Article
Agronomy
Shiju Liu, Cangjue Pubu, Yuanzheng Zhu, Weiping Hao, Guangxin Zhang, Juan Han
Summary: Deep application of nitrogen fertilizer (DANF) is an effective strategy for improving crop yield by applying nitrogen fertilizer in the plow layer. A meta-analysis based on 96 studies showed that a nitrogen application depth of 10-15 cm was most effective. The effects of DANF on crop yield, nitrogen apparent recovery, and nitrogen uptake were influenced by climate, soil, and management factors.
FIELD CROPS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Keyu Ren, Yue Sun, Hongqin Zou, Dejin Li, Changai Lu, Yinghua Duan, Wenju Zhang
Summary: Replacing synthetic nitrogen fertilizer with animal manure is an effective method to reduce reliance on synthetic nitrogen fertilizer and sustain food production. However, the effects of this substitution on crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) are uncertain. Based on a meta-analysis of 118 studies conducted in China, we found that substituting synthetic N fertilizer with manure increased yield by 3.3%-3.9% and NUE by 6.3%-10.0% for wheat, maize, and rice. The effects varied depending on fertilization management practices, climate conditions, and soil properties.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Xing Yu, Claudia Keitel, Yu Zhang, Alex Njugi Wangeci, Feike A. Dijkstra
Summary: Almost half of global nitrogen fertilizer is applied to rice, wheat, and maize, but a large proportion is not directly taken up, causing detrimental effects on the environment. Fertilizer management, climate, and soil factors have important influences on nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency (REN) in these crops. Organic fertilizer and single applications generally have low values of REN. REN increases with growing season temperature for rice and wheat, but decreases for maize. Soil factors such as organic carbon content, pH, and clay content also affect REN, but this depends on the crop type.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Shingirai Mudare, Jasper Kanomanyanga, Xiaoqiang Jiao, Stanford Mabasa, Jay Ram Lamichhane, Jingying Jing, Wen-Feng Cong
Summary: Maize/annual grain legume intercropping is important for sustainable intensification in China and Africa. The effects of intercropping vary between the two regions, with higher yield gains in China and less impact on yield gains in Africa. Relay-strip intercropping is the most effective in China, while maize/legume intercropping achieves high yield gains in Africa.
AGRONOMY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bin Liu, Xiaozhong Wang, Lin Ma, Dave Chadwick, Xinping Chen
Summary: The combined application of organic and synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in vegetable systems in China has shown positive effects in improving vegetable yield, reducing nitrogen losses, and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the optimal substitution rates and sources of organic nitrogen for maximizing these benefits need further research.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhenhua Guo, Lei Lv, Di Liu, Xinmiao He, Wentao Wang, Yanzhong Feng, Md. Saiful Islam, Qiuju Wang, Wengui Chen, Ziguang Liu, Saihui Wu, Adam Abied
Summary: This study investigates the impact of animal manure application on soil microbial ecology in farmlands and performs a meta-analysis on global studies on this topic. The results reveal that manure application increases soil microbial biomass and bacterial diversity while inhibiting fungal diversity. Moreover, the use of inorganic fertilizer replaces animal manure and provides nutrients to soil microorganisms.
Article
Agronomy
Le Xu, Shen Yuan, Xinyu Wang, Xing Yu, Shaobing Peng
Summary: The study found that the higher grain yield of hybrid rice is mainly attributed to higher total nitrogen uptake and internal nitrogen use efficiency, rather than nitrogen fertilizer input. Hybrid rice does not necessarily require more nitrogen fertilizer than inbred rice to achieve higher yield, suggesting that it can be planted with less external nitrogen input to ensure food security and reduce environmental costs.
