Article
Polymer Science
Kunyin Wang, Chengyu Sun, Bernard Wiafe Biney, Weining Li, Nabil. H. A. Al-shiaani, Kun Chen, Dong Liu, Aijun Guo
Summary: This paper reports the fabrication of a composite phase change material (PCMs) for efficient solar-thermal energy conversion. The material has a low supercooling degree, good leakage resistance, and high thermal conductivity, which can enhance the solar energy storage performance.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Benedicta D. Arhatari, Andrew W. Stevenson, Darren Thompson, Adam Walsh, Tom Fiala, Gary Ruben, Nader Afshar, Sinem Ozbilgen, Tingting Feng, Stephen Mudie, Prithi Tissa
Summary: The Micro-Computed Tomography (MCT) beamline, the first one in the BRIGHT project, has been constructed at the Australian Synchrotron to provide higher spatial resolution imaging for smaller samples compared to the existing Imaging and Medical Beamline (IMBL). This beamline operates with an X-ray energy range from 8 to 40 keV using a bending magnet as the source. It offers various imaging modes including phase-contrast modalities and conventional absorption contrast, leveraging the unique properties of synchrotron radiation sources. The progress and imaging results of the MCT project in delivering high-spatial-resolution imaging will be presented in the paper.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ling Qin, Barbara M. Maciejewska, Tungky Subroto, Justin A. Morton, Kyriakos Porfyrakis, Iakovos Tzanakis, Dmitry G. Eskin, Nicole Grobert, Kamel Fezzaa, Jiawei Mi
Summary: Ultrasound-assisted liquid phase exfoliation is a promising method for manufacturing 2D materials. Research revealed that the rate and efficiency of graphite layer exfoliation are predominantly determined by the number of imploding bubbles, providing valuable insights for industrial upscaling strategies.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Viktor V. Nikitin, Mikhail I. Fokin, Geser A. Dugarov, Arkady N. Drobchik, Vincent De Andrade, Pavel D. Shevchenko, Andrey Yu. Manakov, Anton A. Duchkov
Summary: 3D X-ray imaging provides crucial insights into multi-phase dynamic processes in various geomaterials. Synchrotron phase-contrast tomography techniques achieved necessary contrast levels for dynamic in situ micro-computed tomography of methane-hydrate formation in coal samples, revealing slower formation speed and different growth patterns compared to sand samples. Water extraction from coal grains and competitive sorption of methane were observed, with visualization of this phenomenon through microchannels and nano-tomography imaging for better understanding.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Robert C. Pullar, Rui M. Novais, Ana. P. F. Caetano, K. A. Krishnakumar, Kuzhichalil P. Surendran
Summary: This article introduces the use of waste cork and recycled wine stoppers to produce pyrolysed solid cork, which serves as an economic and sustainable microwave absorber. The pyrolysed cork has a significantly lower density and excellent shielding effectiveness, making it a promising material for microwave absorption.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Akio Yoneyama, Daiko Takamatsu, Thet-Thet Lwin, Shigehito Yamada, Tetsuya Takakuwa, Kazuyuki Hyodo, Keiichi Hirano, Satoshi Takeya
Summary: Crystal-based X-ray interferometry (CXI) detects X-ray phase shifts with the highest sensitivity among the X-ray phase-detecting methods. Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCXI) using CXI has the highest density resolution and has been widely applied in various fields. Novel imaging methods have also been developed to take advantage of CXI's high sensitivity, such as visualization of the effective atomic number and the three-dimensional temperature. This article reviews the principles, history, and potential applications of PCXI and CXI systems.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Andrew R. Demko, Kevin J. Hill, Elektra Katz Ismael, Alan Kastengren
Summary: Particle interactions with the binder melt layer are crucial for the combustion efficiency and stability of solid rocket propellant. This study used synchrotron-based X-rays to directly image the interaction between aluminum agglomerates and the binder, and measured the particle size distribution under different conditions. The results revealed the relationship between particle properties and combustion, and provided data on the evaporation rate and volumetric changes of aluminum during combustion.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Jinling Gao, Kamel Fezzaa, Weinong Chen
Summary: This research introduces an integrated technique to visualize the dynamic failure of fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) and studies the failure behavior across different structural levels. The high-speed synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast imaging (PCI) technique is used to identify the failure behavior of a single fiber and provide real-time visualization of damaging mechanisms inside the composite material. This technique offers critical information for understanding the deformation and failure of composites under impact.
