Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Joanna Nguyen, Devon Richtsmeier, Kris Iniewski, Magdalena Bazalova-Carter
Summary: Food x-ray inspection systems are designed to detect physical contaminants in packaged food, and a new generation of systems using photon counting detectors can improve discrimination of low density contaminants.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Y. Yeyu, J. Wenbao, H. Daqian, S. Aiyun, C. Can, Q. Mengcheng, Z. Gangqiang, J. Limin, T. Yajun
Summary: In this study, a method based on multi-energy X-ray transmission and machine learning was proposed for the accurate identification and classification of magnesium and aluminum in scrap metal recycling, achieving high recognition rates of 96.43% and 98.81% respectively.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
J. Nguyen, P-A Rodesch, D. Richtsmeier, K. Iniewski, M. Bazalova-Carter
Summary: X-ray inspection systems are important in ensuring food safety in the food industry, but detecting small, low-density contaminants remains a challenge. Utilizing a CZT PCD with optimized energy bin weighting scheme can significantly improve image quality, resulting in contrast-to-noise ratio improvements ranging between 1.02-1.91 relative to an equivalent EID acquisition.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
D. Richtsmeier, E. Guliyev, K. Iniewski, M. Bazalova-Carter
Summary: The recent advancements in CdZnTe (CZT) sensors have led to increased commercial use of high-flux photon-counting detectors (PCDs) in non-destructive testing (NDT), particularly in applications such as food inspection. By analyzing pulse height and sorting x-rays into energy bins, PCDs offer better detection capabilities than traditional radiography. Parameters such as energy thresholds and pixel binning schemes can optimize contaminant detectability in x-ray images.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
R. Nishimura, S. Kishimoto, T. Sasaki, S. Mitsui, M. Shinya, Y. Arai, T. Miyoshi
Summary: INTPIX4NA is an integration-type silicon-on-insulator pixel detector developed for residual stress measurement using X-rays. It demonstrates good performance with high modulation transfer function and energy resolution.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
N. Tartoni
Summary: This note discusses the evolution of crystallography detectors at Diamond Light Source since its operation and how it has influenced experimental methods. It also highlights the upcoming detector challenges due to the planned upgrade of the machine, which will result in an increase in photon flux.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Gerardo Roque, Michael K. Schutz, Julian Fey, Juan S. Useche, Michael Fiederle, Simon Procz
Summary: This work presents the capabilities of a state-of-the-art spectroscopic photon-counting hybrid pixel detector for non-destructive testing, particularly for contaminant detection in the food and pharmaceutical industries. By combining sub-pixel imaging with spectroscopic imaging analysis, different substances can be distinguished and contaminant visibility can be enhanced. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this technique for material visibility enhancement.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Z. Chen, G. Crevatin, I Horswell, J. Spiers, D. Omar, S. Williams, N. Tartoni
Summary: This paper introduces the Tristan10M detector based on the Timepix3 ASIC, which has 10 million pixels and is suitable for time-resolved experiments. The detector is organized in modules and has been characterized in terms of threshold equalization, energy calibration, and flat-field correction. Initial commissioning experiments have been carried out at the Diamond light source, including X-ray powder diffraction for inter-module alignment evaluation.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hao Li, Zhaowei Teng, Min Zhou, Tao Ji, Yang Yue, Hui Ying Yang, Jianbei Qiu, Qingyuan Wang, Xuhui Xu, Xue Yu
Summary: Researchers have developed an organic metal halide scintillator that can address the light scattering issue in X-ray imaging. This scintillator has thermoplastic characteristics and can be used as an adhesive paint, fundamentally solving the problem of light scattering. It has good processability and recyclability, making it suitable for the development of low-cost X-ray detectors and imagers.
