Article
Psychology, Developmental
Isaac T. Petersen
Summary: Developmental science aims to explain development across the lifespan. Kagan's introduced concepts of continuity and discontinuity provide a framework for understanding the persistence, desistence, and transformation of behavior. However, misconceptions and limited examination of specific contexts and cognitive processes persist in the literature. This review aims to advance the conceptualizations of continuity and discontinuity, and propose ways to improve mechanistic understanding of behavior development.
DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mathematics
Abhijit Pant, Rajendra Prasad Pant, Wutiphol Sintunavarat
Summary: The paper presents a new fixed point theorem which offers a solution to Rhoades' problem on the existence of contractive mappings with discontinuity at the fixed point, providing the first Meir-Keeler type solution to this issue. The theorem is shown to characterize the completeness of the metric space, and the structure of complete subspaces of the real line in which contractive mappings do not have discontinuity at the fixed point is also given. This resolves Rhoades' question completely in the context of the real line.
REVISTA DE LA REAL ACADEMIA DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS FISICAS Y NATURALES SERIE A-MATEMATICAS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhanfeng Zhao, Walter A. Illman
Summary: Hydraulic tomography has been developed as a robust technique for characterizing subsurface heterogeneity, but geostatistically-based inversion approaches may lack geological features when observation data is sparse. In this study, local hydrostratigraphic layers of glaciofluvial deposits were derived from corrected pressure logs collected during HPT surveys, and site-specific geological models were developed and calibrated to predict drawdown data of multiple pumping tests. The calibrated geological models outperformed geostatistical inversion approaches in predicting independent pumping tests, demonstrating the usefulness of integrating stratigraphic information derived from HPT logs for capturing sharp boundaries in hydraulic conductivity fields.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zheng Zhou, Michael Bianco, Peter Gerstoft, Kim Olsen
Summary: In this study, we conducted ambient noise tomography using data recorded from 342 seismographs within a 50 x 50 km area affected by the July 2019 M7.1 and M6.4 Ridgecrest earthquakes. The locally sparse tomography (LST) method, an unsupervised machine learning approach, was used to construct a 3D shear velocity model of the area. The results revealed a highly heterogeneous low-velocity zone around the causative faults, with a significant reduction in shear wave velocity, and suggested the presence of long-lasting damage zones associated with inactive fault systems.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ashish Gupta, Daniel Ruminski, Alfonso Jimenez Villar, Raul Duarte Toledo, Grzegorz Gondek, Barbara Pierscionek, Pablo Artal, Ireneusz Grulkowski
Summary: The shape and transparency of the human crystalline lens change with age, affecting the optical properties and visual function. Using optical coherence tomography (OCT), this study characterized age-related differences in the morphology and transparency of the lens. It was found that the C3 zone showed the most significant changes, thickening more rapidly and becoming more opaque than other zones, and this was associated with a deterioration of optical quality and visual performance.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhanfeng Zhao, Walter A. Illman
Summary: The study utilized an inverse modeling approach to estimate K values directly from HPT survey data. It focused on developing site-specific formulae, demonstrating the joint implementation of HPT and HT techniques for high-resolution characterization of subsurface heterogeneity.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christopher Zahasky, Sally M. Benson
Summary: This study investigates the multiphase flows and solute transport processes in porous media, and reveals the impact of geologic heterogeneity on capillary-driven transport. By using experiments and numerical models, the researchers observed how capillary-driven flow can carry solutes into low permeability regions, contrary to what is observed under fully saturated solute transport conditions.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhanfeng Zhao, Ning Luo, Walter A. Illman
Summary: Hydraulic profiling tool (HPT) and hydraulic tomography (HT) are promising techniques for high-resolution characterization of surficial aquifer systems. HPT surveys provide rapid one-dimensional vertical profiles, while HT can estimate three-dimensional distributions of hydraulic parameters. This study evaluated the benefits of incorporating HPT profiles into HT for characterizing a highly heterogeneous glaciofluvial multi-aquifer-aquitard system. Results showed that combining HPT and HT improved the capture of spatial heterogeneity and refinement of layer boundaries, demonstrating the potential of these techniques for subsurface characterization.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Amirhossein Kamali, Ahmad Ghassemi, Dharmendra Kumar
Summary: An advanced numerical model is developed to investigate stimulation in naturally-fractured rocks. The model reveals that hydraulic fractures experience pressure drop upon intersection with natural fractures and may propagate in other directions. Simultaneous interaction with multiple natural fractures and/or stress barriers results in complex hydraulic fracture geometries.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Victoria Virano-Riquelme, Karl-Heinz Feger, Stefan Julich
Summary: This article provides a systematic overview of the current state of knowledge on the variations in soil hydraulic properties (SHP) based on forest type in temperate climates. It identifies the gaps and weaknesses in the literature and emphasizes the need for more studies following standardized methodologies to create a robust database.