NDT & E INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Qilin Guo, Minglei Qu, Luis I. Escano, S. Mohammad H. Hojjatzadeh, Zachary Young, Kamel Fezzaa, Lianyi Chen
Summary: Through in-situ high-speed high-resolution synchrotron X-ray imaging, researchers have revealed the mechanisms of melt flow instabilities in laser metal additive manufacturing, including powder/droplet impact, keyhole oscillation, and melting-mode switching. This provides critical insights into the instability during the manufacturing process and can guide the development of mitigation approaches.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MACHINE TOOLS & MANUFACTURE
(2022)
Article
Acoustics
Hongchen Li, Xiufeng Li, Gonzalo Collado-Lara, Kirby R. Lattwein, Frits Mastik, Robert Beurskens, Antonius F. W. van der Steen, Martin D. Verweij, Nico De Jong, Klazina Kooiman
Summary: In this study, an ultra-high-speed optical imaging system was developed to visualize the dynamics of micron- and nanometer-sized ultrasound cavitation nuclei. The system, with its high frame rate and experimental flexibility, provides insight into the development of ultrasound-mediated imaging and therapy.
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ngoc Ton, Una Goncin, Arash Panahifar, Dean Chapman, Sheldon Wiebe, Steven Machtaler
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound microbubbles as a contrast agent for X-ray phase contrast imaging. Results suggest that lipid-MBs larger than 4 µm may be candidates for PCI, and a concentration of 5 x 10(6) MBs/ml could be the lowest suitable concentration for generating visible phase contrast in vivo.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mercedes Santiago-Calvo, Maria Carracedo-Perez, Maria Luisa Puertas, Antonio Esteban-Cubillo, Julio Santaren, Fernando Villafane, Miguel-angel Rodriguez-Perez
Summary: In this study, a flame retardant material called SFG was used to enhance the thermal stability of water-blown rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams. The effects of different contents of SFG on foam density, microcellular structure, thermal stability, and thermal conductivity were examined. The addition of 6% SFG resulted in a slightly improved thermal stability but deteriorated cellular structure compared to the reference material. The influence of SFG on chemical reactions during the foaming process was studied using FTIR spectroscopy, and the foam formulation with 6% SFG was optimized based on the obtained information. Overall, the inclusion of SFG allowed for the best performance of RPU foams to be achieved.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Xiaoyun Chen, Kshitish A. Patankar, Matthew Larive
Summary: Polyurethane foams are widely used in various fields, and monitoring PU reactions with NIR HSI technology can effectively extract kinetics information. The advantages of NIR HSI over conventional FT-NIR systems include faster spectral acquisition time and higher spatial resolution.