ACS MATERIALS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
R. Huang, W. Cui, J. Y. Liao, S. Zhang, S. F. Wang, J. Jin, X. F. Lu, C. C. Guo, Y. You, G. Li, J. Zhang
Summary: In this study, we present an X-ray spectrum of the diffuse X-ray background (DXRB) between 1.5 and 120 keV based on observations from the Insight-HXMT satellite. Our data analysis shows that the best-fitting model for the DXRB spectrum is a power law with a cutoff energy of 55 keV and a photon index of 1.40.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shuo Feng, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Yucheng Fu, Zhuo Li, Yulong Wang, Jie Bao, Zhijie Xu, Guosheng Li, Cassidy Anderson, Lili Shi, Yuehe Lin, Peter G. Khalifah, Wei Wang, Jun Liu, Jie Xiao, Dongping Lu
Summary: In this study, a simple strategy was demonstrated for constructing low-tortuosity through-pores in both vertical and planar directions of electrodes by casting large particles into single-particle-layer electrodes. Through multi-scale characterizations and simulations, correlations between material/electrode structures, electrolyte permeability, polysulfide migration, and sulfur reactions were elucidated. The high-loading and dense sulfur cathode fabricated by this method delivers a high specific capacity at a very low electrolyte/sulfur ratio.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Donato, L. M. Arana Pena, D. Bonazza, V Formoso, R. Longo, G. Tromba, L. Brombal
Summary: X-ray phase-contrast coupled with high-spatial resolution imaging systems allows for the distinction of soft tissue structures in small samples, making it suitable for X-ray virtual histology. This study optimized acquisition parameters and used a suitable phase retrieval filter to achieve virtual histology imaging of breast surgery specimens.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aleks Reinhardt, Mandy Bethkenhagen, Federica Coppari, Marius Millot, Sebastien Hamel, Bingqing Cheng
Summary: Through large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we studied the phase behavior of high-pressure ice. The results indicate that some ice phases with a body-centered cubic oxygen lattice belong to the same thermodynamic phase under different conditions, while superionic ice has a first-order phase boundary. Furthermore, at higher pressures, the activation barrier for ice transformation gradually increases. Our study reveals peculiar solid-solid transition mechanisms in high-pressure ice phases.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
D. Serini, F. Loparco, M. N. Mazziotta, S. De Gaetano, L. Di Venere, F. Gargano, L. Lorusso, G. Panzarini, R. Pillera
Summary: The Sun serves as a potential source for studying dark matter through indirect searches. This study investigates a scenario where dark matter annihilates into long-lived mediators that can escape from the Sun and decay into gamma rays. By analyzing data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope, no significant excess in the solar gamma-ray spectrum is observed, leading to constraints on the dark matter-nucleon scattering cross sections.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
E. S. Kammoun, D. Barret, P. Peille, R. Willingale, T. Dauser, J. Wilms, M. Guainazzi, J. M. Miller
Summary: This study presents a new method for analyzing the spectra obtained from defocused observations with the X-IFU. The method successfully reconstructs the spectra of bright sources without bias. The uncertainty in our knowledge of the PSF as a function of energy is also discussed and its impact on the results is evaluated.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
A. K. Schuster, K. Voigt, B. Klemmed, N. J. Hartley, J. Luetgert, M. Zhang, C. Baehtz, A. Benad, C. Brabetz, T. Cowan, T. Doeppner, D. J. Erb, A. Eychmueller, S. Facsko, R. W. Falcone, L. B. Fletcher, S. Frydrych, G. C. Ganzenmuller, D. O. Gericke, S. H. Glenzer, J. Grenzer, U. Helbig, S. Hiermaier, R. Huebner, A. Laso Garcia, H. J. Lee, M. J. MacDonald, E. E. McBride, P. Neumayer, A. Pak, A. Pelka, I Prencipe, A. Prosvetov, A. Rack, A. Ravasio, R. Redmer, D. Reemts, M. Roedel, M. Schoelmerich, D. Schumacher, M. Tomut, S. J. Turner, A. M. Saunders, P. Sun, J. Vorberger, A. Zettl, D. Kraus
Summary: This study presents the dynamics of free-surface release clouds from compressed polystyrene and pyrolytic graphite, which transform into diamond or lonsdaleite under high pressures. The clouds are released into vacuum or catcher systems and monitored using high-speed recordings. Molecular dynamics simulations provide insights into the preservation rate of diamond during expansion and impact, highlighting the challenges of retrieval. Raman spectroscopy confirms the transformation of compressed polystyrene into graphite, and electron microscopy analysis reveals numerous spherical-like objects on catcher plates, potentially diamonds.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
G. T. Bokman, L. Biasiori-Poulanges, B. Lukic, C. Bourquard, D. W. Meyer, A. Rack, O. Supponen
Summary: The dynamics of laser-induced cavitation bubbles at different distances from a rigid boundary was studied using high-speed synchrotron x-ray phase-contrast imaging. A specialized experimental chamber was designed to reduce x-ray absorption and mitigate boundary effects. The highly resolved radiographs showed clear bubble interfaces, which could be used as benchmarks for numerical simulations. The measured bubble shapes were compared to simulations using the incompressible boundary integral method. Accurate measurements of the liquid jet speed and the temporal evolution of the bubble cavity were obtained through optical access, and the results were contrasted with simulations. Splashing within the cavity resulting from the jet impact, known as Blake's splashing, was observed and characterized for certain stand-off parameters. Measurements extracted from the visualizations were validated against scaling laws and contributed to confirming and explaining the splashing phenomenon.
