Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
David B. Bonan, Nicholas Siler, Gerard H. Roe, Kyle C. Armour
Summary: This study investigates the response of zonal-mean P-E to global warming using a moist energy balance model (MEBM) and finds that the MEBM accurately emulates the changes in zonal-mean P-E simulated by global climate models (GCMs) under greenhouse gas forcing. The intermodel spread in P-E change is attributed to intermodel differences in radiative feedbacks, with tropical feedbacks being the primary source of intermodel spread. The study also shows how the pattern of climate feedbacks affects the changes in precipitation and evaporation through idealized experiments.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Masaki Toda, Masakazu Yoshimori, Masahiro Watanabe
Summary: This study investigates the mechanisms behind the contrast in warming between land and ocean. It is found that the land-ocean temperature difference slightly increases when the CO2 concentration is quadrupled, but the difference is not significant.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Robin Chadwick, Angeline G. Pendergrass, Lincoln Muniz Alves, Aurel Moise
Summary: Global warming is causing a shift in the intensity distribution of daily precipitation, resulting in more heavy rain and less light/moderate rain. The projected changes in regional daily precipitation can be described by two idealized modes: a decrease in frequency mode, where precipitation occurs less frequently at all rain rates, and a shift in frequency mode, where the distribution shifts towards heavier rain rates. The two modes capture the projected shift from light/moderate to heavy rain, but do not fully replicate changes in very high and very low rain rates.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hansi Singh, Nicole Feldl, Jennifer E. Kay, Ariel L. Morrison
Summary: This study investigates the impact of ocean heat transport (OHT) on climate sensitivity. The results show that changes in OHT lead to significant variations in climate sensitivity, with a decrease in global mean surface warming of 0.6 K for every 10% decline in poleward OHT. Water vapor feedback, lapse rate feedback, and surface albedo feedback account for the differences in climate sensitivity.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yong-Jhih Chen, Yen-Ting Hwang, Paulo Ceppi
Summary: This study investigates the impact of cloud-radiative changes on energy transport using a cloud-locking technique in a fully coupled climate model. The results show asymmetric responses in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres under global warming, with cloud-induced dynamical changes in the atmosphere and ocean enhancing poleward energy transport in the Southern Hemisphere. Additionally, it is suggested that the impacts of cloud-radiative changes on temperature and energy transport can be significantly influenced by the oceanic circulation, emphasizing the importance of considering atmospheric-oceanic coupling in climate impact assessments.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chiung -Yin Chang, Timothy M. Merlis
Summary: This study examines the role of diffusivity changes in the large-scale contrast of surface warming from the equator to the poles, and proposes new analytic theories to describe this change. The results show that, for reasonable choices of parameter values, the diffusivity changes in response to radiative forcing are limited and do not eliminate polar-amplified warming.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Matthew Henry, Timothy M. Merlis, Nicholas J. Lutsko, Brian E. J. Rose
Summary: The study proposes an alternative attribution method, using a single-column model that accounts for high-latitude lapse-rate changes in Arctic amplification. Through an idealized general circulation model, it is found that even though the tropics have stronger carbon dioxide forcing and water vapor feedback, they still contribute to polar-amplified surface warming.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Li-Wei Chao, Andrew E. Dessler
Summary: This study evaluates the performance of models from CMIP5 and CMIP6 by comparing feedbacks in models with those inferred from observations. It found no systematic disagreements between the two, but noted differences in individual models' ability to reproduce observations. The study also identified structural differences and unforced pattern effects as important sources of uncertainty in the model ensembles when comparing with observational data.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Nicholas Siler, Adriana Bailey, Gerard H. Roe, Christo Buizert, Bradley Markle, David Noone
Summary: This study introduces a new isotope model and explores the impact of oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope ratios in polar ice cores on temperature changes. The research found that the suppression of high-latitude evaporation is the main factor leading to the positive correlation between isotopes and temperature changes in polar ice cores, rather than local temperature variations.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bianca Nogrady
