Detailed toxicity evaluation of β-cyclodextrin coated iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications

The application of iron oxide nanoparticles [IONPs] in biomedical research is progressively increasing, leading to the rapid development of biocompatible and surface modified IONPs. However, there is still a need of information pertaining to its cellular and acute toxicity profile. This work reports the synthesis of beta-cyclodextrin coated iron oxide nanoparticles (beta CD-IONPs) and their characterization using spectroscopic (FT-IR), thermal (TGA) and surface analysis (TEM, SEM, BET and Zeta potential). All the characterization techniques displayed the synthesis of well dispersed, rod shaped beta CD-IONPs of 45 nm. Time dependent cellular uptake of these nanoparticles was also evaluated using Prussian blue staining, Further, cytocompatibility analysis was executed in mouse fibroblast cell line (NIH 3T3) using MTT and LDH assays, respectively which did not show any cytotoxic indications beta CD-IONPs. Finally, acute toxicity analysis was carried out in female Wistar rats according to OECD guidelines 420. Rats were exposed to the highest dose (2000 mg/kg) of beta CD-IONPs along with control and observed for 14 days. After two weeks of administration, tissues and blood were collected and subjected to histopathological and biochemical analysis (SGOT, SGPT and ALP). Animals were sacrificed and gross necropsy was carried out. It has been shown that beta CD-IONPs does not have any significant toxic effect at the cellular level. Thus, this study provides new perspectives for future biomedical applications. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.