Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sreenath Reddy Nayakanti, Aleksandra Friedrich, Poonam Sarode, Leili Jafari, Giovanni Maroli, Mario Boehm, Alice Bourgeois, Yann Grobs, Fatemeh Khassafi, Carsten Kuenne, Stefan Guenther, Swati Dabral, Jochen Wilhelm, Astrid Weiss, Astrid Wietelmann, Baktybek Kojonazarov, Wiebke Janssen, Mario Looso, Frances de Man, Steeve Provencher, Khodr Tello, Werner Seeger, Sebastien Bonnet, Rajkumar Savai, Ralph T. Schermuly, Soni Savai Pullamsetti
Summary: The ability of the right ventricle to adapt to an increased pressure afterload determines survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of the right ventricle and may also be implicated in adult cardiac remodeling.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erlinda The, Dennis M. de Graaf, Yufeng Zhai, Qingzhou Yao, Lihua Ao, David A. Fullerton, Charles A. Dinarello, Xianzhong Meng
Summary: This study found that IL-38 levels are lower in aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) from patients with calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) compared to those without CAVD. Recombinant IL-38 suppressed inflammation and calcium deposition in AVICs. IL-38 also reduced the production of inflammatory mediators and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 activation in AVICs. These findings suggest that IL-38 has therapeutic potential for preventing CAVD progression.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Flavien Vincent, Julien Ternacle, Tom Denimal, Mylene Shen, Bjorn Redfors, Cedric Delhaye, Matheus Simonato, Nicolas Debry, Basile Verdier, Bahira Shahim, Thibault Pamart, Hugues Spillemaeker, Guillaume Schurtz, Francois Pontana, Vinod H. Thourani, Philippe Pibarot, Eric Van Belle
Summary: TAVR is rapidly expanding its indications, but faces technical challenges and knowledge gaps when dealing with patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Physicians need to understand the BAV anatomy and TAVR procedure planning comprehensively to guide treatment decisions.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yan Liu, Peng Jiang, Liqin An, Mengying Zhu, Jin Li, Yue Wang, Qin Huang, Yi Xiang, Xiaorong Li, Qiong Shi, Yaguang Weng
Summary: This study found that neutrophil elastase (NE) is increased in calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) patients and calcified valve tissues. NE can promote inflammation, apoptosis, and phenotype transition in valve interstitial cells (pVICs), thus participating in the calcification process. NE promotes osteogenic differentiation of pVICs by activating the NF-kappa B and AKT signaling pathway. The study also found that Alvelestat alleviates valve thickening, reduces NE and alpha-SMA expression, and improves heart function. Therefore, targeting NE may be a potential treatment for CAVD.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fanny Lassalle, Mickael Rosa, Bart Staels, Eric Van Belle, Sophie Susen, Annabelle Dupont
Summary: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has revolutionized the treatment of severe aortic valve stenosis (AVS) and is considered an alternative to open heart surgery. TAVR has shown good prognosis for patients, but is still associated with postprocedural complications like bleeding or thrombosis. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of TAVR on monocyte phenotype and subset distribution and their association with clinical outcomes in patients with severe AVS who underwent TAVR.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Di Vito, Annalidia Donato, Ivan Presta, Teresa Mancuso, Francesco Saverio Brunetti, Pasquale Mastroroberto, Andrea Amorosi, Natalia Malara, Giuseppe Donato
Summary: Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) is the most common valvular heart disease in the ageing population, which is strongly correlated with active and degenerative processes. The progression of the disease is closely related to the cellular and matrix alterations within the aortic valve.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alexander H. J. Staal, Kimberley R. G. Cortenbach, Mark A. J. Gorris, Lieke L. van der Woude, Mangala Srinivas, Robin H. Heijmen, Guillaume S. C. Geuzebroek, Nimrat Grewal, Konnie M. Hebeda, I. Jolanda M. de Vries, Marco C. DeRuiter, Roland R. J. van Kimmenade
Summary: This study reveals a significant presence of immune cells in dilating aortas of patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). These findings raise the question of whether immune cells in BAV aortopathy are innocent bystanders or contribute to the deterioration of the aortic wall.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Katherine Driscoll, Alexander D. Cruz, Jonathan T. Butcher
