Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mequanent Mulugeta Alamnie, Ephrem Taddesse, Inge Hoff
Summary: This paper presents an experimental study on the interaction between permanent deformation and fatigue cracking induced by load. The study found that strain hardening significantly accelerates the fatigue damage rate, while pre-existing cracks have a marginal effect on permanent deformation. The sequential test and damage approach is an effective method for evaluating asphalt mixtures.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Nadja Oneschkow, Tim Timmermann
Summary: This study presents the results of compressive fatigue investigations on four high-strength concretes and their corresponding mortars. The influences of coarse aggregates, substitution of basalt coarse aggregate by granite, addition of silica fume, and variation of the water to cement ratio were systematically investigated. The results show that coarse aggregates can affect the fatigue behavior of concretes differently at different stress levels compared to mortars. Granite coarse aggregate decreases the adverse effect at higher stress levels, while silica fume improves the fatigue behavior strongly. The increase of the w/c ratio reduces the fatigue resistance significantly due to the weakening of the mortar matrix and interfacial transition zone.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Anqi Chen, Gordon D. Airey, Nick Thom, Jack Litherland, Rufus Adjetey Nii-Adjei
Summary: The study introduces a new stiffness change tendency method (SCTM) to model the relationship between stiffness and number of cycles in asphalt concrete using a logistic model. This method helps to determine critical laboratory fatigue failure points and characterize different fatigue damage stages, showing good agreement with laboratory data and proving its applicability in simulation of pavement deterioration.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiaoyan Sun, Yu Tian, Wenwen Yin, Hailong Wang
Summary: The research investigated the impact of water on the fatigue behavior of concrete, revealing that water content reduces the fatigue life of concrete, significantly decreasing the fatigue life of saturated and water-submerged concrete. Additionally, the failure modes shifted with the presence of water. Energy dissipation and strain rate in stage II of fatigue were found to increase with water content and maximum stress level, showing logarithmic and linear correlations with the fatigue life of concrete.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Yiqun Zhan, Hao Wu, Weimin Song, Shidong Xu, Yao Luo, Fei He
Summary: This study presents a new method for evaluating the fracture resistance of HMA under monotonic and fatigue loading at low and intermediate temperatures. The dissipated energy in the monotonic loading test is divided into plastic strain energy, elastic strain energy, and surface energy. The fatigue loading test analyzes the fracture behavior of HMA using parameters such as fatigue life, dissipated energy, cumulative dissipated energy, and damage factor. The results showed that lower temperatures and deeper notches can induce earlier crack initiation, and the energy absorption behavior changes with temperature.
ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wenhao Liu, Deyi Jiang, Jinyang Fan, Jie Chen, William Tiedeu Ngaha
Summary: This study investigates the behavior of ordinary concrete under discontinuous cyclic compression loading and simulates the residual stress numerically. The stress cycles in the test are interrupted by zero or very low loading intervals (ZLIs). Fatigue tests show that the dissipated energy and unloading deformation modulus in a cycle after the ZLI (A cycle) are significantly higher than those in the cycle before the ZLI (B cycle). The dissipated energy and unloading deformation modulus increase with increasing stress level. The cumulative rate of fatigue damage is higher in the A cycles than in the B cycles. The mechanism of discontinuous fatigue is influenced by the residual stress caused by an uncoordinated mechanical response. Moreover, simulation results indicate that stress concentration occurs in the interfacial transition zone between the aggregate and the cement paste matrix, and the residual stress and plastic deformation increase as the difference between the elasticity modulus of the aggregate and the matrix increases.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Miaoyan Liu, Jun Lu, Wenhao Jiang, Pan Ming
Summary: In order to understand the crack propagation process and damage mechanism of rubber concrete under fatigue loading, fatigue tests were conducted on plain concrete beams and rubber concrete beams with precast cracks, and the loading process was monitored in real time using acoustic emission. The results showed that the addition of rubber increased the maximum deformation of rubber concrete under fatigue load, resulting in increased fatigue life and fracture energy. Acoustic emission signals confirmed that there was a hysteresis effect between cracks and loads due to the lag in energy transfer. The incorporation of rubber particles also reduced variations in stress strength factors. The b-value of acoustic emission reflected the damage state and crack development of the concrete, and a reduction to 0.8 could be used as an early warning indicator of structural failure.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mrinali Rochlani, Gustavo Canon Falla, Silvia Caro, Sabine Leischner, Frohmut Wellner
