Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christophe E. M. De Block, Eveline Dirinck, Ann Verhaegen, Luc F. Van Gaal
Summary: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide RA tirzepatide have expanded the population of individuals reaching HbA1c and weight targets, showing potential therapeutic benefits. However, further research is needed to determine whether this will lead to improved cardiovascular outcomes and impact treatment guidelines.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Syed Faizan Mehdi, Suma Pusapati, Muhammad Saad Anwar, Durga Lohana, Parkash Kumar, Savitri Aninditha Nandula, Fatima Kausar Nawaz, Kevin Tracey, Huan Yang, Derek LeRoith, Michael J. Brownstein, Jesse Roth
Summary: Inflammation is involved in many chronic conditions and stimulates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune cells. GLP-1 levels are associated with disease severity and can serve as markers of inflammation. Previous studies have investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of oxytocin, hCG, ghrelin, alpha-MSH and ACTH, while the anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 have only recently been recognized. GLP-1 has been shown to be beneficial in treating type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hyperglycemia by reducing inflammation and cell death.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tohru Hira, Aphichat Trakooncharoenvit, Hayate Taguchi, Hiroshi Hara
Summary: GLP-1 is a gastrointestinal hormone released in response to meal ingestion, with glucose and fatty acids as primary stimulants. Dietary peptides and non-nutrients can stimulate GLP-1 secretion and improve glucose tolerance. Utilizing food factors with GLP-1-releasing/enhancing activity is a promising strategy for preventing and treating obesity and diabetes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Myriam M. Ouberai, Ana Gomes L. Dos Santos, Sonja Kinna, David C. Hornigold, David Baker, Jacqueline Naylor, Lihuan Liang, Dominic J. Corkill, Mark E. Welland
Summary: In this study, the researchers successfully improved the clearance and degradation issues of Oxm by using Aib2-Oxm nanofibril depot, which extended its bioactivity and pharmacological response in vivo. The results showed that compared to Oxm, Aib2-Oxm fibrils had a slower elongation rate and a higher propensity to dissociate, resulting in higher bioactivity and prolonged efficacy in rodents. This finding highlights the significance of developing long-lasting peptide fibrillar formulations for extended plasma exposure.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Michiko Asano, Akiko Sekikawa, Hyosung Kim, Robert A. Gasser, Darren Robertson, Marcella Petrone, Lutz Jermutus, Philip Ambery
Summary: The study demonstrated that cotadutide significantly reduced glucose AUC(0-4h) and body weight in Japanese patients with T2D, with mild gastrointestinal symptoms as the main adverse events and good overall tolerability.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jun Chen, Aihua Mei, Xinxin Liu, Zachary Braunstein, Yingying Wei, Biao Wang, Lihua Duan, Xiaoquan Rao, Sanjay Rajagopalan, Lingli Dong, Jixin Zhong
Summary: This study confirms the expression of GLP-1R in macrophages in inflammatory diseases. Deficiency of GLP-1R reduces macrophage migration and enhances interleukin-6 expression. In a gout model, recruitment of macrophages is suppressed in GLP-1R knockout mice.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tiina Vesterinen, Elina Peltola, Helena Leijon, Paeivi Hannula, Heini Huhtala, Markus J. Makinen, Lasse Nieminen, Elina Pirinen, Mikko Ronty, Mirva Soderstrom, Pia Jaatinen, Johanna Arola
Summary: This study found that the lack of GLP-1R expression in insulinomas is associated with metastatic disease and impaired prognosis. GLP-1R expression could be a useful biomarker in estimating the metastatic potential and prognosis of surgically treated patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David M. Irwin
Summary: The proglucagon gene encodes three similar hormones in mammals, which share sequence similarity but may exhibit functional differences across species. While glucagon and GLP-2 sequences are relatively conserved, GLP-1 shows variations in certain bat species. The GLP-2 receptor displays rapid protein sequence evolution, with most variations unlikely to have functional consequences.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sun H. Kim, Fahim Abbasi, Clara Nachmanoff, Konstantinos Stefanakis, Ajay Kumar, Bhanu Kalra, Gopal Savjani, Christos S. Mantzoros
Summary: The study examined the relationship between circulating GLP-1 concentrations during liraglutide treatment and its therapeutic effects on glucose and weight, as well as the impact of liraglutide on other proglucagon-derived peptides. Results showed that liraglutide treatment significantly decreased weight and insulin resistance, while increasing insulin secretion rate.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Konstantinos Stefanakis, Alexander Kokkinos, Georgia Argyrakopoulou, Sofia K. Konstantinidou, Stamatia Simati, Matina Kouvari, Ajay Kumar, Bhanu Kalra, Melina Kumar, Nikolaos Bontozoglou, Konstantina Kyriakopoulou, Christos S. Mantzoros
Summary: The study investigated the changes in circulating levels of proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs) in individuals with overweight or obesity receiving liraglutide or naltrexone/bupropion treatment. Both medications improved body weight, composition, metabolism, and liver function. Liraglutide upregulated total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels, while naltrexone/bupropion produced a weight-independent increase in proglucagon levels and decreases in GLP-2, glucagon, and the major proglucagon fragment. The changes in PGDP levels were associated with improvements in metabolism.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Johanna Helmstaedter, Karin Keppeler, Leonie Kuester, Thomas Muenzel, Andreas Daiber, Sebastian Steven
