Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Peter G. E. Kennedy, Woro George, Xiaoli Yu
Summary: The etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear. There is controversy regarding whether neural cell apoptosis is the key event initiating and driving the pathological cascade, and the role of inflammation-independent and cell autonomous neuronal processes in axonal damage needs further exploration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Feng-Yi Yang, Li-Hsin Huang, Meng-Ting Wu, Zih-Yun Pan
Summary: This study explored the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on remyelination and resident cells in a demyelination model. The results showed that LIPUS can significantly increase myelin basic protein (MBP) expression, inhibit glial cell activation, enhance mature oligodendrocyte density, and promote brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression at the lesion site. In addition, LIPUS treatment resulted in the presence of a heterogeneous population of microglia with various morphologies in the demyelination lesion.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Davin Packer, Emily. E. E. Fresenko, Em. P. P. Harrington
Summary: Significant progress has been made in understanding the biology of remyelination and its potential as a therapeutic strategy for preventing neurodegeneration and disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). Different animal models have been used to study oligodendroglial responses and remyelination, each with its own mechanisms of demyelination, involvement of inflammatory cells, neurodegeneration, and capacity for remyelination. It is important to investigate remyelination in the context of aging and an inflammatory environment for potential translation to progressive MS. This review discusses the assessment of remyelination in mouse models of demyelination, the differences and advantages of these models, emerging therapeutic strategies, and current clinical trials promoting remyelination.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Karina Maciak, Angela Dziedzic, Joanna Saluk
Summary: Remyelination depends on the repair of damaged myelin sheaths, involving microglia cells, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), and mature oligodendrocytes. Short, noncoding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), are believed to play a crucial role in the remyelination process by regulating gene expression. Various delivery systems, including extracellular vesicles, hold promise as an efficient and non-invasive way for providing miRNAs to stimulate remyelination.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Niall M. Pollock, Jason P. Fernandes, Jenilee Woodfield, Eman Moussa, Brittyne Hlavay, William G. Branton, Melinda Wuest, Nazanin Mohammadzadeh, Laura Schmitt, Jason R. Plemel, Olivier Julien, Frank Wuest, Christopher Power
Summary: Neuroinflammation, demyelination, and neuro-axonal damage are key factors in the progression of multiple sclerosis. The activation of GSDMD in the central nervous system contributes to inflammatory demyelination and neuroaxonal injury, providing insights into the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies for progressive multiple sclerosis.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Cell Biology
Bridget Shafit-Zagardo, Simone Sidoli, James E. Goldman, Juwen C. DuBois, John R. Corboy, Stephen M. Strittmatter, Hillary Guzik, Ukuemi Edema, Anita G. Arackal, Yair M. Botbol, Emilio Merheb, Rashed M. Nagra, Sarah Graff
Summary: During inflammatory, demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammation and axonal damage are prevalent early in the course. This study found that the insoluble protein TMEM106B, normally lysosome-associated, is insoluble in MS plaques relative to normal-appearing white matter from individuals with Alzheimer's disease and non-neurologic controls. Hypomorphic mice with a reduction in TMEM106B have increased axonal damage and lipid droplet accumulation in the spinal cord following experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Marie-Stephane Aigrot, Clara Barthelemy, Sarah Moyon, Gaelle Dufayet-Chaffaud, Leire Izagirre-Urizar, Beatrix Gillet-Legrand, Satoru Tada, Laura Bayon-Cordero, Juan-Carlos Chara, Carlos Matute, Nathalie Cartier, Catherine Lubetzki, Vanja Tepavcevic
Summary: Preventing neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis patients is a therapeutic need that has not been met. This study demonstrates a novel approach using blood cells as vehicles to deliver pro-remyelinating agents for enhancing remyelination in demyelinating lesions. The results provide a proof of concept for using genetically modified hematopoietic stem cells to stimulate OPC migration and accelerate remyelination in MS, suggesting potential new strategies for MS treatment.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Yoshiki Takai, Tatsuro Misu, Kazuo Fujihara, Masashi Aoki
Summary: This review summarizes the pathological findings of MOGAD and discusses unresolved issues. The pathological features of MOGAD are clearly different from those of multiple sclerosis (MS) and AQP4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), suggesting that MOGAD is an independent autoimmune demyelinating disease entity. Further research is needed to clarify the exact pathomechanisms of demyelination and its relation to the clinical phenotype and symptoms leading to disability in MOGAD patients.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ji Young Kim, Jin-Hee Kim, Yong-Dae Kim, Je Hoon Seo
Summary: The study demonstrates that oligodendrocytes in the brain are highly vulnerable to damage from ultrafine particulate matters, leading to demyelination and reduced remyelination capacity.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jennifer Cadenas-Fernandez, Pablo Ahumada-Pascual, Luis Sanz Andreu, Ana Velasco
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and inflammatory central nervous system disease with no effective treatments currently available. One of the main research goals is to find therapies that can promote the recovery of neurological disabilities caused by demyelination. This study reviews a variety of drugs that may promote endogenous remyelination in MS patients and could be potential therapeutic agents for the disease.
CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emanuela Colombo, Daniela Triolo, Claudia Bassani, Francesco Bedogni, Marco Di Dario, Giorgia Dina, Evelien Fredrickx, Isabella Fermo, Vittorio Martinelli, Jia Newcombe, Carla Taveggia, Angelo Quattrini, Giancarlo Comi, Cinthia Farina
Summary: The study revealed that TrkB signaling in astrocytes plays a crucial role in demyelination, fostering oligodendrocyte damage and contributing to chronic demyelination in multiple sclerosis. Additionally, the neurotrophin receptor TrkB was found associated with the expression and release of copper ions during neuroinflammation.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Virology
Yaoqian Pan, Shuai Wang, Peng Li, Feng Yue, Yanfang Zhang, Bo Pan, Xingyou Liu
Summary: Canine distemper caused by the canine distemper virus is a significant infectious disease, especially in pet dogs in China, and can lead to apoptosis in brain tissue cells, particularly in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and some neurons, which may play a role in demyelinating pathogenesis. The severity of infection is correlated with the severity of apoptosis in brain cells.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Axel Petzold, Sharon Y. L. Chua, Anthony P. Khawaja, Pearse A. Keane, Peng T. Khaw, Charles Reisman, Baljean Dhillon, Nicholas G. Strouthidis, Paul J. Foster, Praveen J. Patel
Summary: The study tested the feasibility of using retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures of retinal asymmetry as a diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis at the community level. The results showed that the inter-eye difference of inner retinal OCT data has potential diagnostic value for multiple sclerosis. The discriminatory power of diagnosing multiple sclerosis using these measures was higher compared to other methods and may be considered as supportive measurements for diagnostic criteria.
Review
Cell Biology
Greg J. Duncan, Tyrell J. Simkins, Ben Emery
Summary: Oligodendrocytes play a crucial role in myelinating axons, and disruptions in this relationship can lead to axonal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Understanding the mechanisms behind demyelination and loss of oligodendrocytes is important in developing potential therapeutic strategies for disorders where oligodendrocyte support of axons is compromised.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Pawel Grieb, Maciej Swiatkiewicz, Agnieszka Kaminska, Anselm Junemann, Robert Rejdak, Konrad Rejdak
Summary: In remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis, autoreactive immune cells drive relapses while oligodendroglial cells repair myelin during remissions. Disease-modifying therapies can inhibit myelin damage or promote repair, but currently approved therapies are highly toxic. Enhancing myelin repair is a significant unmet medical need for MS patients.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Brian Chiou, Emma H. Neal, Aaron B. Bowman, Ethan S. Lippmann, Ian A. Simpson, James R. Connor
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brian Chiou, Emma H. Neal, Aaron B. Bowman, Ethan S. Lippmann, Ian A. Simpson, James R. Connor
Article
Immunology
Brian Chiou, Elizabeth Neely, Asha Kallianpur, James R. Connor
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brian Chiou, Elizabeth B. Neely, Dillon S. Mcdevitt, Ian A. Simpson, James R. Connor
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2020)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sergi Roig-Puiggros, Robin J. Vigouroux, Danielle Beckman, Nadia I. Bocai, Brian Chiou, Joshua Davimes, Gimena Gomez, Sara Grassi, Ashfaqul Hoque, Thomas K. Karikari, Frederico Kiffer, Mary Lopez, Giulia Lunghi, Pedzisai Mazengenya, Sonja Meier, Mauricio Olguin-Albuerne, Mauricio M. Oliveira, Juan Paraiso-Luna, Jonu Pradhan, Andressa Radiske, Ana Belen Ramos-Hryb, Mayara C. Ribeiro, Roberta Schellino, Maria Clara Selles, Shripriya Singh, Paschalis Theotokis, Alain Chedotal
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tao Li, Brian Chiou, Casey K. Gilman, Rong Luo, Tatsuhiro Koshi, Diankun Yu, Hayeon C. Oak, Stefanie Giera, Erin Johnson-Venkatesh, Allie K. Muthukumar, Beth Stevens, Hisashi Umemori, Xianhua Piao
Article
Neurosciences
Brian Chiou, Chuang Gao, Stefanie Giera, Christopher J. Folts, Priya Kishore, Diankun Yu, Hayeon C. Oak, Rongcai Jiang, Xianhua Piao
Summary: This study demonstrates the critical role of Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor ADGRG1 in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) for myelination in the central nervous system (CNS), while showing no impact on developmental myelination in microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. These findings support an autonomous functional role of ADGRG1 in OPCs related to myelination.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Brian Chiou, James R. Connor