Summary: Experts welcome the trading scheme, but question its effectiveness in helping China achieve its climate goals.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juliet Homer
Summary: To prevent unnecessary power outages for millions of people, utility companies rely on data.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Masaki Toda, Masahiro Watanabe, Masakazu Yoshimori
Summary: Modeling studies have shown that land warms more than ocean in response to an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Despite multiple proposed mechanisms, a comprehensive understanding of this land-ocean warming contrast has not been achieved.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Navroz K. K. Dubash
Summary: Fossil fuels should be conserved and used primarily in the areas where they have the greatest impact on human well-being.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tsuyoshi Koshiro, Hideaki Kawai, Akira T. Noda
Summary: The response of subtropical marine low cloud cover to global warming is an important and uncertain issue. In this study, using state-of-the-art climate models, it is found that the estimated cloud-top entrainment index consistently decreases with low cloud cover in warmer sea surface temperature conditions, implying a virtually certain positive feedback.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Nicole D. Miranda, Jesus Lizana, Sarah N. Sparrow, Miriam Zachau-Walker, Peter A. G. Watson, David C. H. Wallom, Radhika Khosla, Malcolm McCulloch
Summary: Failing to limit the global mean temperature increase below 1.5 degrees Celsius will result in various negative consequences. A study reveals the countries most affected by warming through mapping annual changes in cooling demand. It is becoming increasingly difficult to keep the global mean temperature rise within the 1.5 degrees Celsius target. Moving from 1.5 to 2.0 degrees Celsius of global warming will significantly impact global cooling demand, with African countries experiencing the highest increase in cooling requirements, while countries like Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and Norway will face the largest relative surges in cooling demand as they are traditionally unprepared for heat.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Chanyoung Park, Sarah M. Kang, Malte F. Stuecker, Fei-Fei Jin
Summary: This study reveals that the heating effect in the Eastern Pacific leads to amplified warming in the central Pacific, while the feedback mechanisms in the Western Pacific result in an El Nino-like warming pattern. The inter-model spread of the future tropical Pacific surface warming pattern can be explained by the ocean heat uptake response in the east.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hyein Jeong, Hyo-Seok Park, Malte F. Stuecker, Sang-Wook Yeh
Summary: The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a significant impact on Arctic temperature, and accurately representing sea surface temperature patterns is crucial for Arctic climate predictions.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Doyeon Kim, Hanjun Kim, Sarah M. Kang, Malte F. Stuecker, Timothy M. Merlis
Summary: The response of the Hadley cell to increasing CO2 concentrations is spatially complex, with a strengthened rising branch and weakened descending branch. This study examines the sensitivity of the Hadley cell to idealized radiative forcing in different latitude bands and finds that the response is primarily governed by the latitudinal structure of the forcing. The strengthening of the upward branch is attributed to tropical forcing, while the weakening of the descending branch is attributed to extratropical forcing. These responses are amplified by changes in atmospheric heat transport and modulated by radiative feedbacks, resulting in opposing effects from tropical and extratropical forcings.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
L. Maillard, J. Boucharel, M. F. Stuecker, F. -F. Jin, L. Renault
Summary: This study investigates the effects of tropical instability waves (TIWs) on the seasonal cycle of the eastern Pacific Ocean. The results show that TIWs warm the equatorial waters and reduce the amplitude of the seasonal cycle in upper ocean temperatures. Additionally, TIWs stabilize the upper part of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and prevent unrealistic re-intensification.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ingo Richter, Malte F. Stuecker, Naoya Takahashi, Niklas Schneider
Summary: Variations of sea-surface temperature in the subtropical North Pacific, known as the North Pacific Meridional Mode, may not be accurately captured by the current statistical technique of maximum covariance analysis. This raises the need for refined tools to diagnose variability in this region.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Na-Yeon Shin, Jong-Seong Kug, Malte F. Stuecker, Fei-Fei Jin, Axel Timmermann, Geon-Il Kim
