Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Takayuki Saito, Masaki Yamano, Kazumi Nakayama, Seiichi Kawahara
Summary: Rubber-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to quantitatively analyze crosslinking junctions and uncrosslinked pendant sulfidic groups in natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates with two different formulations. The resulting NR vulcanizates were characterized to determine crosslink density, number of sulfur atoms at crosslinking junctions, and structure of crosslinking junctions. Signals in rubber-state C-13 and H-1 NMR spectra were assigned to specific groups using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, allowing for estimation of the proportion of CH linking to sulfur at the crosslinking junctions.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Eunse Chang, Jinchuan Zhao, Chongxiang Zhao, Guangming Li, Patrick C. Lee, Chul B. Park
Summary: A new toughening strategy with nano-structured rubber inclusion is proposed in this study, which effectively enhances the toughness of polypropylene. By integrating vulcanization and in situ fibrillation processes, PP nanocomposites toughened with EPDM nano-fibrils are successfully fabricated, leading to unique properties and improved fracture behavior at a lower EPDM loading. The superior toughening efficiency of the crosslinked EPDM nanofibrillar network may be explained by a collective toughening mechanism involving multiple micro-scale mechanisms.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Zhiqiang Lei, Yankang Wu, Liping Tang, Jian Chen
Summary: This study applies carbon nanospheres (CNs) to rubber fillers and prepares CNs@ZnO/NR composite by acidification and in situ growth of ZnO on the surface of CNs. The experimental results show a strong interfacial interaction between ZnO nanoparticles and CNs, improving the mechanical and wet-skid properties of the composites. This study provides a simple and effective synthetic route for high-performance natural rubber composites using ZnO nanofillers.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Shubham C. Ambilkar, Chayan Das
Summary: Uniform dispersion of metal oxide-like zirconia in elastomeric matrix is essential for proper reinforcement. In this study, three different surface modifiers were employed to modify sol-gel derived zirconia and their effects on the properties of zirconia-filled nitrile rubber composite were investigated. The results show that tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris) is a potential surface modifier for zirconia, which can improve the thermal stability and tensile strength of the composite.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Benteng Liu, Zhaopeng Hu, Xinke Zhong, Li Yang, Xin Jiang, Min Zuo, Miao Du, Yihu Song, Qiang Zheng, Danling Wang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) on rubber vulcanization reactions and found that DES can participate in the formation of crosslinking networks and regulate the crosslinking density through interactions with rubber components and activators. Moreover, DES influences the rheological and mechanical properties of the vulcanizates, providing a way to produce high-strength rubber products at lower vulcanization temperatures.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Dennis F. Weisser, Ahmad Shakeel, Dennis Mayer, Johannes Schmid, Simon J. Heienbrock, Matthias H. Deckert, Bastian E. Rapp
Summary: Liquid silicone rubber (LSR) is a popular material due to its chemical, UV, and heat resistance as well as its excellent optical properties. However, there is a lack of research and understanding of its rheological properties. This study investigated the rheological behavior of LSR in both physical and chemical gel states using rotational and high-pressure capillary rheometers. The results provide a material database for reliable simulations.
Article
Polymer Science
Gabriele Milani, Federico Milani
Summary: This article explores the use of frequency factors to determine the optimal temperature for mixing rubber blends before vulcanization, without inducing premature crosslinking. Through experimental data analysis, suitable temperatures were identified to achieve the best mixed blends without risking premature vulcanization.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Thidarat Kanthiya, Krittameth Kiattipornpithak, Nanthicha Thajai, Yuthana Phimolsiripol, Pornchai Rachtanapun, Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee, Noppol Leksawasdi, Nuttapol Tanadchangsaeng, Choncharoen Sawangrat, Pitiwat Wattanachai, Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
Summary: In this study, modified PLAEC materials were prepared by melt blending PLA with epoxy resin and chitosan. The addition of chitosan and annealing treatment significantly improved the mechanical properties, morphology, and thermal properties of the PLAEC materials.