FOOD AND ENERGY SECURITY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Solomon Yokamo, Muhammad Irfan, Weiwei Huan, Bin Wang, Yiliu Wang, Muhammad Ishfaq, Diajun Lu, Xiaoqin Chen, Qiuliang Cai, Huoyan Wang
Summary: Improving nitrogen use efficiency in wheat remains a crucial challenge in agroecology. This global meta-analysis investigated suitable nitrogen management practices and factors influencing nitrogen fertilization efficiency in wheat. The study found that nitrogen fertilization significantly impacted wheat yield, with different application methods and environmental factors also influencing nitrogen efficiency.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Ahmed I. Abdo, Daolin Sun, El-Sayed E. A. El-Sobky, Hui Wei, Jiaen Zhang
Summary: The study found that ammonia emissions induced by AV had different impacts on yield in rice, maize, and wheat. Different types of nitrogen fertilizers, amendments, and inhibitors also had varying effects on mitigating these impacts. It is suggested to explore more applicable parameters in further research to address these issues.
Article
Agronomy
Tong Yang, Mengjie Wang, Xiaodan Wang, Chunchun Xu, Fuping Fang, Fengbo Li
Summary: Enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer (EENF) can significantly reduce methane emissions and increase rice yield in rice production. The effectiveness of different EENF products and rice varieties in mitigating methane emissions and increasing rice yield varies, and there are differences in agronomic practices.
Article
Agronomy
Kankunlanach Khampuang, Benjavan Rerkasem, Sithisavet Lordkaew, Chanakan Prom-u-thai
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of N fertilizer on rice yield and grain Zn concentration, finding that different rice varieties had varying responses to soil and foliar N application. The study suggests that N and Zn act synergistically in affecting the accumulation of grain Zn in rice, regardless of the initial grain Zn and yield potential of rice varieties.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ahlam Khalofah, Muhammad Ifnan Khan, Muhammad Arif, Ansar Hussain, Rehmat Ullah, Muhammad Irfan, Shahzadi Mahpara, Rahmat Ullah Shah, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Antonin Kintl, Martin Brtnicky, Subhan Danish, Rahul Datta
Summary: The study evaluated the impact of nitrogen fertilizer application methods on two different transplanted rice varieties and found that deep placement of N-fertilizer (DPNF) significantly improved growth, yield-related traits, chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, agronomic N-use efficiency (ANUE), partial factors productivity of applied N (PFP) and economic returns compared to conventional application of N-fertilizer (CANF). Basmati-515 exhibited better traits than Super-Basmati. Interactions between N-fertilizer application methods and rice varieties showed that Basmati-515 with DPNF resulted in higher chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis rate, ANUE, PFP, allometric and yield-related traits and economic returns than CANF. Both varieties had better yield and economic returns with DPNF compared to CANF.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Christopher R. Johnston, Linda R. Walsh, Alistair R. McCracken
Summary: In the study of Short Rotation Coppice (SRC) willow, five genotypes were tested over a seven-year period with no significant differences in total dry weights or stool survival between different harvest intervals. Yield penalties were observed, but could potentially be minimized through careful clonal selection.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Shama Naz, Qiufang Shen, Jonas Lwalaba Wa Lwalaba, Guoping Zhang
Summary: Nitrogen availability and form significantly impact N uptake and assimilation in plants, with barley showing better growth under inorganic nitrogen (NO3-). Wild barley, particularly XZ179, appears to have a higher tolerance to organic nitrogen (glycine) compared to cultivated barley. Ammonium adversely affects growth parameters in both wild and cultivated barley genotypes.
Review
Agronomy
Bhimsen Shrestha, Murali Darapuneni, Blair L. Stringam, Kevin Lombard, Koffi Djaman
Summary: This review examines the effects of irrigation and nitrogen management practices on potato growth and discusses the potential benefits of deficit irrigation strategies in potato production. It emphasizes the importance of finding optimal irrigation and nitrogen management techniques to improve water and nitrogen use efficiencies while maintaining potato yield and quality.
