher in the Non-DC than the OC group (p = 0.001), representing a large effect size (ES) difference of 0.96. The OC and Non-DC groups did not differ on any performance statistic (p >= 0.348) with ES differences from -0.22 to 0.11. Salivary T was positively related to the number of PA during match play (p= 0.017). Additional linkage between sal-T and NA emerged, but with opposing slopes (p= 0.008) in the OC (B = -1.783, p= 0.030) and Non-DC (B= 0.692, p = 0.127) groups. Conclusions: OC usage by elite women athletes was accompanied by lower sal-T concentrations, but the performance outputs of the OC and Non-OC groups were similar. This suggests that the T differences had no impact on match performance. On an individual (population-averaged) level, sal-T was associated with PA and NA during these matches, though the response curves predicting NA differed for OC and Non-OC athletes. (C) 2017 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.