Summary: In future climate projections, Central Pacific El Nino events are expected to happen more frequently, while Eastern Pacific El Nino events will increase in amplitude and have a higher chance of extreme occurrences.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dillon Amaya, Michael G. Jacox, Melanie R. Fewings, Vincent S. Saba, Malte F. Stuecker, Ryan R. Rykaczewski, Andrew C. Ross, Charles A. Stock, Antonietta Capotondi, Colleen M. Petrik, Steven J. Bograd, Michael A. Alexander, Wei Cheng, Albert J. Hermann, Kelly A. Kearney, Brian S. Powell
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Feng Jiang, Wenjun Zhang, Fei-Fei Jin, Malte F. F. Stuecker, Axel Timmermann, Michael J. J. McPhaden, Julien Boucharel, Andrew T. T. Wittenberg
Summary: Understanding the connection between the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans has been a challenge for the climate community. While Atlantic Nino events are usually followed by Pacific events of opposite sign, incorporating Atlantic information does not enhance predictive skill for subsequent ENSO events. This study resolves this conundrum by showing that the observed correlation between Atlantic and Pacific is a statistical artifact, and the impact of Pacific events on the Atlantic is limited to a short window in late spring.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chao Liu, Soon-Il An, Fei-Fei Jin, Jongsoo Shin, Jong-Seong Kug, Wenjun Zhang, Malte F. Stuecker, Xinyi Yuan, Aoyun Xue, Xin Geng, Soong-Ki Kim
Summary: Studies show that El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits strong hysteresis responses to carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction, which may amplify and prolong its impact in a warming climate, leading to significant socioeconomic consequences.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chao Liu, Soon-Il An, Fei-Fei Jin, Malte F. Stuecker, Wenjun Zhang, Jong-Seong Kug, Xinyi Yuan, Jongsoo Shin, Aoyun Xue, Xin Geng, Soong-Ki Kim
Summary: This study reveals the hysteresis of ENSO skewness in response to CO2 forcing. The positive SST skewness in the tropical Pacific weakens with increasing CO2 and weakens even further with decreasing CO2. The migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone leads to more active and eastward-located strong El Nino events, resulting in a reduction of central Pacific ENSO skewness.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Malte F. Stuecker
Summary: Climate variability has distinct spatial patterns with the strongest signal residing in the tropical Pacific. To improve the understanding of internal climate variability, a conceptual model hierarchy is proposed to capture the observed variability from subseasonal to decadal timescales. The model hierarchy allows for tracing the impacts of seasonal processes on observed and simulated climate variability.
GEOSCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Antonietta Capotondi, Shayne McGregor, Michael J. McPhaden, Sophie Cravatte, Neil J. Holbrook, Yukiko Imada, Sara C. Sanchez, Janet Sprintall, Malte F. Stuecker, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Mathias Zeller, Riccardo Farneti, Giorgio Graffino, Shijian Hu, Kristopher B. Karnauskas, Yu Kosaka, Fred Kucharski, Michael Mayer, Bo Qiu, Agus Santoso, Andrea S. Taschetto, Fan Wang, Xuebin Zhang, Ryan M. Holmes, Jing-Jia Luo, Nicola Maher, Cristian Martinez-Villalobos, Gerald A. Meehl, Rajashree Naha, Niklas Schneider, Samantha Stevenson, Arnold Sullivan, Peter van Rensch, Tongtong Xu
Summary: In this Review, the mechanisms and characteristics of tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV) are synthesized, including oceanic processes and atmospheric processes. Oceanic processes involve Rossby waves, upper-ocean overturning circulation, and salinity-compensated temperature anomalies, while atmospheric processes involve internal variability and atmospheric teleconnections. The tropical adjustment mechanism is likely the dominant mechanism, but the origin and spectral characteristics of TPDV-related winds remain uncertain.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Changhyun Kim, Jinsoo Bae, Insung Baek, Jaeyoon Jeong, Young Jae Lee, Kiwoong Park, Sang Heun Shim, Seoung Bum Kim
Summary: In real-time strategy games like StarCraft II, players face the challenge of making sequential actions within limited time and with partial knowledge of their opponents' actions. This study proposes a multimodal deep learning approach called DESEM to forecast sequential actions in StarCraft II. The proposed method utilizes depthwise separable convolution and a weighted loss function, leading to improved forecasting performance.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Nicola Maher, Robert C. Jnglin Wills, Pedro DiNezio, Jeremy Klavans, Sebastian Milinski, Sara C. Sanchez, Samantha Stevenson, Malte F. Stuecker, Xian Wu
Summary: Future changes in ENSO are uncertain due to differences between climate models and the large internal variability. By using single model initial-condition large ensembles (SMILEs), we separate the forced changes in ENSO SST variability from internal variability. We find nonlinear changes in time and inter-model differences in projected ENSO changes and tropical Pacific SST gradient. Our results show the importance of characterizing time-dependent behavior and the value of SMILEs for ENSO projections.
EARTH SYSTEM DYNAMICS
(2023)