Review
Oncology
Tanner J. Wetzel, Sheila C. Erfan, Lucas D. Figueroa, Leighton M. Wheeler, Elitsa A. Ananieva
Summary: Arginine, glutamine, and BCAAs play important roles in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells and impact the function of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Cancer cells overexpress metabolic enzymes that specialize in breaking down these amino acids, allowing them to acquire necessary energy and biosynthetic precursors. By manipulating amino acid metabolism, cancer cells deprive infiltrating immune cells of essential nutrients. Understanding this metabolic interaction may provide targets for therapeutic interventions.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Roni Dhaher, Shaun E. Gruenbaum, Mani Ratnesh S. Sandhu, Sigrid Ottestad-Hansen, Nathan Tu, Yue Wang, Tih-Shih W. Lee, Ketaki Deshpande, Dennis D. Spencer, Niels Christian Danbolt, Hitten P. Zaveri, Tore Eid
Summary: Glutamate and GABA play important roles in the formation of epilepsy networks and the initiation and propagation of spontaneous seizures, providing insights into the pathogenesis of epilepsy.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Roni Dhaher, Shaun E. Gruenbaum, Mani Ratnesh S. Sandhu, Sigrid Ottestad-Hansen, Nathan Tu, Yue Wang, Tih-Shih W. Lee, Ketaki Deshpande, Dennis D. Spencer, Niels Christian Danbolt, Hitten P. Zaveri, Tore Eid
Summary: The study found that changes in glutamate and GABA levels may play important roles in the formation of epilepsy networks and the initiation and propagation of spontaneous seizures during epileptogenesis.
Article
Cell Biology
Deyang Yu, Nicole E. Richardson, Cara L. Green, Alexandra B. Spicer, Michaela E. Murphy, Victoria Flores, Cholsoon Jang, Ildiko Kasza, Maria Nikodemova, Matthew H. Wakai, Jay L. Tomasiewicz, Shany E. Yang, Blake R. Miller, Heidi H. Pak, Jacqueline A. Brinkman, Jennifer M. Rojas, William J. Quinn, Eunhae P. Cheng, Elizabeth N. Konon, Lexington R. Haider, Megan Finke, Michelle Sonsalla, Caroline M. Alexander, Joshua D. Rabinowitz, Joseph A. Baur, Kristen C. Malecki, Dudley W. Lamming
Summary: The study found that different branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have distinct metabolic effects, with low isoleucine diet improving hepatic insulin sensitivity and energy expenditure. It is suggested that reducing isoleucine may be a new approach to treating and preventing obesity and diabetes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ying Zhang, Baozhen Li, Pei Luo, Yingnan Xian, Runlin Xiao, Jinshui Wu
Summary: High-strength ammonium poses a significant threat to the rural ecological environment, while Myriophyllum aquaticum wetlands have high tolerance and removal rate of NH4+. This study reveals that GS inhibition can lead to phytotoxicity in M. aquaticum by causing NH4+ accumulation through affecting nitrogen metabolism and amino acid synthesis.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Roni Dhaher, Eric C. Chen, Edgar Perez, Amedeo Rapuano, Mani Ratnesh S. Sandhu, Shaun E. Gruenbaum, Ketaki Deshpande, Feng Dai, Hitten P. Zaveri, Tore Eid
Summary: Oral glutamine supplementation may temporarily increase the severity of convulsive seizures in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, without affecting seizure frequency.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
C. W. Maynard, G. J. Mullenix, C. J. Maynard, J. T. Lee, S. K. Rao, L. D. Butler, S. K. Orlowski, M. T. Kidd
Summary: Reducing dietary crude protein may lead to branched chain amino acid antagonism, negatively affecting broiler live performance and carcass traits. Two factorial studies found that interactions between valine and leucine did not influence performance or carcass traits, but affected the severity of woody breast. Increasing valine slightly increased feed intake, while isoleucine influenced tender yield. No interactions were observed between valine and isoleucine.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marek J. Pawlik, Blanca I. Aldana, Lautaro F. Belfiori-Carrasco, Marta Obara-Michlewska, Mariusz P. Popek, Anna Maria Czarnecka, Jan Albrecht
Summary: The study showed that non-convulsive dose of MSO delayed initial Pilo-induced seizures by interfering with synaptic Glu-release, not with neurotransmitter Glu recycling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lee M. Margolis, J. Philip Karl, Marques A. Wilson, Julie L. Coleman, Claire C. Whitney, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: This study utilized global metabolomics to identify metabolic factors contributing to muscle anabolic resistance, showing that when aerobic exercise is initiated with low muscle glycogen, there is a greater reliance on branched-chain amino acid and acyl-carnitine metabolism. This suggests a mechanistic explanation for anabolic resistance in low muscle glycogen states and indicates a potential need for higher exogenous branched-chain amino acid intake for muscle recovery optimization.