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seongwook Choi, Eun-Yeong Park, Sinyoung Park, Jong Hyun Kim, Chulhong Kim
Summary: X-ray induced acoustic imaging (XAI) is a emerging biomedical imaging technique that visualizes X-ray absorption contrast at ultrasound resolution with lower ionizing radiation exposure. The first feasible synchrotron XAI (sXAI) shows promising results in obtaining two-dimensional images of various lead targets, and may complement conventional synchrotron applications.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinjie Huang, Chunjie Wang, Jinda Gao, Zhijie Zhou, Gang Tang, Changlong Wang
Summary: The study revealed that adding flame retardants to rigid polyurethane foam can limit flame combustion intensity, with different retardants affecting combustion mechanisms differently. Expanded graphite has a significant impact on bending deformation, while aluminum hypophosphite and aluminum diethylhypophosphite show good retardancy in terms of delaying fire and reducing flame height.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Marie Labat, Jurjen Couperus Cabada, Amin Ghaith, Arie Irman, Anthony Berlioux, Philippe Berteaud, Frederic Blache, Stefan Bock, Francois Bouvet, Fabien Briquez, Yen-Yu Chang, Sebastien Corde, Alexander Debus, Carlos De Oliveira, Jean-Pierre Duval, Yannick Dietrich, Moussa El Ajjouri, Christoph Eisenmann, Julien Gautier, Rene Gebhardt, Simon Grams, Uwe Helbig, Christian Herbeaux, Nicolas Hubert, Charles Kitegi, Olena Kononenko, Michael Kuntzsch, Maxwell LaBerge, Stephane Le, Bruno Leluan, Alexandre Loulergue, Victor Malka, Fabrice Marteau, Manh Huy N. Guyen, Driss Oumbarek-Espinos, Richard Pausch, Damien Pereira, Thomas Puschel, Jean-Paul Ricaud, Patrick Rommeluere, Eleonore Roussel, Pascal Rousseau, Susanne Schobel, Mourad Sebdaoui, Klaus Steiniger, Keihan Tavakoli, Cedric Thaury, Patrick Ufer, Mathieu Valleau, Marc Vandenberghe, Jose Veteran, Ulrich Schramm, Marie-Emmanuelle Couprie
Summary: Free-electron lasers generate high-brilliance coherent radiation across a wide range of wavelengths. Recent advancements in short-wavelength seeded free-electron lasers have led to unprecedented levels of control over longitudinal coherence, enabling new scientific explorations in ultra-fast dynamics and X-ray nonlinear optics. Laser-plasma accelerators show promise as compact drivers for free-electron lasers, and the experimental demonstration of a seeded laser-plasma accelerator-driven free-electron laser with controlled radiation wavelength and longitudinal coherence paves the way towards smaller-scale lasers for various applications.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
D. Y. Chen, H. B. Wang, W. Q. Wen, Y. J. Yuan, D. C. Zhang, Z. K. Huang, D. Winters, S. Klammes, D. Kiefer, Th. Walther, M. Loeser, M. Siebold, U. Schramm, J. Li, M. T. Tang, J. X. Wu, D. Y. Yin, L. J. Mao, J. C. Yang, S. F. Zhang, M. Bussmann, X. Ma
Summary: A significant deceleration effect on a stored ion beam by a continuous-wave laser light was observed in the experiments conducted in Lanzhou, China. Through simulations, it was found that the deceleration range of the laser force is greatly enlarged by considering the transverse betatron oscillation of ions and the angular misalignment of the laser light direction. This work is crucial for future laser cooling and precision laser spectroscopy experiments and simulations on heavy highly charged ions.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2023)
Article
Optics
Stefan Bock, Thomas Oksenhendler, Thomas Pueschel, Rene Gebhart, Uwe Helbig, Richard Pausch, Tim Ziegler, Constantin Bernert, Karl Zeil, Arie Irman, Toma Toncian, Hiromitsu Kiriyama, Mamiko Nishiuchi, Akira Kon, Ulrich Schramm
Summary: We propose a method to extend the measurement capabilities of high power short pulse lasers by incorporating spectral sensitivity, specifically within the range used in chirped pulse amplification systems. The spectral response achieved through angle tuning of the third harmonic generating crystal is modeled and experimentally validated. Measurements of spectrally resolved pulse contrast of a Petawatt laser frontend illustrate the significance of full bandwidth coverage in interpreting laser target interactions, particularly with solid targets.
