Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dwi Delson, Mark Ward, Rosemary Haddock, Jennifer Nobes, Jayne Digby, Judith A. Strachan, Craig Mowat
Summary: FIT-based triage in primary care is associated with increased non-emergency presentation of CRC but did not influence stage at diagnosis, according to the study.
COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Karoline Freeman, Sian Taylor-Phillips, Brian H. Willis, Ronan Ryan, Aileen Clarke
Summary: The study aimed to estimate the test accuracy of faecal calprotectin (FC) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the primary care setting using routine electronic health records. The results showed that FC testing had high sensitivity and negative predictive values for differentiating between IBD and non-IBD, as well as between IBD and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) at the thresholds of 50 and 100 mu g/g.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sophie Ansems, Marjolein Berger, Patrick van Rheenen, Karin Vermeulen, Gina Beugel, Maria Couwenberg, Gea Holtman
Summary: This study aims to evaluate whether a testing strategy including FCal-POCT can reduce the referral rate of children with chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. It plans to recruit 158 GP practices to recruit 406 children for a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Andreas Zollner, Andreas Schmiderer, Simon J. Reider, Georg Oberhuber, Alexandra Pfister, Bernhard Texler, Christina Watschinger, Robert Koch, Maria Effenberger, Tim Raine, Herbert Tilg, Alexander R. Moschen
Summary: This study demonstrated the diagnostic equivalence of FLCN2 and FCAL in inflammatory bowel diseases, with both biomarkers showing comparable sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, mucosal overexpression of LCN2 in deep remission suggests its potential as a candidate for molecular inflammation warranting further investigation.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Matthew Malcolm Andrew Waite, Louise Langmead, Ruth M. Ayling
Summary: This study investigated the performance of both f-Hb and f-Cal tests for significant bowel diseases in referred patients. The results showed that these tests have good sensitivity and negative predictive value for diagnosing colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mariusz A. Bromke, Katarzyna Neubauer, Radoslaw Kempinski, Malgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka
Summary: The use of fecal calprotectin in monitoring mucosal healing in colonic Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis shows good sensitivity and specificity, as well as a high diagnostic odds ratio. This non-invasive test may present an attractive option for monitoring mucosal healing in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Elton Dajti, Leonardo Frazzoni, Veronica Iascone, Matteo Secco, Amanda Vestito, Lorenzo Fuccio, Leonardo Henry Eusebi, Pietro Fusaroli, Fernando Rizzello, Carlo Calabrese, Paolo Gionchetti, Franco Bazzoli, Rocco Maurizio Zagari
Summary: Faecal calprotectin is a reliable test with high sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing patients with inflammatory bowel disease from those with irritable bowel syndrome. It seems to have a better sensitivity in Western countries and at a cut-off of <= 50 mu g/g.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Kirn Sandhu, Sandhia Naik, Ruth M. Ayling
Summary: This study is the first to compare faecal haemoglobin and faecal calprotectin in a pediatric population. The results suggest that faecal haemoglobin correlates with faecal calprotectin and may be useful in ruling out significant bowel disease, consistent with findings in adults. A faecal haemoglobin level of >20 μg/g was associated with significant histological inflammation.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martina Orfei, Marco Gasparetto, Kai O. Hensel, Florian Zellweger, Robert B. Heuschkel, Matthias Zilbauer
Summary: The study evaluated the diagnostic value of faecal calprotectin (FCP) levels in children and their referral pathways. Results showed that children with FCP < 600μg/g and without symptoms suggestive of IBD are unlikely to have IBD. A guideline for specialist referrals is proposed for patients with FCP > 50μg/g but no IBD.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Sally C. Benton, Carolyn Piggott, Zahida Zahoor, Shane O'Driscoll, Callum G. Fraser, Nigel D'Souza, Michelle Chen, Theo Georgiou Delisle, Muti Abulafi
Summary: This study assessed the comparability of faecal haemoglobin concentrations obtained with four quantitative FIT systems at different thresholds. The results showed differences between systems at lower thresholds, highlighting the need for further understanding of their clinical impact and efforts to minimize these differences.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Newton A. C. S. Wong, Michael John Wallage, Paul Virgo, Hannah Lowes
Summary: Sampling of endoscopically normal large bowel among patients first presenting with elevated FCP is not clinically justified.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Rebecca E. Tibbs, Sally C. Benton
Summary: This study found that a faecal haemoglobin (f-Hb) ≥10 μg/g measured by the faecal immunochemical test for f-Hb (FIT) is associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in individuals under 50 years old, and can be used to triage patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of CRC in primary care.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ferdinando D'Amico, Stephane Nancey, Silvio Danese, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
Summary: This study aimed to provide a clinician's guide on practical information for FC measurement to reduce confounding factors, minimize dosage variability, and ensure better interpretation of results. Further studies are needed to compare commercially available tests and identify the best tools for precise and accurate FC measurement.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nader D. Daoud, Jana G. Hashash, Michael F. Picco, Francis A. Farraye
Summary: Analysis of 51 patients with Crohn's disease and a history of ileostomy showed that fecal calprotectin from ileostomy effluent is a highly sensitive and specific test for evaluating and monitoring small bowel inflammation and disease recurrence.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ailsa J. McKay, Laura H. Gunn, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Eszter Vamos, Manjula Nugawela, Azeem Majeed, German Molina, Sobha Sivaprasad
Summary: This study found that attainment of key primary care indicators such as HbA1c and blood pressure was negatively associated with the incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among patients with type 2 diabetes in England. However, cholesterol indicator attainment showed no association. Attainment of these indicators was also associated with a lower incidence of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR).
