Review
Agricultural Engineering
Caoxing Huang, Zhenwen Peng, Jiongjiong Li, Xiaona Li, Xiao Jiang, Youming Dong
Summary: Adhesives traditionally made from fossil-based polymers have issues of toxicity, environmental pollution, and non-renewable raw materials. Therefore, research on environmentally friendly and renewable adhesives from bio-based materials has gained attention. Lignin, a natural and renewable phenolic polymer with various functional groups, has been extensively studied for its exploitation. Despite some progress, developing lignin-based adhesives with performances surpassing fossil-based adhesives remains challenging.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xianbin Ai, Shanghuan Feng, Tao Shui, Himant Kakkar, Chunbao Charles Xu
Summary: The study investigated the effects of lignin methylolation and lignin adding stage on lignin-based phenolic adhesives. It was found that integrating lignin into phenolic adhesives significantly increased viscosity but did not affect thermal stability. Lignin-based phenolic adhesives showed higher bonding strength when laminated with three-ply plywoods.
Article
Polymer Science
Sofia Goncalves, Joao Ferra, Nadia Paiva, Jorge Martins, Luisa H. Carvalho, Fernao D. Magalhaes
Summary: Lignin is a widely available renewable source of phenolic compounds, with only a small percentage used for value-added products, primarily in the form of lignosulphonates. Industrial attempts to use lignin in wood adhesives face challenges due to the low number of reactive sites in its aromatic ring and high polydispersity.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Shengcheng Zhai, Yu ' na Kan, Siqi Lv, Bingwei Chen, Enhui Sun, Mingzhu Pan
Summary: This study investigates the liquefaction behavior and properties of brown-rotted wood, focusing on the effect of chemical composition and reaction time. The results show that brown-rotted pine with high lignin content has higher liquefaction efficiency. The reaction time also affects the yield and hydroxyl number of bio-polyol and phenolic products. The study concludes that the liquefaction of brown-rotted wood is feasible and has potential application advantages.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guangxu Yang, Zhenggang Gong, Bei Zhou, Xiaolin Luo, Jing Liu, Guanben Du, Chengke Zhao, Li Shuai
Summary: This study presents a two-step strategy to produce lignin-based wood adhesives using industrially available technical lignins. The lignin-formaldehyde adhesive synthesized through hydrodeoxygenation and acid-mediated methylolation exhibits lighter color and superior adhesion performance compared to traditional LPF resins.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Saman Ghahri, Byung-Dae Park
Summary: This study presents a novel method of producing entirely bio-based and nontoxic wood adhesives by self-crosslinking of industrial hardwood kraft lignin (HKL). After acetone fractionation and glyoxalation, the hardwood kraft lignin exhibited improved crosslinking capacity and adhesion performance, making it a promising option for developing lignin-based bio-adhesives for wood bonding.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Manggar Arum Aristri, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Sumit Manohar Yadav, Petar Antov, Antonios N. Papadopoulos, Antonio Pizzi, Widya Fatriasari, Maya Ismayati, Apri Heri Iswanto
Summary: This review article summarizes the potential of using renewable resources like lignin and tannin for preparing non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) wood adhesives. Research has shown that NIPUs based on lignin and tannin offer advantages such as improved strength, lower curing temperatures, shorter pressing times, and being isocyanate-free.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
Hiba Ibrahim Huzyan, Alia Abdul Aziz, M. Hazwan Hussin
Summary: The research studied the potential of using lignin phenol glyoxal (LPG) resins as an alternative for phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins. Lignin extracted from date palm fronds using different processes was used in LPG resins. Kraft lignin phenol glyoxal (KLPG) resin showed higher tensile strength compared to PF resin, indicating that substituting DPF lignin enhanced the adhesive properties.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hamed Younesi-Kordkheili, Antonio Pizzi
Summary: This study compared the influence of Soda and Kraft lignins on the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards bonded with lignin-urea-formaldehyde (LUF) and lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resins. The results showed that Soda lignin had higher phenolic hydroxyl groups and lower glass transition temperature (Tg) compared to Kraft lignin. Physicochemical tests indicated that resins containing Soda lignin had a shorter gel time and higher viscosity compared to those prepared with Kraft lignin. Overall, particleboards bonded with LPF resin had higher mechanical strength and dimensional stability, while those bonded with Soda-based resin had lower water absorption and formaldehyde emission, as well as higher flexural strength and internal bonding strength.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hamed Younesi-Kordkheili
Summary: This research investigated the physical and mechanical properties of particleboard panels bonded with maleated-lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (mLPF) resin. The results showed that by using maleated lignin as a substitute for phenol in the resin synthesis, the particleboard panels exhibited lower formaldehyde emission, higher dimensional stability, and improved mechanical strength.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elodie Melro, Hugo Duarte, Filipe E. Antunes, Artur J. M. Valente, Anabela Romano, Magnus Norgren, Bruno Medronho
Summary: A new type of foam material was developed by partially substituting non-sustainable phenol with lignin extracted from pine wood residues using a green levulinic acid-based solvent. The novel foams were compared to commercially available lignin-based foams in terms of various features, including foam density, microstructure, surface hydrophilicity, chemical grafting, and mechanical and thermal properties. The research showed that up to 30 wt% of phenol can be replaced without compromising the foam properties, indicating the potential of lignin-based foams as sustainable and renewable alternatives to petrol-based counterparts.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pedro L. de Hoyos-Martinez, Hamed Issaoui, Rene Herrera, Jalel Labidi, Fatima Charrier-El Bouhtoury
Summary: Different formulations of phenolic resins based on lignin and tannins, with the addition of inorganic nanoparticles, were studied as biobased fireproofing coatings for wood. The structures and thermal properties of the coatings were characterized, and their fireproofing performance was evaluated against commercial coatings, showing significant reduction in heat release, improved wood integrity protection, and delayed flame propagation. The biobased coatings performed better on beechwood compared to maritime pinewood, with formulations R-A and R-B achieving results comparable to the commercial fireproofing coatings.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Chen Ding, Ning Li, Zhikang Chen, Yufei Zhang
Summary: In this study, no-formaldehyde wood adhesives were prepared using kraft lignin and epichlorohydrin (ECH). The physicochemical properties of the adhesives were improved by modifying the lignin with glyoxal and blending it with ECH. The adhesive showed comparable water resistance and shear strength to phenol-formaldehyde resins, indicating the potential of lignin as a replacement for formaldehyde-based adhesives.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
A. Aniol, T. Grosse, F. Fischer, S. Bohm
Summary: The relevance of sustainable structural materials in automotive components is increasing, with wood as a sustainable material showing promising potential due to its good mechanical properties. By combining wood with modified epoxy adhesives, there can be a significant improvement in mechanical properties and manufacturing time for structural components in the automotive industry.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel B. Sulis, Xiao Jiang, Chenmin Yang, Barbara M. Marques, Megan L. Matthews, Zachary Miller, Kai Lan, Carlos Cofre-Vega, Baoguang Liu, Runkun Sun, Henry Sederoff, Ryan G. Bing, Xiaoyan Sun, Cranos M. Williams, Hasan Jameel, Richard Phillips, Hou-min Chang, Ilona Peszlen, Yung-Yun Huang, Wei Li, Robert M. Kelly, Ronald R. Sederoff, Vincent L. Chiang, Rodolphe Barrangou, Jack P. Wang
Summary: This study demonstrates that multiplex CRISPR editing allows precise engineering of woody feedstock for improved lignin composition and wood properties, leading to more efficient fiber pulping and potential environmental benefits.