Article
Agronomy
Felipe Montes, Eric S. Fabio, Lawrence B. Smart, Tom L. Richard, Rodrigo Masip Ano, Armen R. Kemanian
Summary: Shrub willow is a well-adapted biomass crop in the northeastern United States, but the actual yield is below the calculated potential due to high harvest costs. The viability of willow for bioenergy production in this region may depend on additional ecosystem services provision and monetization.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Craig H. Carlson, Lawrence B. Smart
Summary: Species hybridization is crucial for improving shrub willow bioenergy crops, with triploid families showing the highest levels of heterosis for harvestable biomass. Intraspecific diploids exhibited lower levels of heterosis, while interspecific diploids produced moderate levels of heterosis in greenhouse experiments. Differences between greenhouse and field trial results can be largely attributed to pest damage affecting the performance of interspecific diploids.
BIOENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Craig H. Carlson, Yongwook Choi, Agnes P. Chan, Christopher D. Town, Lawrence B. Smart
Summary: This study investigates the association between differentially expressed genes and heterosis in triploid families of willow. The results show that nonadditive patterns of gene expression are correlated with nonadditive phenotypic expression in interspecific triploid hybrids of willow. Expression-level dominance is most correlated with heterosis for biomass yield traits and is highly enriched for processes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. Additionally, there is a global dosage effect of parent alleles in triploid hybrids, with expression proportional to copy number variation. Differentially expressed genes between family parents are most predictive of heterosis for both field and greenhouse collected traits. These findings contribute to the improvement of heterozygous perennial bioenergy crops.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Dustin G. Wilkerson, Bircan Taskiran, Craig H. Carlson, Lawrence B. Smart
Summary: The genus Salix is diverse and studying its genetic features is important for improving bioenergy crops and identifying important genes. In this study, a genetic map was created by crossing 6 species of Salix, providing a genetic resource for breeding and selection.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ken Keefover-Ring, Craig H. Carlson, Brennan Hyden, Muhammad Azeem, Lawrence B. Smart
Summary: Secondary chemistry mediates important ecological interactions in plants, and this study examines the genetic basis of the sexually dimorphic secondary chemistry in male and female Salix purpurea willow catkins. The research identifies the specific chemicals produced by each sex, maps quantitative trait loci (QTL) for these traits, and identifies candidate genes associated with the synthesis of these chemicals. The findings contribute to our understanding of the evolution and maintenance of dioecy in plants.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Hussein Muklada, Eric S. Fabio, Lawrence B. Smart
Summary: Riparian buffers are a practical strategy to reduce nitrogen runoff. Shrub willows, with their dense aboveground biomass growth, diffuse shallow root systems, and low water and nutrient use efficiencies, are well-suited for managing water quality. Irrigation with excess nitrogen fertilizer resulted in increased aboveground growth, with variations among genotypes, indicating potential for selection in breeding programs.
Article
Plant Sciences
Chase R. Crowell, Dustin G. Wilkerson, Lawrence B. Smart, Christine D. Smart
Summary: This study provides the first substantial exploration into the population biology, stem infection, and host resistance of Melampsora paradoxa in Salix. The research revealed that the isolates collected from different years in a specific region of New York State were clonally derived, indicating a high degree of population uniformity. It was also found that M. paradoxa may overwinter and reproduce asexually through stem infection, which is a novel finding for this rust species. Additionally, QTL for resistance were discovered on chromosomes 1 and 19 in a S. purpurea x S. suchowensis F-1 breeding population with high disease severity. Furthermore, the association of Colletotrichum salicis with stem rust suggests its potential role in M. paradoxa stem infection.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Martin Liu, Mackenzie Childs, Michael Loos, Alan Taylor, Lawrence B. Smart, Alireza Abbaspourrad
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of germination on the functional properties of hemp seed protein isolates. The results showed that germination can degrade seed storage proteins, alter protein surface charge, and increase protein solubility, water holding capacity, and foaming capacity. Germination also increased the hardness of hemp seed protein gels. Therefore, germination can be used as a clean-label process to improve the functional properties of hemp seed protein.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brennan Hyden, Kai Feng, Timothy B. Yates, Sara Jawdy, Chelsea Cereghino, Lawrence B. Smart, Wellington Muchero
Summary: This study presents de novo assemblies and annotations of 11 shrub willow genomes from six species, revealing remarkable differences in copy number variation of candidate sex determination genes and genes involved in floral secondary metabolism. The findings provide valuable genomic resources for comparative studies and breeding programs. Additionally, the identification of a genotype producing only female descendants and the investigation of gene presence/absence variation in the mitochondrial genome shed light on unusual inheritance patterns.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Martin Liu, Jacob A. Toth, Mackenzie Childs, Lawrence B. Smart, Alireza Abbaspourrad
Summary: Hemp seed protein isolates (HPI) from different hemp cultivars and a commercial hemp heart product were analyzed for their composition and functional properties. The protein solubility and functionality of HPI were influenced by the ratios of edestin, vicilin, and albumin proteins. Variations in water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, foam capacity, and foam stability were observed among the HPI samples. The Cornell breeding line showed the highest protein solubility and unique emulsion-forming ability. The study suggests that targeted development of hemp cultivars can enhance the functional properties of hemp seed protein for use in plant-based foods.
JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Brennan Hyden, Guoliang Yuan, Yang Liu, Lawrence B. Smart, Gerald A. Tuskan, Xiaohan Yang
Summary: This study presents an efficient method for isolating protoplasts from S. purpurea leaf tissue and demonstrates successful transient overexpression and CRISPR-Cas9 mediated mutations. This work holds significance for functional genomics studies in shrub willows.
Article
Plant Sciences
Brennan Hyden, Junzhu Zou, Dustin G. G. Wilkerson, Craig H. H. Carlson, Ayiana Rivera Robles, Stephen P. P. DiFazio, Lawrence B. B. Smart
Summary: In this study, the genome sequence of a rare monoecious genotype of Salix purpurea, 94003, was analyzed to identify the genomic regions associated with sex determination. A refined two-gene sex determination model, mediated by ARR17 and GATA15, was proposed for Salix purpurea, which is different from the single-gene ARR17-mediated system in the related genus Populus.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Martin Liu, Lawrence B. Smart, Alireza Abbaspourrad
Summary: Ultrafiltration was used to modify the composition and functionality of hemp seed protein isolates (HSPI). The use of a 100 nm membrane during ultrafiltration resulted in the removal of off-color pigments, vicilin proteins, and small peptides, leading to changes in the physicochemical properties and functionality of HSPI. Germination combined with ultrafiltration increased the water holding capacity of HSPI by 2.3 times, while oil holding capacity remained unaffected. Ultrafiltration resulted in HSPIs with decreased foaming capacity and increased gelation concentration compared to isoelectric precipitation. However, the emulsifying activity indexes of 5-day germinated HSPIs were statistically unchanged between the two processing methods. Germination and ultrafiltration are therefore considered as clean-label processing techniques for modifying HSPIs' composition and functionality.
Article
Plant Sciences
George M. Stack, Craig H. Carlson, Jacob A. Toth, Glenn Philippe, Jamie L. Crawford, Julie L. Hansen, Donald R. Viands, Jocelyn K. C. Rose, Lawrence B. Smart
Summary: Cannabis sativa is cultivated for various uses, including the production of cannabinoids. Scientists and cultivators need to optimize a complex set of traits, shaped by natural and human selection, to improve the production of high-cannabinoid cultivars. Understanding the factors that affect cannabinoid variation within and among genotypes is crucial for efficient production systems and ecological significance.
Article
Horticulture
Andrei Galic, Heather Grab, Nicholas Kaczmar, Kady Maser, William B. Miller, Lawrence B. Smart
Summary: This experiment aimed to assess the cold tolerance of hemp and its effects on physiological stress, biomass, and cannabinoid profile. The results showed limited effects of sequential cold treatments and cold acclimation on hemp, but negative effects were observed in the cannabinoid profile under the condition of cold acclimation.
