Article
Microbiology
Barbara Holzer, Pramila Rijal, Adam McNee, Basudev Paudyal, Veronica Martini, Becky Clark, Tanuja Manjegowda, Francisco J. Salguero, Emily Bessell, John C. Schwartz, Katy Moffat, Miriam Pedrera, Simon P. Graham, Alistair Noble, Marie Bonnet-Di Placido, Roberto M. La Ragione, William Mwangi, Peter Beverley, John W. McCauley, Rodney S. Daniels, John A. Hammond, Alain R. Townsend, Elma Tchilian
Summary: Pigs, natural hosts for the same subtypes of influenza A viruses as humans, generate monoclonal antibodies that target the same immunodominant epitopes as humans. These pig mAbs significantly reduce disease severity in influenza virus infection, indicating the potential for pigs as a valuable model for antibody therapy and vaccine recommendations for humans.
Review
Virology
Mostafa Javanian, Mohammad Barary, Sam Ghebrehewet, Veerendra Koppolu, VeneelaKrishnaRekha Vasigala, Soheil Ebrahimpour
Summary: Influenza is an acute viral respiratory infection that affects all age groups and is associated with high mortality. Vaccination is the most effective method for prevention, but antiviral drugs are also available for treatment.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antoine Guillon, Deborah Brea-Diakite, Adeline Cezard, Alan Wacquiez, Thomas Baranek, Jerome Bourgeais, Frederic Picou, Virginie Vasseur, Lea Meyer, Christophe Chevalier, Adrien Auvet, Jose M. Carballido, Lydie Nadal Desbarats, Florent Dingli, Andrei Turtoi, Audrey Le Gouellec, Florence Fauvelle, Amelie Donchet, Thibaut Crepin, Pieter S. Hiemstra, Christophe Paget, Damarys Loew, Olivier Herault, Nadia Naffakh, Ronan Le Goffic, Mustapha Si-Tahar
Summary: Research has shown that influenza virus infection causes significant changes in lung metabolism, leading to the accumulation of succinate in respiratory fluids. Succinate exhibits powerful antiviral activity by inhibiting influenza virus replication and reducing metabolic disruptions and inflammatory responses. Administering succinate intranasally to mice reduces viral loads in the lungs and improves survival rates. The antiviral mechanism involves succinylation of viral nucleoproteins, which alters their interactions with viral RNA.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yejin Jang, Jinhe Han, Xiaoli Li, Hyunjin Shin, Won-Jea Cho, Meehyein Kim
Summary: Influenza viruses are major pathogens causing respiratory infections in humans. A newly discovered isoquinolone compound showed potential in inhibiting influenza A and B viruses, but exhibited cytotoxic effects. Through chemical optimization, compound 21 was developed with improved antiviral activity and reduced cytotoxicity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ming-Feng He, Jian-Hui Liang, Yan-Ni Shen, Chao-Wei Zhang, Kuang-Yang Yang, Li-Chu Liu, Qian Xie, Chun Hu, Xun Song, Yan Wang
Summary: This study screened Chinese herbs for their ability to activate human immunity and identified coptisine as a potent inhibitor of the influenza virus. Pre-treatment with coptisine was more effective at reducing viral replication than co-treatment or post-treatment. Coptisine upregulated the p21 signaling pathway in MDCK cells and inhibited MELK activity directly.
Article
Microbiology
Paulina Koszalka, Ankita George, Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran, Aeron C. Hurt, Kanta Subbarao
Summary: Combination therapy with influenza drugs baloxavir and oseltamivir can reduce the selection of viruses with reduced drug susceptibility. In animal models, combination therapy and monotherapy have similar effectiveness in reducing viral titers, but combination therapy can decrease the selection of viruses with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir.
Review
Virology
Yaqin Bai, Jeremy C. Jones, Sook-San Wong, Mark Zanin
Summary: Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are critical parts of influenza viruses, serving as targets for immune response and antiviral drugs. Neuraminidase inhibitors like oseltamivir are commonly used against influenza, while antivirals targeting hemagglutinin are newer with a higher resistance threshold.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Won-Kyung Cho, Jin Yeul Ma
Summary: Epimedium koreanum Nakai (EKN) has shown significant inhibitory effects on influenza A virus infection by directly blocking viral attachment and having a virucidal effect. It can potentially be developed as a natural viral inhibitor against influenza virus infection.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Umarqayum AbuBakar, Lina Amrani, Farah Ayuni Kamarulzaman, Saiful Anuar Karsani, Pouya Hassandarvish, Jasmine Elanie Khairat
Summary: An influenza pandemic occurs when a new influenza A virus is able to infect and transmit efficiently to a new host species. The emergence of pandemics is influenced by both viral and host factors. The interaction between the virus and the host determines the virus tropism, including binding, replication, assembly, and transmission between individuals. Avian influenza virus (AIV), which mainly infects wild birds asymptomatically, can cross into new species and occasionally achieve human-to-human transmission. This review focuses on the determinants of AIV for initiating a human pandemic and discusses the mechanisms of AIV mutation for establishing tropism and stable human adaptation. Understanding AIV tropism is crucial for preventing human transmission and improving vaccine and therapeutic agent design.