Article
Oncology
Robert Schoeppe, Nathalie Babl, Sonja-Maria Decking, Gabriele Schoenhammer, Andreas Siegmund, Christina Bruss, Katja Dettmer, Peter J. Oefner, Linus Frick, Anna Weigert, Jonathan Jantsch, Wolfgang Herr, Michael Rehli, Kathrin Renner, Marina Kreutz
Summary: Glutamine synthetase (GS) is important for the survival of tumor cells in a glutamine deficient environment, but its impact on survival and function of myeloid cells is minimal except for the monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. Inhibition of GS also targets immune cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, reducing their survival and reversing the proliferation rescue of THP-1 cells caused by glutamate supplementation.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aikaterini Dimou, Vasilis Tsimihodimos, Eleni Bairaktari
Summary: Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, play crucial roles in protein synthesis regulation and various physiological and metabolic processes such as glucose homeostasis. However, defective catabolism of BCAAs, due to altered enzymatic activity, has been investigated in nutritional and disease states, contributing to the pathogenesis of conditions like diabetes, heart failure, and cancer. Restoring the dysregulated BCAA catabolism may improve outcomes and prevent serious complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
R. Kriseldi, M. Silva, J. Lee, R. Adhikari, C. Williams, A. Corzo
Summary: This study aimed to understand the impact of dietary branched-chain amino acid ratios on the performance of male broilers. The results showed that diets with lower Leu:Lys ratios optimized live performance, while increasing Leu:Lys and Ile:Lys ratios enhanced meat yield.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hayden R. Kerkaert, Henrique S. Cemin, Jason C. Woodworth, Joel M. DeRouchey, Steve S. Dritz, Mike D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Keith D. Haydon, Chad W. Hastad, Zach B. Post
Summary: Increasing Val or Ile in high L-Lys-HCl-DDGS-based diets improved growth performance compared with pigs fed diets containing high levels of L-Lys HCl without added Val and Ile. These results suggest that adjusting the ratios of Val and Ile relative to Lys in diets can reverse the negative effects of high Leu concentrations in corn-DDGS-based diets.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. T. Kidd, F. Poernama, T. Wibowo, C. W. Maynard, S. Y. Liu
Summary: Valine and isoleucine limitation in broiler chicken diets requires further study. Female broilers are more sensitive to BCAA diet manipulation, requiring increases in isoleucine to offset the negative effects of increasing leucine. Increasing dietary valine and isoleucine can improve breast meat yield in female broilers, particularly when fed the lowest levels of leucine.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yasmine A. Hassan, Maged W. Helmy, Asser Ghoneim
Summary: The study evaluated the anti-proliferative effects of different amino acids on human HCC cell lines, revealing that leucine and glutamine have significant anti-proliferative effects, while methionine only affects the viability of HepG2 cells. Deprivation of amino acids can suppress cell proliferation and influence the response to epigenetic therapy.
NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)