Summary: Cardiovascular outcome trials have shown cardiovascular benefits for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists. However, the effects of GLP-1 and receptor agonists on the cardiovascular system are not fully understood. Further research is needed to explore the potential cardiovascular protection beyond glycaemic control offered by GLP-1 receptor agonists.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ningxiang Zeng, Elam J. Cutts, Christian B. Lopez, Simran Kaur, Miguel Duran, Sonja A. Virkus, J. Andrew Hardaway
Summary: The study deeply characterized the pattern of Glp1r in the CeA and studied the neurophysiological characteristics of CeA neurons expressing Glp1r. Glp1r(CeA) cells are highly enriched in the medial subdivision of the CeA (CeM) and exhibit unique characteristics in terms of neuronal activity. These findings will be crucial for further understanding the impact of GLP-1R agonists on feeding and motivation.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bruno Verges, Victor Aboyans, Denis Angoulvant, Pierre Boutouyrie, Bertrand Cariou, Fabien Hyafil, Kamel Mohammedi, Pierre Amarenco
Summary: This review summarizes the potential mechanisms by which glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) provide stroke protection in patients with diabetes. GLP-1RAs show multiple anti-atherosclerotic effects and reduce traditional stroke risk factors. Additionally, GLP-1RAs demonstrate direct cerebral effects in animal stroke models, promoting neurogenesis and reducing infarct volume.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Nyan Abdalqadir, Khosrow Adeli
Summary: The intestine plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, energy expenditure, and overall human health by sensing and responding to various signals, harboring a large population of microbes, and secreting a wide variety of hormones and molecules to regulate nutrition and physiology.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chloe Wong, Ming Hui Lee, Clyve Yu Leon Yaow, Yip Han Chin, Xin Lei Goh, Cheng Han Ng, Amanda Yuan Ling Lim, Mark Dhinesh Muthiah, Chin Meng Khoo
Summary: This meta-analysis examined the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results showed significant improvements in hepatic fat content, liver biochemistry, body composition, glucose parameters, lipid parameters, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory markers following treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists were also found to significantly decrease hepatic fat content compared to other treatments, showing promise in improving both diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease phenotype.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiaomeng Li, Charles Brighton Ndandala, Qi Zhou, Chunyan Huang, Guangli Li, Huapu Chen
Summary: This study investigated the role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in vitellogenesis (Vtgs) regulation in pompano fish. The findings suggest that E2 may regulate the expression of different subtypes of vtg through ERs, displaying a compensatory expression effect on the regulation of ers and vtgs. This provides a theoretical basis for further research on reproductive endocrinology in pompano fish.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Norio Kansaku, Takeshi Ohkubo
Summary: Endocrine changes during bird reproduction, particularly the relationship between prolactin and incubation behavior, were investigated. The study monitored the physiological status and incubation behavior of Silkie hens over 1-2 years. The results showed that most mature hens exhibited incubation behavior multiple times, and there was a noticeable increase in nest occupancy 7-10 days before incubation onset. Protein analysis revealed that secreted prolactin during the reproductive cycle contains various isoforms, suggesting post-translational modifications like glycosylation and phosphorylation.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Minghui Li, Lina Sun, Linyan Zhou, Deshou Wang
Summary: This article summarizes the importance of the Nile tilapia as an excellent animal model for studying reproductive endocrinology in fish, with a focus on the crucial role of estrogen in female development.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Breanna N. Harris, Carolyn M. Bauer, James A. Carr, Caitlin R. Gabor, Jennifer L. Grindstaff, Caleigh Guoynes, Jennifer J. Heppner, Cris C. Ledon-Rettig, Patricia C. Lopes, Sharon E. Lynn, Carla B. Madelaire, Lorin A. Neuman-Lee, Maria G. Palacios, Paul Soto, Jennifer Terry
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on academics, particularly on those with minoritized identities or who were early career, caregivers, or had intersecting identities. The pandemic altered the impact factors of academia, including scholarly products, and affected the way individuals could respond. It is predicted that the pandemic will have long-term impacts on the population dynamics, composition, and landscape of the academic ecosystem. The number of journal submissions decreased, especially among women authors, and the pandemic heavily impacted women authors from Asia and the Middle East.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)