Article
Oceanography
Stewart Angus, James D. Hansom
Summary: This study explores how resilience to climate change can be achieved and optimised within a complex, high-vulnerability, and low-elevation coastal zone, using Uist in Outer Hebrides, Scotland as a case study. It highlights the importance of combining nature-based and engineering-based solutions, sustained engagement with local communities, and compliance with policy context to enhance resilience in vulnerable areas.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Optics
Yen-Te Ho, Yu-Li Wang, Liang-Cheng Chang, Tzu-Pin Wang, Jui-Pin Tsai
Summary: The study presents a multilevel monitoring system (MLMS) developed using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology to observe the depth-discrete aquifer status. Laboratory and field tests demonstrated high accuracy and stability of the system in measuring groundwater parameters.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Joe Cartwright, Chris Kirkham, D. Nicolas Espinoza, David James, Neil Hodgson
Summary: This study investigates the depletion zones in the western Nile Cone, offshore Egypt, and describes their characteristics and relationship with the surrounding stratigraphy. A subset of 86 depletion zones associated with mud volcanoes were analyzed using a 3D seismic survey. These depletion zones are characterized by circular to elliptical planforms with a bowl or conical geometry, and they show truncational stratal relationships with their parent stratigraphic unit. A model for the evolution of depletion zones is proposed based on previous models developed for single source layer plumbing systems.
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Amir Mohamadi, Mahmoud Behnia, Mahmoud Alneasan
Summary: The study focuses on determining crustal stress using hydraulic fracturing and fracture mechanics methods, finding that stress magnitudes calculated by fracture mechanics approach are greater than those by classical methods. The research also investigates the impact of crack inclination angle and length on stress magnitudes, and analyzes the distribution of fluid pressure along cracks and its influence on stress intensity factor in crack tips.
BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Quan Guo, Yue Zhao, Chunhui Lu, Jian Luo
Summary: A hydraulic tomography - physics informed neural network (HT-PINN) is developed to efficiently and accurately invert large-scale spatially distributed transmissivity fields. The method involves jointly training all neural network models to minimize the total loss function, resulting in inversion map accuracy exceeding 95%. It also exhibits great scalability and structure robustness in inverting fields with different resolutions.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Carsten Leven, Warren Barrash
Summary: Fiber-optic pressure transducers offer high resolution and logistical advantages, making them a promising option for high-resolution hydrogeological testing and studying three-dimensional hydromechanical behavior.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jeremy R. Patterson, Michael Cardiff
Summary: Characterizing aquifer properties and their associated uncertainty is a challenge in hydrogeology. Using oscillatory flow interference testing can help characterize aquifer flow properties. Studies show that multi-frequency testing improves inversion performance and decreases parameter uncertainty.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Sebastian Mueller, Carsten Leven, Peter Dietrich, Sabine Attinger, Alraune Zech
Summary: This study introduces a workflow to estimate geostatistical aquifer parameters using the Python package welltestpy. The analysis is based on semi-analytical drawdown solution and type-curve analysis, which enables the inference of log-transmissivity variance and horizontal correlation length. Sensitivity study shows the impact of observation well positions on parameter estimation quality.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Catherine Christenson, David J. Hart, Michael Cardiff, Susan Richmond, Dante Fratta
Summary: This article presents a method for improving the communication of hydrologic data to the public by connecting data to video representations. The authors collected water-quality and geophysical data using multiple instruments mounted on a canoe and recorded video using GoPro cameras. The data was georeferenced and logged using an Arduino microcontroller. The results show that the low-cost sensors performed well and the data-rich video provided context for the measurements. This method enhances spatial understanding of hydrogeologic systems and facilitates communication and management of sensitive habitats.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Michael Cardiff, Laura Schachter, Jake Krause, Madeline Gotkowitz, Brian Austin
Summary: Increased nitrate concentrations in groundwater and surface waters due to modern agriculture is a widespread and significant environmental issue. However, there is a lack of understanding regarding the specific contributions of individual agricultural fields and practices. In this study, a minimally invasive approach using edge-of-field monitoring and tracer application was developed to calculate annual nitrogen loss to groundwater. Results from a commercial field in Wisconsin showed that nitrogen losses were similar to previous studies, with more than 25% of applied nitrogen leaching to groundwater each year. This method provides a reliable estimation of nitrogen loss when using certain conditions, such as injecting the tracer directly at the water table and analyzing nitrate concentrations in the laboratory.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lijing Wang, Peter K. Kitanidis, Jef Caers
Summary: Bayesian inversion is commonly used to quantify uncertainty of hydrological variables. This paper proposes a hierarchical Bayesian framework to quantify uncertainty of both global and spatial variables. The authors present a machine learning-based inversion method and a local dimension reduction method to efficiently estimate posterior probabilities and update spatial fields. Using three case studies, they demonstrate the importance of quantifying uncertainty of global variables for predictions and the acceleration effect of the local PCA approach.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Water Resources
Mojtaba Forghani, Yizhou Qian, Jonghyun Lee, Matthew Farthing, Tyler Hesser, Peter K. Kitanidis, Eric F. Darve
Summary: This article presents a reduced-order model (ROM) based approach that utilizes a variational autoencoder (VAE) to compress bathymetry and flow velocity information, allowing for fast solving of bathymetry inverse problems. By constructing ROMs on a nonlinear manifold and employing a Hierarchical Bayesian setting, variational inference and efficient uncertainty quantification can be achieved using a small number of ROM runs.