Article
Crystallography
Nourou Amadou, Abdoul Razak Ayouba Abdoulaye, Thibaut De Resseguier, Andre Dragon
Summary: Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate the strain-rate dependence of plasticity and phase transition in [001]-oriented single-crystal iron under ramp compression. Plasticity is governed by deformation twinning, where the kinetics is closely related to the loading rate. A hardening-like effect shifts the onset of the bcc-to-hcp phase transition to a high stress during the ramp compression regime. However, in shock wave conditions, the bcc-hcp transition is triggered when the strain rate associated with plastic deformation reaches a critical value, resulting in a constitutive functional dependence of the transition onset stress on the plastic deformation rate, consistent with experimental data under laser compression.
Article
Physics, Applied
Carles Bosch, Joerg Lindenau, Alexandra Pacureanu, Christopher J. Peddie, Marta Majkut, Andrew C. Douglas, Raffaella Carzaniga, Alexander Rack, Lucy Collinson, Andreas T. Schaefer, Heiko Stegmann
Summary: Correlative multimodal imaging is a valuable method for investigating complex structural relations in life sciences. It requires establishing sample preparation workflows that are compatible with multiple imaging techniques. This can involve imaging a fluorescently labeled region of interest in a biological soft tissue sample with light microscopy before staining the specimen with heavy metals for higher resolution structural imaging.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Physics, Applied
Federica Coppari, Thibaut de Resseguier, Sergey Razorenov, Toshimori Sekine, Eugene Zaretsky
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Benjamin Zielinski, Tarik Sadat, Bratislav Lukic, Gregory Haugou, Herve Morvan, Alexander Rack, Eric Markiewicz, Laurent Dubar
Summary: Magnetic Pulse Welding (MPW) is a growing method for joining dissimilar materials like aluminum and copper. Conventional tests are often used to evaluate the overall mechanical properties of the joint, but they cannot capture the local mechanical properties or the behavior of the joint under high strain rates. This study used specially designed samples of Al/Cu to investigate the mechanical properties of the joint through high strain-rate loading and synchrotron X-ray radiography. The results showed a correlation between the evolution of the joint interface and the presence of pre-existing cracks.
Article
Mechanics
J. Strucka, B. Lukic, M. Koerner, J. W. D. Halliday, Y. Yao, K. Mughal, D. Maler, S. Efimov, J. Skidmore, A. Rack, Y. Krasik, J. Chittenden, S. N. Bland
Summary: We propose a new technique for investigating hydrodynamic phenomena driven by shocks in gases, liquids, and solids. This technique involves the use of pulsed power-driven resistive wire arrays and multi-MHz synchrotron radiography, offering advantages such as flexible shockwave geometry, high-pressure generation, single-experiment data acquisition, and compression ratio estimation. The technique also allows for high-resolution volumetric characterization using synchrotron-based microtomography. A Richtmyer-Meshkov instability experiment is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique, showing consistent results with theoretical predictions and observing additional effects unique to liquids and solids.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shiva Shirani, Ana Cuesta, Alejandro Morales-Cantero, Isabel Santacruz, Ana Diaz, Pavel Trtik, Mirko Holler, Alexander Rack, Bratislav Lukic, Emmanuel Brun, Ines R. Salcedo, Miguel A. G. Aranda
Summary: Despite decades of research, our understanding of cement dissolution and precipitation processes at early stages is still limited due to the lack of suitable imaging methods. In this study, near-field ptychographic nanotomography was used to visualize the hydration of commercial Portland cement in a thick capillary. The results show the formation of a porous C-S-H gel shell with a thickness of 500 nm after 19 hours, covering all the alite grains with a water gap. The dissolution rate of smaller alite grains was found to be approximately four times faster than that of larger grains in the deceleration stage. The study also mapped out the development of etch pits and measured particle size distributions over time. This work lays the foundation for mechanistic studies of dissolution-precipitation processes in cement using advanced nanoimaging techniques.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Umut T. T. Sanli, Griffin Rodgers, Marie-Christine Zdora, Peng Qi, Jan Garrevoet, Ken Vidar Falch, Bert Mueller, Christian David, Joan Vila-Comamala