Summary: The study revealed the influence of temperature and frequency testing conditions on the fatigue response of bitumen, showing significant differences in energy dissipation at failure under different conditions. Additionally, a "frequency-free transition temperature" was identified for the specific bitumen studied.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xingren Zhou, Weimin Song, Hao Wu
Summary: In this study, fatigue tests were conducted using a novel load-controlled mode to evaluate the effect of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) on the fatigue performance of hot-mix asphalt (HMA). Results showed that the addition of 25% RAP prolongs the fatigue life at 25 degrees C, while the addition of 50% RAP reduces the fatigue life. However, at -10 degrees C, both 25% and 50% RAP have a negative effect on the fatigue life.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Feng Ouyang, Fei Ge, Xiangqian Fan, Jueding Liu
Summary: This paper investigates the flexural fatigue performance of self-compacting concrete (SCC) with waste tire rubber at 0% and 20% content, and monitors the fatigue process using acoustic emission (AE) technology. The results reveal a three-stage dissipation energy behavior that is similar to the attenuation of stiffness. The plateau value (PV) of the change in dissipated energy shows a double logarithmic linear relationship with fatigue life. Additionally, there is a linear relationship between the dissipated energy and cumulative AE parameters at approximately half of the fatigue life. Lastly, the relationship between the PV value calculated by cumulative AE counts and fatigue life is determined. Therefore, AE technology can effectively monitor the fatigue evolution of concrete.
STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhidong Zhang, Shihui Shen, Bin Shi, Honglei Wang
Summary: This study proposed modifications to the existing HWTD to investigate its potential as a cracking device, which was found to simulate fatigue cracking phenomenon and provide consistent results with standard SCB tests, showing its capability in quantifying fatigue behavior of specific mixtures.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Pejoohan Tavassoti, Mansour Solaimanian, Xuan Chen
Summary: Cold recycling of pavements uses reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) for pavement rehabilitation. This study assessed the fatigue performance of three different cold recycled asphalt mixes, and found that adding 1% Portland cement significantly improved their fatigue resistance. The study also demonstrated the potential of using polymer modified emulsion to enhance the rutting resistance of the mixes.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Qiuyu Zhang, Licheng Wang
Summary: Fatigue failure is a common failure mode for concrete structures, and understanding the fatigue damage evolution of concrete is crucial for evaluating its time-dependent deterioration and establishing fatigue life prediction models. This study utilized the energy dissipation method to investigate the fatigue performance of plain concrete, analyzing the developments of strain, stiffness degradation, and energy dissipation, and introducing the parameter of effective area ratio to describe fatigue damage and its evolution.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wisnu Arfian A. Sudjarwo, Jose L. Toca-Herrera
Summary: This study examines the hysteresis phenomenon in DPPC monolayers, focusing on the impact of various variables on key indicators such as the pi-A isotherm curve and compression modulus. The findings reveal that these factors significantly influence the structural and dynamic properties of the monolayers, with the hysteresis loop providing valuable insights into their viscoelasticity and phase transition changes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yanpeng Wang, Jie Li
Summary: By introducing the concept of microscale damage and the material parameter nano-to-micro comprehensive fracture energy, the microscopic stochastic fracture model is extended and successfully simulates the stress-strain curve of concrete, predicting properties such as fatigue life and stiffness degradation under various loading conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Zhengyang Song, Yu Wang, Heinz Konietzky, Xin Cai
Summary: The test results indicate that an increase in FT cycles and fatigue load level accelerates the damage rate of marble, leading to larger axial strain rate, radial strain rate, and increasing Poisson's ratio. A warning level is defined based on the evolution of radial strain and Poisson's ratio. Advance ratio and lag ratio are effective indicators for predicting rock failure when subjected to FTF actions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND MINING SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Zhiqiang Hou, Changhong Li, Zhengyang Song, Yonggang Xiao, Chen Qiao, Yu Wang
Summary: Rock joints exhibit Kaiser effect and Felicity effect under multilevel cyclic shear conditions. By analyzing the acoustic emission parameters and frequency spectrum characteristics during the whole shearing process, it was found that the shear stress-displacement curve forms multiple cyclic hysteresis loops with increasing normal stress. The Felicity ratio decreases as shear damage increases, with a final ratio of about 0.94-0.99. The research on AE monitoring signals of multilevel shear behaviors can help understand the shear-friction mechanisms of rock joints.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhengyang Song, Heinz Konietzky, Martin Herbst, Thomas Fruehwirt, Yunfeng Wu
