Review
Neurosciences
Angeles Vinuesa, Carlos Pomilio, Amal Gregosa, Melisa Bentivegna, Jessica Presa, Melina Bellotto, Flavia Saravia, Juan Beauquis
Summary: Overnutrition and diets high in saturated fat contribute to inflammation and metabolic disturbances, leading to an increased risk for conditions like Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the interplay between inflammation and insulin resistance may offer potential therapeutic targets to prevent neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bhaskar Jyoti Dutta, Shamsher Singh, Sanket Seksaria, Ghanshyam Das Gupta, Amrita Singh
Summary: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disease and a major public health issue. There is increasing evidence linking T2DM to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative disorders. The underlying pathology of this secondary complication is likely to be associated with poor insulin signaling due to insulin resistance. This article reviews the literature on insulin signaling in normal and diabetic brains, as well as various factors such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, obesity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and A beta plaques, which can independently or synergistically connect T2DM with cognitive impairments. The article also explores pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods to accelerate the development of medications for cognitive impairment in T2DM by better understanding these shared pathways.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caio Yogi Yonamine, Maria Luiza Estimo Michalani, Rafael Junges Moreira, Ubiratan Fabres Machado
Summary: The association between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction has a long history, with observations showing a deficit of cognitive capacity in children with type 1 diabetes and a high association between type 2 diabetes and dementia in older populations. The role of glucose in neuronal functioning and how it accesses the neuronal intracellular compartment, as well as the pathological mechanisms involved in dementia-related areas such as the hippocampus, are discussed. The reduction in the expression and translocation of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4 in hippocampal neurons, leading to neurocytoglycopenia and cognitive dysfunction, is also addressed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Svetlana Spremovic Radenovic, Miljan Pupovac, Mladen Andjic, Jovan Bila, Svetlana Sreckovic, Aleksandra Gudovic, Biljana Dragas, Nebojsa Radunovic
Summary: This review presents the current knowledge in epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women. It highlights the associations of insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, obesity, adipose tissue dysfunction, and inflammation with the development of NAFLD in PCOS women. Additionally, the possible roles of the gut microbiome, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endocannabinoid system in NAFLD maintenance in PCOS women are discussed.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yiyi Chen, Xing Wang, Ling Guan, Yilong Wang
Summary: WMHs are imaging markers of cerebral small-vessel disease closely associated with cognitive impairment, but their heterogeneous nature makes early detection and diagnosis challenging. Limited understanding of the underlying pathological processes and biomarkers of WMHs in cognitive impairment has led to slow progress in prevention and treatment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sujata, Ramna Thakur
Summary: The study highlights that women and men with similar backgrounds and biological conditions can be affected differently by diabetes, with factors such as dietary habits and socio-economic status playing important roles in influencing the prevalence of the disease.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yasuhiro Suzuki, Hiroaki Suzuki, Tatsuya Ishikawa, Yasunori Yamada, Shigeru Yatoh, Yoko Sugano, Hitoshi Iwasaki, Motohiro Sekiya, Naoya Yahagi, Yasushi Hada, Hitoshi Shimano
Summary: This study aimed to investigate falls and identify important risk factors for falls in individuals with type 2 diabetes, including non-elderly patients. The findings showed that lower extremity muscle weakness, elevated fasting C-peptide levels, and reduced grip strength were significant risk factors for falls in type 2 diabetes patients. The random forest analysis was able to identify new risk factors for falls beyond logistic regression.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ning Wang, Yanqi Peng, Lu Wang, Lin Song, Bo Sun, Junxiang Wei, Ting Wang, Yang Mi, Wei Cui
Summary: The study aimed to analyze the risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) heterogeneity and its correlation with obesity. Results showed that GDM patients exhibit different glycemic physiology types, with specific obesity-related risk factors for the GDM-resistance subtype mediated by pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity and increased gestational weight gain in the first trimester.
DIABETES METABOLIC SYNDROME AND OBESITY-TARGETS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diana Simoniene, Darius Stukas, Albertas Dauksa, Dzilda Velickiene
Summary: The study found that miR-107 expression is higher in T2DM patients and is associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and certain demographic characteristics (such as BMI, age, and gender).
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lyudmila V. Nedosugova, Yuliya V. Markina, Leyla A. Bochkareva, Irina A. Kuzina, Nina A. Petunina, Irina Y. Yudina, Tatiana V. Kirichenko
Summary: The association between type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications is complex, primarily due to the oxidative stress and inflammation caused by hyperglycemia. Understanding the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and associated cardiovascular diseases can aid in the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dayeon Shin, Kyung Won Lee
Summary: This study revealed a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in Korean women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy with a history of GDM compared to those without GDM history. Additionally, high pre-pregnancy BMI or high current BMI increased the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes in Korean women, regardless of GDM history. This highlights the importance of maintaining a healthy weight status both before and after pregnancy to prevent future risk of type 2 diabetes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Emer R. McGrath, Alexa S. Beiser, Adrienne O'Donnell, Jayandra J. Himali, Matthew P. Pase, Claudia L. Satizabal, Sudha Seshadri
Summary: The association between vascular risk factors and dementia varies with age. Age-specific dementia risk scores should prioritize including different vascular risk factors at different ages.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Francesco Vadini, Paola G. Simeone, Giovambattista Desideri, Rossella Liani, Romina Tripaldi, Sonia Ciotti, Armando Tartaro, Maria T. Guagnano, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Francesco Cipollone, Agostino Consoli, Francesca Santilli
Summary: This study found that age, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and lnHOMA-IR together explained 18% of the variance in memory function, with NAFLD and lnHOMA-IR contributing 8% and 9.1% respectively. Preventing and managing insulin resistance may benefit in slowing down future cognitive decline.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Ying Cui, Tian-Yu Tang, Chun-Qiang Lu, Shenghong Ju
Summary: This article discusses the multifactorial role of insulin in the brain and the importance of insulin resistance as a risk factor for neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Neuroimaging techniques, especially MRI, can help reveal early abnormalities in cerebral structure and function in insulin-resistant brain. The temporal lobe is particularly affected. These findings provide important evidence for understanding the cognitive decline associated with insulin resistance.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chelsea Liu, Yuan Ma, Albert Hofman, Reem Waziry, Silvia Koton, James R. Pike, B. Gwen Windham, Melinda C. Power, A. Richey Sharrett, Rebecca F. Gottesman
Summary: Lower education is associated with higher burden of vascular risk factors and higher risk of dementia. This study aims to understand the causal mechanism between education and dementia mediated by vascular risk factors. The results show that a substantial proportion of the relationship between education and dementia is mediated through mid-life vascular risk factors.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