Article
Polymer Science
Wei Qian, Yu Gao, Peng Wang, Xiaoyu Lu, Yanyan Zheng, Qinhui Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of using natural products as plasticizers in rubber and explored the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that poly-cardanol (PCA), derived from cardanol extracted from cashew nut shells, acted as a plasticizer in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), leading to decreased viscosity, improved dispersion, and increased elongation at break. After vulcanization, PCA also reduced the swelling ratio and increased the crosslinking density of the rubber. Therefore, PCA has great potential for application in the rubber industry due to its plasticizing and compatibilizing properties.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Le Wang, Bingbing Leng, Cengliang Shan, Xu Zhao, Chunhui Zhu, Yang Liu, Hongyan Zhang, Wenge Xu, Baijun Liu
Summary: By studying CSRs containing CP-Allyl, it is found that they exhibit excellent thermal, mechanical, and flame retardant properties, as well as outstanding insulation properties. Even after ablation at high temperatures, the shapes are maintained and hard ceramic phases are formed.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Bettina Strommer, Dietmar Schulze, Bernhard Schartel, Martin Boehning
Summary: Tailored crosslinking in elastomers is crucial for their technical applications. Incorporating few-layer graphene (FLG) affects the crosslinking behavior of natural rubber, accelerating the kinetics of sulfur-based curing systems and showing little influence on peroxide-based systems. Vulcanometer measurements are suitable for monitoring the complex vulcanization process of such nanocomposite systems.
Article
Polymer Science
Marta Gallo, Renaud G. Rinaldi
Summary: This study demonstrates the control of spatially graded materials' local properties by manipulating key processing parameters, leading to the possibility of designing architected silicone rubber membranes with spatially controlled mechanical property gradients obtained from a unique macromolecular network.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Huidan Yao, Hailing Dong, Xincong Feng, Huiru Yang, Yongjie Ma, Qi Zhou, Hongying Zhao, Ping Zhang, Chong Sun
Summary: With the increase in waste rubber products, the pressure on the environment and resources is becoming more serious. The use of reclaimed rubber (RR) is a practical method to address this challenge. This study explores the reinforcement behavior of RR when different contents of natural rubber (NR) matrix are replaced by RR. The results show that the crosslinking density, Payne effect, and modulus increase with the increase in RR content until 60 phr, but decreases at 80 phr. SEM observation confirms that both NR and RR constitute co-continuous phases at 60 phr, while RR becomes the only continuous phase at 80 phr. The curing rate is also enhanced with higher RR content, and structures with high crosslinking density are found in the NR matrix filled with RR. Furthermore, carbon black in RR, high crosslinking density, and a continuous rubber matrix are important factors influencing the reinforcement behavior in RR filled rubber composites.
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Shengqi Qu, Yingjie Hao, Yao Xiao, Junxiu Xue, Zhihua Sui, Yi Pan, Jinzhou Liang, Donglin Zhu, Chuansheng Wang, Huiguang Bian
Summary: This study prepared potassium oleate/silica/natural rubber composites using atomization spray drying technology, and compared the effects of potassium oleate and 1,3-diphenylguanidine on various properties of silica/natural rubber. The results showed that potassium oleate promoted the silane reaction and improved the performance of the composites. Addition of potassium oleate increased the fracture elongation, tensile property, and reduced rolling resistance of the vulcanized rubber. The anti-aging performance of the rubber composites with potassium oleate was better than that of 1,3-diphenylguanidine.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jin Li, Xin Xiao, Zixuan Chen, Feipeng Xiao, Serji N. Amirkhanian
Summary: This paper summarizes the compatibility evaluation methods of rubberized asphalt and the state-of-art internal de-crosslinking technologies of Crumb Rubber for compatibility improvement. It provides recommendations for future studies focusing on this issue.
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ehsan Mohammadifar, Vahid Ahmadi, Mohammad Fardin Gholami, Alexander Oehrl, Oleksandr Kolyvushko, Chuanxiong Nie, Ievgen S. Donskyi, Svenja Herziger, Joerg Radnik, Kai Ludwig, Christoph Boettcher, Jurgen P. Rabe, Klaus Osterrieder, Walid Azab, Rainer Haag, Mohsen Adeli
Summary: In this study, biocompatible polyglycerol units are crosslinked in two dimensions using a graphene-assisted strategy to produce highly functional and water-soluble polyglycerol nanosheets. Compared to their 3D counterparts, these 2D polyglycerols exhibit stronger virus inhibition, suggesting their superiority in biomedicine and bioengineering applications.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Abdul Rauf, Jose D. Cojal Gonzalez, Alper Balkan, Nikolai Severin, Igor M. Sokolov, Juergen P. Rabe
Summary: The wetting behavior of water and ethanol on interfaces between different materials varies, with water forming labyrinthine structures and ethanol forming compact morphologies. This morphology is determined by the characteristics of the materials and the interactions between molecules.