Summary: This article investigates the mechanical behavior of concrete Brazilian Disk (BD) samples under multi-level cyclic loading through numerical analysis. A particle-based 3D model is successfully established to simulate the dynamic stress-controlled cyclic testing. A generalized model based on the time-dependent evolution of bond diameter is proposed, which effectively reproduces the observed stress-strain curves and displacement fields. An acoustic emission (AE) tracking algorithm is implemented to analyze the released AE energy associated with micro fracturing, which is found to be dependent on stress levels. The numerical simulation results and failure pattern are consistent with the experimental results. The differences between cyclic compressive and cyclic Brazilian tests are discussed and summarized.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Y. Wang, C. Zhu, Z. Y. Song, S. Gong
Summary: The cavity orientation affects the lifetime, strength, deformation, damping ratio, and failure modes of rocks, with higher cavity orientation leading to faster damage propagation and lower AE b-value, volumetric strain, and damping ratio. Shear failure is more likely to occur in rocks with high cavity orientation, highlighting the importance of cavity orientation in rock failure analysis.
Article
Engineering, Geological
Chen Qiao, Zhengyang Song, Yu Wang, Dwayne Tannant, Changhong Li
Summary: The study found that with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the physical and mechanical parameters of rocks gradually deteriorate, affecting the stability of the rocks. In addition, the angle of the rock bridge also has an influence on the fracturing and acoustic emission patterns of the rocks.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhaohui Lu, Yunzhong Jia, Jiankun Zhou, Pei He, Menglai Li, Zhengyang Song, Xin Cai
Summary: This research investigates the evolution of shale fracture permeability after interactions with supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2). The results show that soaking with Sc-CO2 dramatically increases the shale fracture permeability and aperture due to the dissolution of calcite and dolomite. This process may last for seven days, after which the rock-Sc-CO2 system becomes stable.
ADVANCES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Yu Wang, Zhengyang Song, Tianqiao Mao, Chun Zhu
Summary: This study investigates the influence of freeze-thaw on rock microstructure change and fatigue mechanical behaviors. The results show that rock strength, volumetric strain, and lifetime decrease with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. The stiffness degradation caused by cyclic loads is also impacted by previous freeze-thaw damage. Additionally, the AE ring count and energy count decrease with the increase of freeze-thaw treatment, and large fracture signals are captured for rock that has smaller freeze-thaw cycles.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Zhengyang Song, Heinz Konietzky, Yunfeng Wu, Kun Du, Xin Cai
Summary: This study investigates the mechanical behavior of medium-grained sandstones under cyclic loading with different loading/unloading rates, using a testing method called differential cyclic loading. The experiments analyze the axial strain evolution and energy dissipation for different loading/unloading rates and maximum cyclic load level. The correlations between P-wave velocities and rock strengths are compared with existing data, and the relationships between final strength, axial strain at failure, and loading patterns are discussed. A rough assessment of the remaining fatigue life is also introduced.
JOURNAL OF ROCK MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Chunchen Wei, Chengguo Zhang, Ismet Canbulat, Zhengyang Song, Lianpeng Dai
Summary: This paper investigates the ground support requirements in burst-prone mines to mitigate the catastrophic dynamic rock failures of rock and/or coal bursts. The capacities of various yielding rockbolts and integrated support systems are investigated using laboratory test results. Semi-analytical and empirical methods are often used to determine the ground support elements in burst-prone areas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Zhengyang Song, Heinz Konietzky, Yunfeng Wu, Xin Cai
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the behavior of sandstone drilled from an underground coal mine under low-frequency cyclic loading. The test results reveal the correlation between dissipated energy ratio (DER) and maximum cyclic load level, and propose a novel method to predict the strength of the rock sample based on statistics of DER at failure. The study also observes hardening behavior during cyclic loading and analyzes the evolution of stress-strain hysteresis and acoustic emission (AE) behaviors.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhengyang Song, Yunfeng Wu, Heinz Konietzky, Florian Amann, Zhen Yang, Wengang Dang
Summary: The mechanical responses of coal exposed to wetting-drying conditions and compressive cyclic loading were investigated to reveal its behaviors. Experimental results showed that wetting-drying cycles had an exponential attenuation effect on the P-wave velocity of coal, while different loading rates led to different failure modes and energy dissipation. In addition, wetting-drying action induced macro-cracks, and the width of the cracks was proportional to the number of cycles. These testing results provide practical guidance for evaluating the stability of coal mines in in-situ applications.
