Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Infection on Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence in the United States is increasing, partly because of risk factors such as diabetes, fatty liver, hepatitis B virus, and human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. Achieving sustained virologic response (SVR) is the most significant factor in reducing HCV-associated HOC incidence. Improved SVR with the next generation of direct-acting antivirals brings hope for decreased HOC mortality. Nevertheless, surveillance for HOC remains important because HOC can still occur despite SVR, especially in cirrhotics. Individualized risk stratification through increased understanding of HOC pathogenesis and improved surveillance holds the promise for future reduction of HOC incidence.