Article
Biology
Zhao-Bo Luo, Shengzhong Han, Xi-Jun Yin, Hongye Liu, Junxia Wang, Meifu Xuan, Chunyun Hao, Danqi Wang, Yize Liu, Shuangyan Chang, Dongxu Li, Kai Gao, Huiling Li, Biaohu Quan, Lin-Hu Quan, Jin-Dan Kang
Summary: The host genome and intestinal microbiota have mutual influences on each other. Deletion of the myostatin (MSTN) gene in pigs positively regulates the expression of tight junction-related genes in the intestine, leading to changes in the structure of the intestinal microbiota. Transplantation of the intestinal microbiota from MSTN-deficient pigs into mice resulted in increased muscle growth and higher levels of short-chain fatty acids.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Opeyemi O. O. Adekolurejo, Katie McDermott, Henry M. R. Greathead, Helen M. M. Miller, Alan R. R. Mackie, Christine Boesch
Summary: Weaning causes gut microbiota disruption and post-weaning diarrhea. Red beetroot, containing bioactive compounds, has potential to improve gut microbiota dysbiosis and promote gut metabolite production in weaned pigs. In this study, weaned pigs were fed diets supplemented with different levels of red beetroot, and the results showed that 2% red beetroot improved gut microbial richness while 4% led to decreased cecal diversity and reduced short chain fatty acids and secondary bile acid concentrations. Red beetroot has components that can improve gut microbiota and metabolite output of weaned pigs.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Xiaoyuan Wei, Tsungcheng Tsai, Samantha Howe, Jiangchao Zhao
Summary: The review highlights the crucial role of gut microbiota in maintaining host health and discusses the use of dietary supplements to modulate gut microbiota for improving the growth performance and well-being of nursery pigs.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hao Li, Longteng Ma, Zhiqing Li, Jie Yin, Bie Tan, Jiashun Chen, Qian Jiang, Xiaokang Ma
Summary: The study described the evolution of gut microbiota of an indigenous pig breed, Ningxiang pigs (NXP), with dietary factors playing a major role. The response of fiber-degrading bacteria at different stages may help NXP better adapt to plant-derived feeds.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Pan Yang, Jinbiao Zhao
Summary: Dietary fibers play a crucial role in promoting intestinal health by modulating gut microbiota and SCFA production. However, different types of dietary fibers from edible sources may have divergent impacts on gut health, energy metabolism, and microbial composition. More attention should be focused on the varying responses of different dietary fibers intake on host metabolism and health.
FOOD SCIENCE & NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jia-Jia Wen, Ming-Zhi Li, Jie-Lun Hu, Hui-Zi Tan, Shao-Ping Nie
Summary: Resistant starches have beneficial impacts on human health, such as reducing fat accumulation, regulating blood glucose metabolism and insulin levels, and protecting the gut. The gut microbiota plays a key role in mediating the effects of resistant starches, with short-chain fatty acids acting as a link between them. Resistant starches can improve the metabolism of gut microbiota and increase the abundance of beneficial microbes. The composition of gut microbiota is influenced by the properties of resistant starch, particularly the fine structures and types of crystallinities. Different types of resistant starches are consumed to varying degrees by gut microbiota, which has potential applications in the production of functional foods for gut health.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Else Verbeek, Linda Keeling, Rikard Landberg, Jan Erik Lindberg, Johan Dicksved
Summary: This study found differences in gut microbiota composition, SCFA profiles, and other aspects between tail biter pigs and controls, supporting an association between gut microbiota and tail biting in pigs. Further research is needed to confirm these associations and explore the role of SCFA profiles in the development of tail biting behavior.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bret M. Rust, Matthew J. Picklo, Lin Yan, Aaron A. Mehus, Huawei Zeng
Summary: Time-restricted feeding is an effective method to reduce the risk of obesity-related metabolic diseases by altering nutrient absorption, fecal microbiome, and lipidome. The study found that different feeding timing and fat content can affect fecal fatty acid levels and the composition of microbiota.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Peter C. Lehman, Nicole Cady, Sudeep Ghimire, Shailesh K. Shahi, Rachel L. Shrode, Hans-Joachim Lehmler, Ashutosh K. Mangalam