Review
Microbiology
Fanhua Wei, Chengjiang Gao, Yujiong Wang
Summary: Influenza virus infection can lead to cytokine storms, contributing to severe outcomes. Immunomodulatory drugs offer a promising approach for treating hypercytokinemia induced by acute viral infections.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Sania Batool, Santosh Chokkakula, Min-Suk Song
Summary: Influenza infection is a serious health concern due to the constant mutation and recombination of the influenza virus. This makes it difficult to eliminate the disease and treatment challenging. Combination therapy with multiple antivirals or immunomodulators is considered the best strategy for effectively treating influenza infection. This review discusses the current options for combination therapy, their performance, and the limitations imposed by drug resistance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cagla Begum Apaydin, Merve Tansuyu, Zafer Cesur, Lieve Naesens, Fusun Goktas
Summary: A series of novel N-(3-oxo-1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-4-yl)carboxamides have been synthesized and evaluated as antiviral agents. Some analogues showed activity against H3N2 influenza virus, with compounds 3c and 3d exhibiting the most potent antiviral effects. These findings contribute to the understanding of spirothiazolidinone-based inhibitors of influenza virus membrane fusion.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Hui-Xian Wang, Mao-Sen Zeng, Yi Ye, Jin-Yuan Liu, Pei-Ping Xu
Summary: Puerarin, a major isoflavone compound from Pueraria lobata root, exhibits various properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral effects. It shows inhibitory activity against H1N1 influenza virus by blocking viral NP transport and newly formed virus particle release. In vivo studies demonstrate its potential as a treatment for influenza virus infection, with effective antiviral activity and reduced inflammation in the lungs.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jeremy C. Jones, Hui-Ling Yen, Peter Adams, Kimberly Armstrong, Elena A. Govorkova
Summary: Effective antivirals play a crucial role in the early phase of an influenza pandemic, before vaccines are available. Currently, two classes of antiviral drugs are approved for influenza treatment, but resistance has been observed. Therefore, it is important to develop novel antiviral options that target both the virus and the host. This review explores the drawbacks of current antivirals and ongoing research on new agents or combination therapies to address these limitations.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ekaterina O. Sinegubova, Olga A. Kraevaya, Aleksandrina S. Volobueva, Alexander V. Zhilenkov, Alexander F. Shestakov, Sergey V. Baykov, Pavel A. Troshin, Vladimir V. Zarubaev
Summary: The influenza virus has a high mutation rate, resulting in rapid emergence of drug-resistant strains. Therefore, there is a need for the development of new broad-spectrum antivirals against influenza. This study describes derivatives based on fullerenes that have broad virus inhibiting activities against a panel of influenza viruses. Compound 2, containing residues of salts of 2-amino-3-cyclopropylpropanoic acid, exhibited the highest antiviral activity and lowest toxicity.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yue-Chiun Li, Chutima Tanapichatsakul, Patcharee Pripdeevech, Tsong Long Hwang, Ping-Chung Kuo, Jason T. C. Tzen
Summary: Two new compounds similar to Teaghrelin were identified in Assam tea varieties, but they were found to have low ghrelin receptor affinity and no significant anti-inflammatory activity in human neutrophils assay.
NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui-Jun Liao, Jason T. C. Tzen
Summary: JAK inhibition is a promising strategy for treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Salvia miltiorrhiza and Cynara scolymus phenolic acids have demonstrated potential as JAK inhibitors. Docking experiments revealed that these phenolic acids can bind to JAK with high affinity. SalC showed the highest binding affinity and may serve as a scaffold for designing new JAK inhibitors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui-Jun Liao, Jason T. C. Tzen
Summary: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors have the potential to treat type 2 diabetes, and certain cyclopeptides found in Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Linum usita-tissimum (flaxseed), and Drymaria diandra show promise as DPP4 inhibitors. Heterophyllin B, Cyclolinopeptide C, and Diandrine C from these plants have strong binding affinity with DPP4 and may contribute to their blood sugar-lowering effects. Furthermore, peptides derived from the precursor of Heterophyllin B also exhibit potential for designing novel DPP4 inhibitors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chung-Tse Chen, Chin-Ying Yang, Jason T. C. Tzen
Summary: This study compared the molecular properties of CsPPO between two tea varieties and clarified the physiological role of PPO in tea. The results indicated that the harvest season and altitude affected the CsPPO transcript level, and temperature had a more significant regulatory effect on CsPPO in the small-leaf variety.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui-Jun Liao, Jason T. C. Tzen
Summary: GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP4 inhibitors are effective therapies for type 2 diabetes. Plant cyclopeptides and peptides derived from precursors show potential as GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yumiko Yamada, Shih-Te Chuang, Ching-Yu Tseng, Guan-Ru Liao, Shin-Wu Liu, Yeu-Yang Tseng, Fong-Yuan Lin, Wei-Li Hsu
Summary: This study compared Taiwanese ORFV isolates and found that deletion mutants of VEGF and CBP genes both lost virulence in cell and goat models, with the VEGF-deletion mutant showing a greater loss of virulence.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erh-Chuang Tu, Wei-Li Hsu, Jason T. C. Tzen
Summary: Theacrine and strictinin from Yunnan Kucha tea were found to be the major ingredients responsible for the anti-influenza activity. Strictinin was able to completely eliminate mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infection, while theacrine had no such effect. In addition, strictinin and remdesivir showed potential for inhibiting MHV infection through multiple mechanisms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cian-Fen Jhuo, Sheng-Kuo Hsieh, Wen-Ying Chen, Jason T. C. Tzen
Summary: This study evaluated the therapeutic effects of Teaghrelin, a natural compound from oolong tea, on muscle atrophy caused by dexamethasone. The results showed that Teaghrelin can reduce the reduction in muscle mass and alleviate muscle protein degradation. In addition, Teaghrelin inhibited the signaling pathway for protein degradation by activating Akt phosphorylation. Rating: 9/10
Article
Virology
Chih-Ying Kuan, Tsai-Lu Lin, Shan-Chia Ou, Shih-Te Chuang, Jacky Peng-Wen Chan, Ken Maeda, Tetsuya Mizutani, Ming-Pin Wu, Fan Lee, Fang-Tse Chan, Chao-Chin Chang, Rui-Ling Liang, Sue-Fung Yang, Tsung-Ching Liu, Wu-Chun Tu, Hau-You Tzeng, Chia-Jung Lee, Chuen-Fu Lin, Hsu-Hsun Lee, Jhih-Hua Wu, Hsiao-Chien Lo, Kuan-Chieh Tseng, Wei-Li Hsu, Chi-Chung Chou
Summary: Since the discovery of SFTSV in China in 2009, it has quickly spread to other Asian countries. In 2020, Taiwan reported its first discovery of SFTSV in animals and humans. This study found a wide distribution and high prevalence of SFTSV in domestic animals and ticks in Taiwan. Sheep had the highest viral RNA prevalence, followed by beef cattle, goats, and dairy cows. The prevalence in ticks was similar to that in ruminants, but wild animals showed a much lower prevalence. The geographic distribution of positivity was fairly even across northern, central, southern, and eastern Taiwan.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chia-Hao Wang, Ching-Yu Tseng, Wei-Li Hsu, Jason T. C. Tzen
Summary: The study established a stable cell line expressing GHSR1a for screening potential ghrelin agonists from natural compounds. The dynamic cellular distribution of GHSR1a was monitored using fluorescence microscopy, confirming that ghrelin and teaghrelin could activate GHSR1a mediated signaling pathways.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jason T. C. Tzen
Summary: Strictinin is a major constituent in the Pu'er tea plant and possesses various functional activities such as antiviral, antibacterial, anti-obesity, anticaries, and anticancer effects. It has been used as an active ingredient in food, cosmetics, and beverages, and has also been combined with other teas to develop new types of tea. Future research is anticipated to discover more functional activities and practical applications of strictinin.
Article
Agronomy
Tzu-Chiao Liao, Chung-Tse Chen, Mao-Chang Wang, Shang-Ling Ou, Jason T. C. Tzen, Chin-Ying Yang
Summary: The expression levels of CsARAD1 and CsARAD2 are higher in nonlignified tissues and are influenced by environmental factors. CsARAD1 and CsARAD2 exhibit different regulation patterns under temperature stress, saline, and drought-like conditions. These findings provide a basis for further research and breeding applications.
Article
Biology
Kuo-Ching Huang, Yu-Ting Chang, Rosita Pranata, Yung-Hsuan Cheng, Yu-Chi Chen, Ping-Chung Kuo, Yi-Hsuan Huang, Jason T. C. Tzen, Rong-Jane Chen
Summary: Strictinin, a natural polyphenol from Pu'er tea, has been found to alleviate the risk of gout caused by hyperuricemia. It reduces xanthine oxidase activity, uric acid production, and inflammation, and promotes healthy gut microbiota. Strictinin shows great potential as a functional ingredient for the prevention of hyperuricemia.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Hui-Wen Lin, Meilin Wang, Pei-Jane Tsai, Yi-Ju Lee, Ming-Chang Hsieh, Dah-Yuu Lu, Wei-Li Hsu, Ming-Shiou Jan, Yuan-Yen Chang
Summary: This study establishes a mouse model of encephalitis using PRV infection and BV-2 cells, and reveals the regulatory role of NF-kappa B in neuroinflammation induced by PRV, including the expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, COX-2, and iNOS.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