Summary: Calcific aortic valve disease is on the rise globally, but treatment is limited to prosthetic replacement. With a growing number of younger and more active patients, alternative therapies are needed. There is potential for biologically based diagnostics and treatments to help alleviate or delay disease progression, but a limited understanding of the disease mechanisms hinders progress towards clinical interventions.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Veronika A. Myasoedova, Ilaria Massaiu, Donato Moschetta, Mattia Chiesa, Paola Songia, Vincenza Valerio, Valentina Alfieri, Romain Capoulade, Daniela Trabattoni, Daniele Andreini, Elvira Mass, Valentina Parisi, Paolo Poggio
Summary: The study found that aortic valve fibrosis in severe AS patients is sex-specific, with women exhibiting higher fibrotic tissue composition and lower aortic valve calcium content compared to men. Gene expression analysis showed that pro-fibrotic processes are predominant in women, while pro-inflammatory processes linked to the immune response system are enhanced in men. Cell type enrichment analysis revealed that mesenchymal cells are over-represented in stenotic aortic valves of women, while signatures for monocytes, macrophages, T and B cells are enriched in men.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shinichi Fukuhara, Chan Tran N. Nguyen, Karen M. Kim, Bo Yang, Gorav Ailawadi, Himanshu J. Patel, G. Michael Deeb
Summary: Despite the rapid adoption of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), there are limited data on aortic valve reintervention after initial TAVR. A retrospective study reviewed 1487 patients who underwent TAVR and found that 24 (1.6%) required aortic valve reintervention. Most patients were deemed unsuitable for repeat TAVR due to concurrent cardiac procedures, unfavorable anatomy, or endocarditis. Therefore, careful assessment of TAVR repeatability should be considered in the initial TAVR evaluation, especially for younger patients who may require aortic valve reintervention.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zsolt Combi, Laszlo Potor, Peter Nagy, Katalin Eva Sikura, Tamas Ditroi, Eszter Petra Juranyi, Klaudia Galambos, Tamas Szerafin, Peter Gergely, Matthew Whiteman, Roberta Torregrossa, Yuchao Ding, Livia Beke, Zoltan Hendrik, Gabor Mehes, Gyorgy Balla, Jozsef Balla
Summary: This study aimed to explore the metabolic control of H2S levels in human aortic valves. The results showed that lower levels of bioavailable H2S and higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected in aortic valves of patients with calcific aortic valve disease. Increased biogenesis and decreased degradation of H2S were observed in calcific aortic valve tissues. Mitochondria-targeting H2S donor could rescue the osteoblastic phenotype switch and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Francesca Bartoli-Leonard, Jonas Zimmer, Elena Aikawa
Summary: Calcific aortic valve disease is the leading cause of valve disease in developed countries, involving complex pathobiology, genetic factors, and the immune system. Further understanding of the immune system's role in this disease is needed to inform future treatment strategies.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Oscar Plunde, Magnus Back
Summary: Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) poses a threat to life quality and longevity, with no current medical treatment available. Obesity and genetic variants in lipid metabolism genes are recognized as risk factors for AVS due to significant genome-wide associations.
KARDIOLOGIA POLSKA
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ashley J. Scott, LaTonya R. Simon, Heather N. Hutson, Ana M. Porras, Kristyn S. Masters
Summary: This review discusses the changes in extracellular matrix during aortic valve disease progression and highlights the potential of ECM-based scaffolds in therapies. Additionally, it summarizes the applications and future prospects of bottom-up tissue engineering strategies.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Weikang Bian, Zhicheng Wang, Chongxiu Sun, Dai-Min Zhang
Summary: Calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD) was previously thought to be a passive process but is now understood as an active disease involving complex changes. Targeting therapeutic interventions and utilizing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) offer new avenues for preventing and treating CAVD.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)