Summary: The widespread use of glyphosate has raised concerns about its safety for humans. Recent studies have shown that glyphosate may cause toxic effects on human health by modulating the gut microbiome. However, the mechanistic links and the effects of glyphosate on gut homeostasis at doses within the acceptable limit are not well understood. In this study, using mice as a model, the researchers found that glyphosate exposure at doses close to the acceptable daily intake significantly altered the composition of gut microbiota and caused intestinal inflammation.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mariem Chamtouri, Naoufel Gaddour, Abderrahmen Merghni, Maha Mastouri, Silvia Arboleya, Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilan
Summary: Alterations in gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids have been observed in autistic children in Tunisia. The differences in gut microbiota composition, specifically lower abundance of Bifidobacterium, were more pronounced in younger children with severe autism. Higher levels of propionic and valeric acids were also found in younger autistic children, but these differences disappeared as they grew older.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jie Ma, Yehui Duan, Rui Li, Xiaoxiao Liang, Tiejun Li, Xingguo Huang, Yulong Yin, Jie Yin
Summary: A comparison of lipid metabolism and microbial profiles between Shaziling pigs and Yorkshire pigs revealed significant differences in liver lipids, lipid-related gene expressions, microbial diversity, and beneficial bacteria abundance. The study also identified differentiated metabolites in the mucosa and their correlation with microbial species, highlighting the role of gut microbiota in host metabolism. Additionally, the enrichment of Lactobacillus johnsonii in Shaziling pigs was found to promote lipid metabolism and obesity in Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire (DLY) pigs, providing a novel approach to enhance fat content in lean pigs.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Qianqian Song, Yikun Wang, Lixing Huang, Mingyue Shen, Yue Yu, Qiang Yu, Yi Chen, Jianhua Xie
Summary: Intestinal flora plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the human body's ecosystem. By interacting with polysaccharides, the gut microbiota can be regulated to improve health and prevent disease. Polysaccharides, as prebiotics, have the potential to enhance human health by modulating the composition of gut microbiota.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xincheng Wu, Xiaojun Huang, Wanning Ma, Mingzhi Li, Jiajia Wen, Chunhua Chen, Liandi Liu, Shaoping Nie
Summary: This study compared the intestinal immunomodulatory mechanisms of nine representative bioactive polysaccharides. The results revealed that these polysaccharides promote intestinal immunity through different ways, such as alleviating immune suppression in intestinal mucosal T cells, improving the intestinal microenvironment, promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria, inhibiting the colonization of harmful bacteria, and alleviating the accumulation of certain metabolites in the large intestine. These findings provide a guideline for the development of superior intestinal immunomodulatory polysaccharides.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Chaomin Yin, Xin Qiao, Xiuzhi Fan, Zheya Chen, Fen Yao, Defang Shi, Yuhong Li, Hong Gao
Summary: Polysaccharides from Schizophyllum commune, both normal and gamma-irradiated, were shown to prevent weight gain, enhance kidney uric acid metabolism, and increase the concentration of SCFAs in mice. Additionally, these polysaccharides promoted the growth of beneficial gut microbiota and inhibited harmful bacteria. Gamma-irradiated polysaccharides demonstrated better effects in preventing weight gain and modulating the gut microbiota of mice, indicating their potential as a health supplement for obesity prevention.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marta C. Coelho, Celia Costa, Dalila Roupar, Sara Silva, A. Sebastiao Rodrigues, Jose A. Teixeira, Manuela E. Pintado
Summary: Several studies have shown that prebiotics and probiotics have positive effects on gut microbiota. This study aimed to assess the fermentability of tomato flour obtained through different extraction methods and its impact on specific microbiota groups. The results showed that the tomato flour could support the growth of Bifidus longum, and different strains of probiotics had different responses to the flour depending on their carbohydrate profiles. The study also found correlations between microbial growth, short-chain fatty acids, and the different extraction methods.