GEOMECHANICS AND GEOPHYSICS FOR GEO-ENERGY AND GEO-RESOURCES
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhengyang Song, Zhen Yang, Fei Song, Yunfeng Wu, Heinz Konietzky
Summary: This study experimentally examines the mechanical responses of a medium-grained building sandstone exposed to freeze-thaw and cyclic stress. The results show a drop in secant modulus during the failure cyclic loading stage, while all previous stages exhibit modulus increase. A theoretical model is proposed to characterize the strains exposed to variable cyclic stress.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Tong Zhang, Bin Liu, Zhen Wei, Zhenhua Jiao, Zhengyang Song, Hongwei Zhang
Summary: The mechanical responses and crack evolution of burst-prone coal under dynamic disturbance were investigated in this study. The results showed a positive correlation between the peak load and the fissure angle. The main cracks exhibited different morphologies under different fissure angles. In addition, the dissipated energy exhibited a four-phase pattern. These experimental results provide reference for preventing the occurrence of burst-prone coal in engineering practice.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Mathematics
Shaofeng Wang, Xin Cai, Jian Zhou, Zhengyang Song, Xiaofeng Li
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhengyang Song, Chunpeng Wang, Yue Zhao, Zhouhao Yu, Zhen Yang, Wengang Dang
Summary: This article investigates the impact of frequency sequence on mechanical responses of sandstone under multi-level compressive cyclic loading. Experimental results show that frequency sequence significantly affects various mechanical properties. Decremental frequency leads to a greater growth in axial strain at maximum cyclic stress compared to the minimum stress. Incremental frequency enhances input and elastic energy, while decremental frequency results in a higher occurrence ratio of phase lag, particularly in the radial direction. These findings deepen the understanding of rock fatigue from the perspective of frequency sequence.
BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Miloslav Kepka, Miloslav Kepka Jr, Radovan Minich
Summary: This paper focuses on the fatigue life evaluation of the bodywork of a new articulated electric (battery) bus. The findings resulted in recommendations to improve the operational reliability of a particular vehicle and provided challenges for future research.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
T. Dusautoir, B. Berthel, S. Fouvry, P. Matzen, K-D. Meck
Summary: This study investigates the impact of post-processing treatments on the fatigue limit of additive manufactured Ti-6Al-4V under stress gradients, with a focus on surface integrity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhuofan Xia, Di Wu, Xiaochen Zhang, Jianqiu Wang, En -Hou Han
Summary: The study reveals the surface-initiated rolling contact fatigue (RCF) failure mechanism under heavy load and initial high roughness surface. The results indicate that precursor of collapsed morphology and nanocrystalline layer are the main factors causing lower RCF life with high roughness compared to low roughness surfaces. The spalling failure initiating from low roughness surface under heavy load is strongly dependent on surface plastic deformation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Daniel Gren, Knut Andreas Meyer
Summary: Rolling contact loading can cause plastic deformation and fatigue cracks. Current rail standards do not consider the effect of plasticity on mechanical behavior. This study proposes a new method for evaluating the fatigue life of deformed material and finds that superimposed compressive axial loads can increase fatigue life.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
R. Kumar, S. Sanyal, J. Bhagyaraj, E. Hari Krishna, S. Mukherjee, K. Prasad, S. Mandal
Summary: This study investigates the thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) behavior of Timetal 834 alloy under different loading conditions. The results show that the alloy exhibits different cyclic hardening and softening responses at different strain amplitudes. The strain amplitude and phase angle have significant effects on the TMF life.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Kai Donnerbauer, Tobias Bill, Peter Starke, Ruth Acosta, Bharath Yerrapa, Christian Boller, Klaus Heckmann, Frank Walther
Summary: Given the aging of nuclear power plants, it is important to develop methods for evaluating the integrity of components and structures in nuclear engineering. Suitable nondestructive testing methods can detect material degradation and determine its fatigue life. This study utilized various NDT parameters and scanning electron microscopic methods to explore the relationship between microstructure evolution and NDT data.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Liuyong He, Jiang Zheng, Tianjiao Li, Houkun Zhou, Lihong Xia, Bin Jiang
