期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY
卷 52, 期 4, 页码 1071-1080出版社
SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4287
关键词
melanoma; mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway; phosphoinositol-3-kinase pathway; biomarkers; targeted therapy; immunotherapy
类别
资金
- Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori (LILT)
- grant entitled: Identification of cancer driver genes for novel diagnostics and therapeutic strategies Piano per la ricerca - Linea di intervento 2 - University of Catania, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences
In less than 10 years, melanoma treatment has been revolutionized with the approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have been shown to have a significant impact on the prognosis of patients with melanoma. The early steps of this transformation have taken place in research laboratories. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway promote the development of melanoma through numerous genomic alterations on different components of these pathways. Moreover, melanoma cells deeply interact with the tumor microenvironment and the immune system. This knowledge has led to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and treatment strategies. In this review, the epidemiological features of cutaneous melanoma along with the biological mechanisms involved in its development and progression are summarized. The current state-of-the-art of advanced stage melanoma treatment strategies and the currently available evidence of the use of predictive and prognostic biomarkers are also discussed.
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