Targeting the CD80/CD86 costimulatory pathway with CTLA4-Ig directs microglia toward a repair phenotype and promotes axonal outgrowth

What is microglia neurotoxicity (Not)?

(2014) Knut Biber et al.   GLIA

TGFβ produced by IL-10 redirected astrocytes attenuates microglial activation

(2014) Diana M. Norden et al.   GLIA

Astrocyte galectin-9 potentiates microglial TNF secretion

(2014) Andrew J Steelman et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Microglia trigger astrocyte-mediated neuroprotection via purinergic gliotransmission

(2014) Youichi Shinozaki et al.   Scientific Reports

CTLA-4Ig immunotherapy of obesity-induced insulin resistance by manipulation of macrophage polarization in adipose tissues

(2013) Masakazu Fujii et al.   BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Characterization of phenotype markers and neuronotoxic potential of polarised primary microglia in vitro

(2013) Vibol Chhor et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Astrocytes inhibit nitric oxide-dependent Ca2+dynamics in activated microglia: Involvement of ATP released via pannexin 1 channels

(2013) Juan A. Orellana et al.   GLIA

Astrocytes inhibit microglial surface expression of dendritic cell-related co-stimulatory molecules through a contact-mediated process

(2013) Giselles Acevedo et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

Activation of microglial cells triggers a release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) inducing their proliferation in an adenosine A2A receptor-dependent manner: A2A receptor blockade prevents BDNF release and proliferation of microglia

(2013) Catarina Gomes et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Microglia Control Neuronal Network Excitability via BDNF Signalling

(2013) Francesco Ferrini et al.   NEURAL PLASTICITY

Neurotrophin regulation of neural circuit development and function

(2012) Hyungju Park et al.   NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor from microglia: a molecular substrate for neuropathic pain

(2012) Tuan Trang et al.   Neuron Glia Biology

Review: Activation patterns of microglia and their identification in the human brain

(2012) D. Boche et al.   NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY

The Spider Effect: Morphological and Orienting Classification of Microglia in Response to Stimuli in Vivo

(2012) Rahul A. Jonas et al.   PLoS One

The Yin and Yang of Microglia

(2011) Melinda Czeh et al.   DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 immunogloblin promotes neuronal differentiation in the grafts of embryonic stem cell-derived neural precursor cells

(2011) M. Shinoyama et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

Microglia activation triggers astrocyte-mediated modulation of excitatory neurotransmission

(2011) O. Pascual et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A Phase III Study of Belatacept-based Immunosuppression Regimens versus Cyclosporine in Renal Transplant Recipients (BENEFIT Study)

(2010) F. Vincenti et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION

Microglia dynamics and function in the CNS

(2010) Christopher N Parkhurst et al.   CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY

Alternatives to calcineurin inhibition in renal transplantation: belatacept, the first co-stimulation blocker

(2010) Nicolas Poirier et al.   Immunotherapy

CD28 and CTLA-4 coreceptor expression and signal transduction

(2009) Christopher E. Rudd et al.   IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS

Increased Synthesis of Spermidine as a Result of Upregulation of Arginase I Promotes Axonal Regeneration in Culture and In Vivo

(2009) K. Deng et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Identification of Two Distinct Macrophage Subsets with Divergent Effects Causing either Neurotoxicity or Regeneration in the Injured Mouse Spinal Cord

(2009) K. A. Kigerl et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Stress is critical for LPS-induced activation of microglia and damage in the rat hippocampus

(2009) A.M. Espinosa-Oliva et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING

Differential Role for CD80 and CD86 in the Regulation of the Innate Immune Response in Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis

(2009) Anna Nolan et al.   PLoS One

Microglial Involvement in Neuroplastic Changes Following Focal Brain Ischemia in Rats

(2009) Alexandre Madinier et al.   PLoS One

CTLA4-Ig interacts with cultured synovial macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis patients and downregulates cytokine production

(2009) Maurizio Cutolo et al.   ARTHRITIS RESEARCH & THERAPY

Arginase-1–Expressing Macrophages Suppress Th2 Cytokine–Driven Inflammation and Fibrosis

(2009) John T. Pesce et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Region-specific expression of immunoregulatory proteins on microglia in the healthy CNS

(2008) Alexander H. de Haas et al.   GLIA

CTLA4Ig treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis: An open-label, phase 1 clinical trial

(2008) V. Viglietta et al.   NEUROLOGY