ADVANCES IN WATER RESOURCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xueyuan Kang, Amalia Kokkinaki, Xiaoqing Shi, Hongkyu Yoon, Jonghyun Lee, Peter K. Kitanidis, Jichun Wu
Summary: This study presents a framework that combines a deep-learning-based inversion method with a process-based upscaled model to estimate source zone architecture (SZA) metrics and mass discharge from sparse data. By improving the estimation method, the upscaled model accurately reproduces the concentrations and uncertainties of multistage effluents, providing valuable input for decision making in remediation applications.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kan Bun Cheng, Gedeon Dagan, Warren Barrash, Michael Cardiff, Avinoam Rabinovich
Summary: Characterizing aquifer heterogeneity is crucial for accurate flow and transport modeling. This study presents a new approach for statistically analyzing hydraulic properties in continuous pumping tomography tests of phreatic aquifers. The method involves determining equivalent hydraulic conductivity, specific storage, and specific yield at multiple locations and calculating statistical moments assuming random space variables. The results show that the spatial averages of the equivalent properties decrease with distance from the pumping well and stabilize at larger distances, consistent with existing theory.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jeremy R. R. Patterson, Michael Cardiff
Summary: Fractured sedimentary bedrock aquifers are complex flow systems with fast fractures and slow porous media-dominated flow paths. Previous studies have used oscillatory flow testing to characterize single bedrock fractures but relied on an idealized analytical model. This study extends the testing to fractured sedimentary bedrock and suggests that other hydraulic processes are needed to accurately represent pressure propagation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Francesco Chidichimo, Michele De Biase, Antonio Tursi, Mario Maiolo, Salvatore Straface, Mariafrancesca Baratta, Fabrizio Olivito, Giovanni De Filpo
Summary: This study develops a mathematical model for the adsorption-desorption process of water dissolved elements during filtering operations under dynamic flow conditions. The model is based on a reversible second order adsorption kinetic, which considers the reduction in purifying capacity due to the exhaustion of active sites. The model can be used to simulate filtering system performances and estimate the adsorption properties of reactive material.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Water Resources
Francesco Chidichimo, Michele De Biase, Francesco Muto, Salvatore Straface
Summary: The productivity of metamorphic aquifers is generally lower than that of alluvial and carbonates aquifers. In the Calabria region of Italy, where water scarcity and extensive metamorphic water bodies are present, further studies are needed to understand the hydrodynamic properties and achieve sustainable exploitation. This study focused on the geological-structural and hydrogeological modeling of a metamorphic aquifer in the Sila Piccola area of Calabria, using direct and indirect data measurement.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Simon Meunier, Peter K. Kitanidis, Amaury Cordier, Alan M. MacDonald
Summary: This study develops a numerical model to simulate the abstraction capacities of photovoltaic water pumping systems across Africa using openly available data. The model includes realistic geological constraints on pumping depth and sub-hourly irradiance time series. The simulation results show that for much of Africa, groundwater pumping using photovoltaic energy is limited by aquifer conditions rather than irradiance. These findings can help identify regions with high potential for photovoltaic pumping and guide large-scale investments.
COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Francesco Chidichimo, Paolo Catelan, Valeria Lupiano, Salvatore Straface, Salvatore Di Gregorio
Summary: This study forecasts the impact of lahars triggered by the Cotopaxi volcano on the Hidroagoyan Dam in Ecuador, particularly in the event of a catastrophic eruption similar to the one in 1877, which would have disastrous implications for the country's energy production. By simulating the path of the lahars, the semi-empirical Cellular Automata LLUNPIY model was applied to model the flow from the volcano summit to the dam. The likely consequences of a similar disaster were discussed considering the current territorial conditions.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Antonio Tursi, Mariafrancesca Baratta, Thomas Easton, Efthalia Chatzisymeon, Francesco Chidichimo, Michele De Biase, Giovanni De Filpo
Summary: Plastic use has caused significant environmental problems, particularly the impact of microplastics on aquatic ecosystems and living beings' health. It is crucial to address these issues and develop effective removal techniques to minimize environmental impacts.