Biographical-Item
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Schoen, Robert Evans, Keith E. Gubbins, Juergen P. Rabe, Matthias Thommes, George Jackson
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Thomas Picht, Maxime Le Calve, Rosario Tomasello, Lucius Fekonja, Mohammad Fardin Gholami, Matthias Bruhn, Carola Zwick, Juergen P. Rabe, Claudia Mueller-Birn, Peter Vajkoczy, Igor M. Sauer, Stefan Zachow, John A. Nyakatura, Patricia Ribault, Friedemann Pulvermueller
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Denis Yagodkin, Kyrylo Greben, Alberto Eljarrat Ascunce, Sviatoslav Kovalchuk, Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl, Mitisha Jain, Silvan Kretschmer, Nikolai Severin, Juergen P. Rabe, Arkady Krasheninnikov, Christoph T. Koch, Kirill Bolotin
Summary: A new localized excitonic state is demonstrated in patterned monolayer 2D semiconductors. The state is distinguished by non-linear power dependence and can survive up to room temperature. It is shown to be of extrinsic origin, likely associated with charge transfer excitons from the organic substance deposited onto the 2D semiconductor.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bita Rezania, Ana M. Valencia, Jose D. Cojal Gonzalez, Nikolai Severin, Caterina Cocchi, Juergen P. Rabe
Summary: In this study, we investigated the structural changes of confined rhodamine 6G dye molecules at the graphene-mica interface induced by interfacial electric fields exceeding 10^9 V/m using Raman spectroscopy and atomistic simulations. We found that the observed softening of Raman-active modes is caused by mechanical deformations within the confined molecules and the action of the high interfacial electric fields. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the role of interfacial electric fields in molecule/solid interfaces and offer new perspectives for controlling catalytic activities of complex systems.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jose D. Cojal Gonzalez, Masahiko Iyoda, Jurgen P. Rabe
Summary: Macrocyclic oligothiophenes and their pi-expanded derivatives have versatile properties that make them suitable for designing active interfaces. This study demonstrates the isomerization of a 2D crystal through resonant tunneling effect, showing the potential of these molecules for (supra)molecular engineering.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hu Lin, Lala Habibova, Abdul Rauf, Jose D. Cojal Gonzalez, Nikolai Severin, Stefan Kirstein, Igor M. Sokolov, Jurgen P. Rabe
Summary: Investigating the lubricities of water films on the nanometer scale, it was found that D2O films are more lubricant than H2O films, which may be related to the selective permeation of protons and deuterons in graphene.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hu Lin, Artem Iakunkov, Nikolai Severin, Alexandr V. Talyzin, Juergen P. Rabe
Summary: This study uses atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the swelling of bilayer graphene oxide (GO) flakes in water and ethanol vapors. The results show that swelling can be used as an indicator of rapid aging of bilayered HGO, and that AFM can detect hole defects in GO sheets. Furthermore, the swelling behavior of bilayered GO depends on the storage conditions and material type.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Filippo Giovanni Fabozzi, Nikolai Severin, Jurgen P. Rabe, Stefan Hecht
Summary: In this study, the on-surface polymerization of a vinylene-linked single-layer two-dimensional covalent organic framework using reversible Knoevenagel polycondensation under solvothermal conditions was described. The self-assembly of monomer building blocks at the solid-liquid interface led to the formation of extended covalent networks at room temperature without the need for additional catalysts or reagents. This approach provides a new pathway for the synthesis of extended conjugated 2D polymers under mild conditions.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
N. Severin, A. R. Dzhanoev, H. Lin, A. Rauf, S. Kirstein, C. -A. Palma, I. M. Sokolov, J. P. Rabe
Summary: In this study, we demonstrated that conventional tapping mode atomic force microscopy with high cantilever eigenmodes and subnanometer amplitudes can achieve routine atomic imaging at atmospheric pressures. The combination of high effective spring constants and high flexibility of the cantilever enhances imaging stability and allows for atomic imaging of solid surfaces in gaseous environments and at elevated temperatures.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2022)