Summary: This study quantitatively analyzed the effects of precipitates on the deformation mode, cracking mode, and mechanical behavior of WE54 magnesium alloy during low-cycle fatigue. It was found that precipitates promoted the activation of dislocation slip and suppressed the activation of twinning, affecting the cracking mode and mechanical behavior.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Xiangkang Zeng, Conghui Zhang, Wenguang Zhu, Mingliang Zhu, Tongguang Zhai, Xiaomei He, Kangkai Song, Zhuohang Xie
Summary: The cyclic deformation behaviors and damage mechanisms of pure Zr were investigated. The cyclic stress response was mainly influenced by substructure evolutions. Prismatic < a > dislocation slip was identified as the dominant deformation mechanism. Fatigue damage was not only influenced by the initial texture, but also other factors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jingyu Yang, Bingbing Li, Yiming Zheng, Gang Chen, Xu Chen
Summary: Heat treatment is used to improve the low-cycle fatigue performance of additive manufactured 316LN stainless steel. The heat-treated material demonstrates initially cyclic hardening followed by softening behavior, and shows a stronger resistance to crack propagation compared to the as-built material, resulting in a longer fatigue life.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Lang Zou, Dongfang Zeng, Xiong Chen, Jun Li, Hai Zhao, Liantao Lu
Summary: This study investigates the competitive relationship between fretting fatigue and plain fatigue in press-fitted railway axles. By changing the depth of the stress relief groove, the plain fatigue limit and fretting fatigue strength were tested. Detailed information was gathered, and an evaluation methodology integrating finite element simulation and the Modified Wohler Curve Method was established. The study concludes that the optimal groove depth, which balances the anti-fatigue capabilities, depends on the number of test cycles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Davide Leonetti, Koji Kinoshita, Yukina Takai, Alain Nussbaumer
Summary: This paper investigates the fatigue behavior of non-load-carrying transverse welded steel attachments, including fatigue crack monitoring and fracture surface analysis under constant and variable amplitude loading. A procedure is proposed to obtain a Markov transition matrix based on the measured strain signal and to randomly resample the stress history for variable amplitude fatigue tests.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhe Zhang, Bing Yang, Yuedong Wang, Shoune Xiao
Summary: This paper presents a method for designing fatigue life prediction models with small sample sizes by handling limited sample data. The method integrates the equivalent structural stress method with the maximum likelihood estimation method and adds reliability verification, resulting in enhanced goodness of fit, stability, and optimized sample quantity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Cooper K. Hansen, Gary F. Whelan, Jacob D. Hochhalter
Summary: This paper presents a method to address the computational demand issue of computing FIPs using CPFEM by developing an interpretable machine learning model. Genetic programming is used to evolve interpretable expressions of FIPs from microstructure features, and these models can serve as efficient substitutes for CPFEM and be easily integrated into engineering workflows.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Luca Susmel
Summary: This paper discusses the problem of estimating notch fatigue limits using machine learning. The results show that machine learning is a promising approach for designing notched components against fatigue. The accuracy in estimating the fatigue limit can be increased by increasing the size and quality of the calibration dataset, as well as including additional input features.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Kefeng Gao, Guoqi Tan, Yanyan Liu, Qiang Wang, Qian Tang, Xuegang Wang, Qiqiang Duan, Zengqian Liu, Zhe Yi, Zhefeng Zhang
Summary: Bioinspired architectures have significant effects on material enhancement. This study investigates the fatigue properties of bioinspired ceramic-polymer composites and natural nacre, revealing the close relationship between architectural types, orientations, fatigue performance, and damage mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE
(2024)