Article
Physics, Applied
Constantin Bernert, Stefan Assenbaum, Stefan Bock, Florian-Emanuel Brack, Thomas E. Cowan, Chandra B. Curry, Marco Garten, Lennart Gaus, Maxence Gauthier, Rene Gebhardt, Sebastian Goede, Siegfried H. Glenzer, Uwe Helbig, Thomas Kluge, Stephan Kraft, Florian Kroll, Lieselotte Obst-Huebl, Thomas Pueschel, Martin Rehwald, Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt, Christopher Schoenwaelder, Ulrich Schramm, Franziska Treffert, Milenko Vescovi, Tim Ziegler, Karl Zeil
Summary: For high-intensity laser-solid interactions, accurate modeling of the leading edge-driven target preexpansion is desired. In this work, the time-resolved observation of laser-induced breakdown (LIB) during the leading edge of high-intensity laser pulses is reported. The observation of LIB occurring much earlier than expected demonstrates the relevance of the laser pulse duration dependence of LIB for high-intensity laser-solid interactions.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
J. Strucka, B. Lukic, M. Koerner, J. W. D. Halliday, Y. Yao, K. Mughal, D. Maler, S. Efimov, J. Skidmore, A. Rack, Y. Krasik, J. Chittenden, S. N. Bland
Summary: We propose a new technique for investigating hydrodynamic phenomena driven by shocks in gases, liquids, and solids. This technique involves the use of pulsed power-driven resistive wire arrays and multi-MHz synchrotron radiography, offering advantages such as flexible shockwave geometry, high-pressure generation, single-experiment data acquisition, and compression ratio estimation. The technique also allows for high-resolution volumetric characterization using synchrotron-based microtomography. A Richtmyer-Meshkov instability experiment is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique, showing consistent results with theoretical predictions and observing additional effects unique to liquids and solids.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
D. Ranjan, K. Ramakrishna, K. Voigt, O. S. Humphries, B. Heuser, M. G. Stevenson, J. Luetgert, Z. He, C. Qu, S. Schumacher, P. T. May, A. Amouretti, K. Appel, E. Brambrink, V. Cerantola, D. Chekrygina, L. B. Fletcher, S. Goede, M. Harmand, N. J. Hartley, S. P. Hau-Riege, M. Makita, A. Pelka, A. K. Schuster, M. Smid, T. Toncian, M. Zhang, T. R. Preston, U. Zastrau, J. Vorberger, D. Kraus
Summary: The insulator-metal transition in liquid hydrogen is explored for its importance in understanding gas giants and high-pressure, high-temperature materials. An experimental approach using spectrally resolved x-ray scattering is described, demonstrating the potential for observing hydrogen metallization in dynamically compressed hydrocarbons. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations and scattering spectra from undriven carbon samples show sufficient data quality for future experiments at the European x-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Tobias Dornheim, Maximilian P. Boehme, David A. Chapman, Dominik Kraus, Thomas R. Preston, Zhandos A. Moldabekov, Niclas Schluenzen, Attila Cangi, Tilo Doeppner, Jan Vorberger
Summary: The accurate interpretation of experiments with matter at extreme densities and pressures is a challenging task. A recent study has introduced a method that allows extracting the temperature of complex materials without any model assumptions or simulations. The authors provide a detailed introduction to this approach and analyze the impact of experimental noise on the extracted temperatures. The method is expected to have broad applications in fields such as inertial confinement fusion, laboratory astrophysics, and equation-of-state databases.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Tobias Dornheim, Zhandos A. Moldabekov, Kushal Ramakrishna, Panagiotis Tolias, Andrew D. Baczewski, Dominik Kraus, Thomas R. Preston, David A. Chapman, Maximilian P. Boehme, Tilo Doeppner, Frank Graziani, Michael Bonitz, Attila Cangi, Jan Vorberger
Summary: Matter at extreme temperatures and pressures, known as warm dense matter (WDM), is widely observed in the Universe and has important technological applications. Understanding the electronic density response of WDM is crucial and can be probed using x-ray Thomson scattering experiments. This work provides an overview of recent developments in this field, including theoretical background, numerical simulation techniques, and practical applications.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