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Simeng Lin, Nicholas A. Kennedy, Aamir Saifuddin, Diana Munoz Sandoval, Catherine J. Reynolds, Rocio Castro Seoane, Sherine H. Kottoor, Franziska P. Pieper, Kai-Min Lin, David K. Butler, Neil Chanchlani, Rachel Nice, Desmond Chee, Claire Bewshea, Malik Janjua, Timothy J. McDonald, Shaji Sebastian, James L. Alexander, Laura Constable, James C. Lee, Charles D. Murray, Ailsa L. Hart, Peter M. Irving, Gareth-Rhys Jones, Klaartje B. Kok, Christopher A. Lamb, Charlie W. Lees, Daniel M. Altmann, Rosemary J. Boyton, James R. Goodhand, Nick Powell, Tariq Ahmad
Summary: This study reports immune responses and breakthrough infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving anti-TNF treatments after receiving COVID-19 vaccination, and suggests the need for adapted vaccination schedules for these patients.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Craig Mowat, Jayne Digby, Shirley Cleary, Lynne Gray, Pooja Datt, David R. Goudie, Robert J. C. Steele, Judith A. Strachan, Adam Humphries, Callum G. Fraser
Summary: Quantitative FIT can serve as a good tumor marker in post-polypectomy surveillance, reducing the need for colonoscopy and minimizing potential risks for patients.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anna Forsberg, Marcus Westerberg, Chris Metcalfe, Robert Steele, Johannes Blom, Lars Engstrand, Kaisa Fritzell, Mikael Hellstrom, Lars-Ake Levin, Christian Lowbeer, Andreas Pischel, Ulf Stromberg, Sven Tornberg, Yvonne Wengstrom, Anders Ekbom, Lars Holmberg, Rolf Hultcrantz
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of once-only colonoscopy or two rounds of faecal immunochemical test screening on colorectal cancer mortality and incidence. The study found differences in the detection rates of colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas between the colonoscopy group and the faecal immunochemical test group, but both screening methods had a low number of adverse events.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Gavin R. C. Clark, Robert J. C. Steele, Callum G. Fraser
Summary: Women are at a disadvantage in colorectal cancer screening due to lower faecal haemoglobin concentrations, leading to poorer outcomes. Risk scoring strategies that consider sex have not been extensively tested or introduced. Governments and agencies should prioritize allocating resources to implement simple strategies, such as using different haemoglobin thresholds, to achieve equal positivity in both sexes.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mark S. Johnstone, Campbell MacLeod, Jayne Digby, Yassir Al-Azzawi, Grace Pang, Angus J. M. Watson, Judith Strachan, Craig Mowat, Stephen T. McSorley
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of serial FITs in primary care and assess the risk of CRC in these patients. The study found that serial FITs accounted for 9.1% of all FIT results within a year, and the prevalence of CRC among symptomatic patients with serial FIT was lower than in single-FIT cohorts.
COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lasse Kaalby, Ulrik Deding, Issam Al-Najami, Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff, Thomas Bjorsum-Meyer, Tinne Laurberg, Aasma Shaukat, Robert J. C. Steele, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Morten Rasmussen, Morten Kobaek-Larsen, Gunnar Baatrup
Summary: New research suggests that faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb) can indicate the presence of serious diseases not related to colorectal cancer (CRC). This study found an association between increasing f-Hb and the risk of mortality, as well as an increased risk of dying from respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and other cancers. f-Hb may be a potential biomarker for non-CRC diseases.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dwi Delson, Mark Ward, Rosemary Haddock, Jennifer Nobes, Jayne Digby, Judith A. Strachan, Craig Mowat
Summary: FIT-based triage in primary care is associated with increased non-emergency presentation of CRC but did not influence stage at diagnosis, according to the study.
COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Annie S. Anderson, Claire Donaghy, Ross Lamb, Robert J. C. Steele, Susan Moug
Summary: The BeWEL trial showed that a significant proportion of colorectal adenoma patients are interested in lifestyle interventions and achieved clinically relevant weight loss at 12-month follow-up. However, replicating the program in a non-research setting was found to be less feasible, and alternative approaches should be explored.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Zhigang Liu, Kaixing Le, Xin Zhou, James L. Alexander, Simeng Lin, Claire Bewshea, Neil Chanchlani, Rachel Nice, Timothy J. McDonald, Christopher A. Lamb, Shaji Sebastian, Klaartje Kok, Charlie W. Lees, Ailsa L. Hart, Richard C. Pollok, Rosemary J. Boyton, Daniel M. Altmann, Katrina M. Pollock, James R. Goodhand, Nicholas A. Kennedy, Tariq Ahmad, Nick Powell, C. L. A. R. I. T. Y. study investigators CLARITY Study Investigators
Summary: This study aimed to determine the impact of the anti-TNF drug infliximab and the anti-integrin drug vedolizumab on vaccine-induced neutralising antibodies against the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that patients treated with infliximab had significantly lower antibody levels after three doses of vaccine compared to those treated with vedolizumab, and they also had a higher risk of breakthrough infection.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ulrik Deding, Lasse Kaalby, Robert Steele, Issam Al-Najami, Morten Kobaek-Larsen, Eva Plantener, Jeppe B. Madsen, Jonna S. Madsen, Thomas Bjorsum-Meyer, Gunnar Baatrup
Summary: Population-based screening for colorectal cancer using FIT is recommended. Detectable faecal haemoglobin can indicate colorectal neoplasia as well as other conditions. A positive FIT predicts an increased risk of death from colorectal cancer but might also predict an increased risk of all-cause mortality.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gavin R. C. Clark, Callum G. Fraser, Judith A. Strachan, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using faecal tests reduces disease-specific mortality. This study examined mortality rates and its association with sex before and after CRC screening in Scotland. The results showed that CRC mortality declined from 1990 to 2020, but the decline differed between sexes, indicating a larger beneficial effect of screening on CRC mortality in men compared to women.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jayne Digby, Callum G. Fraser, Gavin Clark, Craig Mowat, Judith A. Strachan, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: This study aimed to develop a risk-scoring model for colorectal cancer using data from the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme. Only faecal haemoglobin concentration and age showed a significant association with colorectal cancer. By tailoring the threshold for faecal haemoglobin concentration according to age, the disparity in interval cancer proportion between women and men could be reduced.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Robert S. Bresalier, Carlo Senore, Graeme P. Young, James Allison, Robert Benamouzig, Sally Benton, Patrick M. M. Bossuyt, Luis Caro, Beatriz Carvalho, Han-Mo Chiu, Veerle M. H. Coupe, Willemijn de Klaver, Clasine Maria de Klerk, Evelien Dekker, Sunil Dolwani, Callum G. Fraser, William Grady, Lydia Guittet, Samir Gupta, Stephen P. Halloran, Ulrike Haug, Geir Hoff, Steven Itzkowitz, Tim Kortlever, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Uri Ladabaum, Beatrice Lauby-Secretan, Marcis Leja, Bernard Levin, Theodore Robert Levin, Finlay Macrae, Gerrit A. Meijer, Joshua Melson, Colm O'Morain, Susan Parry, Linda Rabeneck, David F. Ransohoff, Roque Saenz, Hiroshi Saito, Silvia Sanduleanu-Dascalescu, Robert E. Schoen, Kevin Selby, Harminder Singh, Robert J. C. Steele, Joseph J. Y. Sung, Erin Leigh Symonds, Sidney J. Winawer
Summary: New non-invasive tests for colorectal cancer (CRC) are emerging, making it challenging to conduct trials with mortality reduction as the main goal. A formal consensus approach involving experts resulted in the revision of previously established principles and the emergence of twelve new principles. The effectiveness of a new test can be evaluated by comparing it with an established non-invasive test, with the faecal immunochemical test considered as the appropriate comparator. Flexible adjustment of the new test's positivity threshold is desirable to meet different screening goals and requirements. A four-phased approach is proposed for the evaluation of new tests, including small studies, prospective estimation of accuracy, evaluation in screening populations, and monitoring for missed lesions.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gavin R. C. Clark, Thomas Godfrey, Calum Purdie, Judith Strachan, Francis A. Carey, Callum G. Fraser, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: This study compared the interval cancer proportions between the FIT-based Scottish Bowel Screening Programme and the former gFOBT-based program, and investigated the associations between interval cancer and factors such as faecal haemoglobin concentration, sex, age, deprivation, site, and stage. The results showed that FIT had a higher proportion of screen detected cancers compared to interval cancers, and women had a higher proportion of interval cancers than men. Lowering the faecal haemoglobin threshold could reduce the number of interval cancers, but additional colonoscopy would be required.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING
(2023)