Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Micheal T. Pillay, Jennifer M. Fitchett
Summary: Tropical cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere primarily form within sea surface temperatures ranging from 27.5-28.5 degrees Celsius, with the lowest observed possible intensification temperature being 24 degrees Celsius. The intensity of tropical cyclones is influenced by a variety of factors including sea surface temperature, air temperature, geopotential height, vertical wind shear (u-wind), and relative humidity. Omega at the 1000 mb level and sea surface temperature at the point of maximum intensity play important roles in promoting high magnitude storm intensification when initial sea surface temperatures during storm genesis are below 27.3 degrees Celsius.
WEATHER AND CLIMATE EXTREMES
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ryan L. Fogt, Charlotte J. Connolly
Summary: This study analyzes the spatial pattern of pressure variability across the Southern Hemisphere in the early twentieth century, revealing synchronous but opposite-signed pressure relationships between Antarctica and the midlatitudes in the Southern Hemisphere, especially in the summer and autumn. In addition to connections with the southern annular mode, regional and shorter duration pressure trends are found to be associated with influences from tropical variability and potentially the zonal wavenumber 3 pattern.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Vittoria Lauretano, Alan T. Kennedy-Asser, Vera A. Korasidis, Malcolm W. Wallace, Paul J. Valdes, Daniel J. Lunt, Richard D. Pancost, B. David A. Naafs
Summary: The study presents a semi-continuous terrestrial temperature record spanning from the middle Eocene to the early Oligocene, using bacterial molecular fossils preserved in lignites from southeast Australia. Results show a gradual decline in mean annual temperatures in southeast Australia, with a step cooling across the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, likely driven by changes in pCO2. Climate model simulations support these findings, indicating the importance of pCO2 decline in influencing temperatures in southeast Australia during this time period.
Article
Oceanography
Ran Wang, Feng Nan, Fei Yu, Bin Wang
Summary: The study found that the variations in SAMW thickness are significantly correlated with changes in the MLD, showing large differences among different ocean basins, possibly related to the local wind stress curl and buoyancy flux.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Carlos Diego de Sousa Gurjao, Flavio Justino, Gabrielle Pires, Monica Senna, Douglas Lindemann, Jackson Rodrigues
Summary: This study investigates changes in the Austral Summer Monsoon using numerical experiments with the ICTP-CGCM model. Results show decreased summer precipitation and slightly shifted monsoon onset and demise compared to present day conditions. The study also finds that the monsoon is influenced by both insolation and remote teleconnections, such as in the equatorial Atlantic and Pacific ocean basins. Cooling in the Southern Hemisphere and warming in the Northern Hemisphere during interglacial stages contribute to droughts in different regions.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Douglas E. Miller, Zhuo Wang
Summary: Atmospheric blocking is a significant driver of extreme weather events with socioeconomic impacts. This study objectively divides blocking into four regions and investigates the variation in blocking onset mechanisms across these regions. The results reveal differences in the physical mechanisms that influence blocking in different regions.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Stephan Kraetschmer, Michelle van der Does, Frank Lamy, Gerrit Lohmann, Christoph Voelker, Martin Werner
Summary: Mineral dust aerosol has a significant impact on the Earth's climate system, both on short timescales due to its influences on the radiation budget, and on long timescales by affecting the global carbon cycle. The study utilizes advanced models to simulate the global mineral dust cycle under different climate conditions and finds that Australia contributes more to the mineral dust deposition in Antarctica during the last glacial maximum (LGM), mainly due to changes in precipitation patterns. The increase in particle radii during the LGM is attributed to increased sulfate condensation on particle surfaces, resulting in longer particle lifetimes. The transport of mineral dust to the South Pole occurs at different altitudes depending on the grain size of the dust particles, and the LGM shows generally lower transport heights compared to pre-industrial (PI) conditions due to reduced convection.
CLIMATE OF THE PAST
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jin-Lin Zha, Cheng Shen, Jian Wu, De-Ming Zhao, Wen-Xuan Fan, Hui-Ping Jiang, Cesar Azorin-Molina, Deliang Chen
Summary: This study investigates the contributions of zonal and meridional flows to the changes in near-surface wind speed (NSWS) over eastern China. The results show that the weakening of the zonal wind component is the main factor driving the reduction in NSWS. The Northern Hemisphere Annular Mode (NAM) has a considerable impact on NSWS, influencing both the zonal and meridional wind patterns.
ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Bo Zhang, Li Dong, Hairu Ding, Zhiang Xie
Summary: This study establishes a new blocking climatology in the Southern Hemisphere based on improved detection methods and reanalysis data. The study also investigates the relationship between Southern Hemisphere blocking and ENSO phases. The findings show that ENSO warm phase is more conducive to blocking formation, while blocking intensity is not affected by ENSO phases.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tiffany A. Shaw, Osamu Miyawakia, Aaron Donohoe
Summary: The Southern Hemisphere has more storms than the Northern Hemisphere due to equal contributions from topography and ocean circulation. Understanding the energy transfer between land and ocean and its effects on future storminess is crucial. The storminess in the Southern Hemisphere is linked to changes in ocean energy transport in the Southern Ocean, while storminess in the Northern Hemisphere has not significantly changed due to opposing oceanic and radiative changes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gerald Raab, Markus Egli, Kevin P. Norton, Adam P. Martin, Michael E. Ketterer, Dmitry Tikhomirov, Rahel Wanner, Fabio Scarciglia
Summary: The soil chemical weathering and erosion dynamics in East Otago, New Zealand are influenced by tectonics and climatic gradients, with different landscape settings of valleys and ridges leading to varying rates of soil erosion.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
P. J. Harvey, S. W. Grab
Summary: This study explores Southern Hemisphere temperature responses to four major volcanic eruptions using an ensemble of CMIP5 models. The findings indicate that the temperature responses were strongest and lasted longest following the Krakatau eruption, with Australia showing the strongest response and southern South America the weakest. In most cases, the strongest single-season response occurred in austral autumn or winter.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuting Niu, Xuhua Cheng, Jianhuang Qin, Niansen Ou, Chengcheng Yang, Duotian Huang
Summary: This study examines the characteristics and mechanisms of interannual OBP variability in the Southern Indian Ocean using GRACE satellite data. The results show the existence of two energetic OBP centers and the importance of atmospheric forcing in OBP variability.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
John M. Dickey, J. H. S. Weston, J. L. Sokoloski, S. D. Vrtilek, Michael McCollough
Summary: Symbiotic stars exhibit emission across the electromagnetic spectrum from various physical processes, with radio luminosity and size of radio emission regions being correlated with the shell burning rate on the white dwarf. This suggests that radio luminosity can be used to distinguish between accretion-powered and shell burning-powered symbiotic stars.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Rishav Goyal, Alex Sen Gupta, Martin Jucker, Matthew H. England
Summary: The Southern Hemisphere surface westerlies play a significant role in controlling regional climate patterns, ocean circulation, and carbon uptake. Research based on CMIP5, CMIP6, and reanalysis data reveals historical and projected changes in Southern Hemisphere westerly winds, including a reduction in poleward shift and an increase in wind intensity under high emission scenarios.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)