M. J. MacDonald, C. A. Di Stefano, T. Doppner, L. B. Fletcher, K. A. Flippo, D. Kalantar, E. C. Merritt, S. J. Ali, P. M. Celliers, R. Heredia, S. Vonhof, G. W. Collins, J. A. Gaffney, D. O. Gericke, S. H. Glenzer, D. Kraus, A. M. Saunders, D. W. Schmidt, C. T. Wilson, R. Zacharias, R. W. Falcone
Summary: We have developed an experimental platform at the National Ignition Facility that collision of planar shocks can produce warm dense matter with uniform conditions and high-precision equation of state measurements. The platform combines x-ray Thomson scattering and x-ray radiography to measure the density, electron temperature, and ionization state in warm dense matter. It aims to create a large volume of uniform plasma and minimize plasma condition distribution for improved precision.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shiva Shirani, Ana Cuesta, Alejandro Morales-Cantero, Isabel Santacruz, Ana Diaz, Pavel Trtik, Mirko Holler, Alexander Rack, Bratislav Lukic, Emmanuel Brun, Ines R. Salcedo, Miguel A. G. Aranda
Summary: Despite decades of research, our understanding of cement dissolution and precipitation processes at early stages is still limited due to the lack of suitable imaging methods. In this study, near-field ptychographic nanotomography was used to visualize the hydration of commercial Portland cement in a thick capillary. The results show the formation of a porous C-S-H gel shell with a thickness of 500 nm after 19 hours, covering all the alite grains with a water gap. The dissolution rate of smaller alite grains was found to be approximately four times faster than that of larger grains in the deceleration stage. The study also mapped out the development of etch pits and measured particle size distributions over time. This work lays the foundation for mechanistic studies of dissolution-precipitation processes in cement using advanced nanoimaging techniques.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tilman A. Grunewald, Andreas Johannes, Nina K. Wittig, Jonas Palle, Alexander Rack, Manfred Burghammer, Henrik Birkedal
Summary: Bone is a complex tissue consisting of collagen fibrils and biomineral nanoparticles. This study used X-ray scattering, diffraction, and computed tomography to investigate the structural properties of cement lines and lamellar bone in human bones. The results showed that the mineral properties vary near the Haversian canal and that cement lines have different mineral properties compared to the surrounding bone. These findings have implications for bone formation and mechanics.
Correction
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tilman A. Grunewald, Andreas Johannes, Nina K. Wittig, Jonas Palle, Alexander Rack, Manfred Burghammer, Henrik Birkedal
Article
Optics
Yannik Zobus, Christian Brabetz, Johannes Hornung, Jonas B. Ohland, Dirk Reemts, Ji-Ping Zou, Markus Loeser, Daniel Albach, Ulrich Schramm, Vincent Bagnoud
Summary: We present the development of an ultrafast optical parametric amplifier front-end that delivers broadband and stable amplification while maintaining high beam quality. By bypassing the front-end amplifier, the system achieves low amplified spontaneous emission contrast and pre-pulse contrast. With its high stability, beam quality, and versatile pump amplifier, this system offers an alternative for high-gain regenerative amplifiers in various laser systems.
HIGH POWER LASER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
K. Schricker, C. Diegel, L. Schmidt, M. Seibold, H. Friedmann, F. Froehlich, S. Eichler, Y. Chen, H. Requardt, A. Rack, J. P. Bergmann
Summary: This study provides a fundamental understanding of false friend formation caused by lack of fusion using high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging. The interaction between keyhole and melt pool during laser welding and solidification processes plays a crucial role in the formation of false friends within the gap area.
WELDING IN THE WORLD
(2023)
Article
Optics
Hiromitsu Kiriyama, Yasuhiro Miyasaka, Akira Kon, Mamiko Nishiuchi, Akito Sagisaka, Hajime Sasao, Alexander S. Pirozhkov, Yuji Fukuda, Koichi Ogura, Kotaro Kondo, Nobuhiko Nakanii, Yuji Mashiba, Nicholas P. Dover, Liu Chang, Masaki Kando, Stefan Bock, Tim Ziegler, Thomas Pueschel, Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt, Karl Zeil, Ulrich Schramm
Summary: This paper describes the output performance and temporal quality enhancement of the J-KAREN-P petawatt laser facility, including wavefront correction, focusing, and investigation of technologies to improve the temporal contrast.