Summary: This article introduces an X-ray apochromatic lens system using a Fresnel zone plate and a diverging compound refractive lens with a tuned separation distance. The energy-dependent performance of this apochromat was evaluated by ptychographic reconstruction of the focal spot and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy of a resolution test sample. The apochromat delivered a reconstructed focal spot size of 940 x 740 nm(2), showing a four-fold improvement in chromatic aberration correction range compared to an achromatic doublet configuration. Thus, apochromatic X-ray optics have the potential to increase focal spot intensity for a wide variety of X-ray applications.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tilman A. Grunewald, Andreas Johannes, Nina K. Wittig, Jonas Palle, Alexander Rack, Manfred Burghammer, Henrik Birkedal
Summary: Bone is a complex tissue consisting of collagen fibrils and biomineral nanoparticles. This study used X-ray scattering, diffraction, and computed tomography to investigate the structural properties of cement lines and lamellar bone in human bones. The results showed that the mineral properties vary near the Haversian canal and that cement lines have different mineral properties compared to the surrounding bone. These findings have implications for bone formation and mechanics.
Correction
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tilman A. Grunewald, Andreas Johannes, Nina K. Wittig, Jonas Palle, Alexander Rack, Manfred Burghammer, Henrik Birkedal
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Christine Knabe, Michael Stiller, Marian Kampschulte, Janka Wilbig, Barbara Peleska, Jens Guenster, Renate Gildenhaar, Georg Berger, Alexander Rack, Ulf Linow, Max Heiland, Carsten Rendenbach, Steffen Koerdt, Claudius Steffen, Alireza Houshmand, Li Xiang-Tischhauser, Doaa Adel-Khattab
Summary: Efforts towards the development of patient-specific 3D printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering from bioactive ceramics have intensified recently. The current study investigated the effect of different scaffold microarchitecture on vascularization and bone regeneration for reconstructing segmental defects. The results showed that the RP scaffolds with cells and AVB had significantly higher bone area fraction, blood vessel volume, blood vessel surface/volume, blood vessel thickness, density, and linear density compared to other scaffold configurations.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Benjamin Eggs, Stefan Fischer, Michael Csader, Istvan Miko, Alexander Rack, Oliver Betz
Summary: By using microscopic and microtomographic techniques, we investigated the ovipositor system of the chalcidoid wasp and discovered its ability to actively bend and rotate. This skill enables the wasp to locate hidden hosts and expand its parasitic range.
FRONTIERS IN ZOOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
K. Schricker, C. Diegel, L. Schmidt, M. Seibold, H. Friedmann, F. Froehlich, S. Eichler, Y. Chen, H. Requardt, A. Rack, J. P. Bergmann
Summary: This study provides a fundamental understanding of false friend formation caused by lack of fusion using high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging. The interaction between keyhole and melt pool during laser welding and solidification processes plays a crucial role in the formation of false friends within the gap area.
WELDING IN THE WORLD
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Zhehui Wang, Andrew F. T. Leong, Angelo Dragone, Arianna E. Gleason, Rafael Ballabriga, Christopher Campbell, Michael Campbell, Samuel J. Clark, Cinzia Da Via, Dana M. Dattelbaum, Marcel Demarteau, Lorenzo Fabris, Kamel Fezzaa, Eric R. Fossum, Sol M. Gruner, Todd C. Hufnagel, Xiaolu Ju, Ke Li, Xavier Llopart, Bratislav Lukic, Alexander Rack, Joseph Strehlow, Audrey C. Therrien, Julia Thom-Levy, Feixiang Wang, Tiqiao Xiao, Mingwei Xu, Xin Yue
Summary: Ultrafast radiographic imaging and tracking (U-RadIT) is widely used in various fields and plays a vital role in modern technologies. The optimization of information yield and data processing, as well as the use of advanced detectors and algorithms, are important for the research in U-RadIT.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2023)