Article
Chemistry, Applied
Marta Gallego, Fidel Toldra, Leticia Mora
Summary: HILIC combined with tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze seven dipeptides in dry-cured hams sampled at different processing times. The results showed an increase in concentration of certain dipeptides with processing time, while others decreased. In silico analyses revealed sensory characteristics and predicted properties of the dipeptides studied.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hongying Li, Jianping Wu, Jing Wan, Ying Zhou, Qiujin Zhu
Summary: Panxian dry-cured ham, a representative of traditional Chinese dry-cured ham, contains bioactive peptides with antioxidant, ACE, and PAF-AH inhibitory activities. The <3 kDa peptide fraction showed the strongest inhibitory activity among the three fractions.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alejandro Heres, Marta Gallego, Leticia Mora, Fidel Toldra
Summary: Reducing salt in meat products can affect the natural mechanisms of proteolysis, leading to changes in texture and flavor. This study quantified the presence of dipeptides in low-salt Spanish dry-cured ham using mass spectrometry. The results showed a correlation between these dipeptides and taste attributes, as well as potential health benefits.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Qingbo Shu, Shan Liu, Tonino Alonzi, Sylvia M. LaCourse, Dhiraj Kumar Singh, Duran Bao, Dalton Wamalwa, Li Jiang, Christopher J. Lyon, Grace John-Stewart, Deepak Kaushal, Delia Goletti, Tony Hu
Summary: Using mass spectrometry (MS) to read immunoassays for biomarker-derived peptides can improve sensitivity and specificity, allowing for better identification of tuberculosis cases and differentiation between disease and asymptomatic infection. This approach shows strong potential for infectious disease diagnosis and monitoring changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis burden for more effective disease control.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Alejandro Heres, Qian Li, Fidel Toldra, Rene Lametsch, Leticia Mora
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of salting on the generation of taste-active peptides during the production of dry-cured ham. Mass spectrometry was used to quantify gamma-glutamyl peptides in low-salted Spanish dry-cured hams that had been processed for 12 months. Two extraction methods, ethanolic deproteinization-based and non-ethanolic deproteinization-based, were compared. The results showed that the extraction method had an impact on the concentrations of certain gamma-glutamyl peptides, indicating the importance of appropriate protocols for peptide extraction. Additionally, potential precursors for the formation of gamma-glutamyl peptides were generated during dry-curing under salt restriction, which could enhance sensory attributes and counter the taste deficiencies caused by salt restriction.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Beatriz Munoz-Rosique, Noelia Hernandez-Correas, Adela Abellan, Estefania Bueno, Rafael Gomez, Luis Tejada
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of salt reduction and pig genetic line on the bioactivity of boneless hams. The results showed that both pig genetic line and salt reduction have an influence on the bioactivity of the hams.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Alejandro Heres, Issei Yokoyama, Marta Gallego, Fidel Toldra, Keizo Arihara, Leticia Mora
Summary: The study revealed that the dipeptide Ala-Ala is abundant in dry-cured ham and can be quantitated using mass spectrometry. AA dipeptide showed antihypertensive activity and potential positive effects on cardiovascular health after consumption of dry-cured ham.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gisela Carrera-Alvarado, Fidel Toldra, Leticia Mora
Summary: Animal bones can be used as a sustainable pathway for the production of bioactive compounds. By pretreating bones with pepsin enzyme and then hydrolyzing them with Alcalase and Protana prime, researchers found that all three hydrolysates showed antioxidant and DPP-IV inhibitory activity, with the highest result obtained from the PAPP hydrolysate.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xin Guo, Di Shi, Chengjiang Liu, Yali Huang, Qingling Wang, Jingyun Wang, Longying Pei, Shiling Lu
Summary: This study investigated the changes in lipid metabolism and metabolic pathways during the processing of dry-cured mutton ham using a lipidic metabolomics approach. The results showed that glycerolipids and glycerophospholipids were the most abundant lipids. The fermenting stage had the greatest impact on the quality of mutton ham, and glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism were the key pathways involved.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Chengliang Li, Leticia Mora, Fidel Toldra
Summary: The study demonstrated that the antioxidant efficacy of peptides released during the ripening of Spanish dry-cured ham was influenced by microenvironmental factors. The ABTS center dot+ quenching capacity increased significantly, while the FRAP and DPPH center dot scavenging abilities decreased over time. Additionally, the formation of intra-/intermolecular interactions in dispersion medium was promoted by prolonged ripening, affecting the antioxidant performance of the peptides.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lujuan Xing, Lijuan Fu, Yuejing Hao, Wangang Zhang
Summary: The dry-cured ham-derived peptide DLEE exhibited excellent bioactive capacity by reducing the ROS level and regulating the antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, Nrf2/Keap1 was shown to be the main signaling pathway underlying DLEE-induced antioxidant activities in Caco-2 cells.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lijuan Fu, Lujuan Xing, Yuejing Hao, Ziyi Yang, Shuang Teng, Lanlan Wei, Wangang Zhang
Summary: Xuanwei ham crude peptides (XHP) exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory mediators through regulating inflammation-related signaling pathways, with specific peptide sequences showing higher anti-inflammatory capacity.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Guangqiang Wei, Xiang Li, Daodian Wang, Bo Zhao, Yanan Shi, Aixiang Huang
Summary: Using iTRAQ quantitative peptidomic method, specific peptides were identified from Chinese Dahe black pig ham (DWH) and hybrid pig ham (Yorkshire x Landrace x Dahe black ham, YLDWH). The DWH-derived antioxidant peptide AR14 exhibited high free radical scavenging and cellular antioxidant activity. Molecular docking analysis revealed that AR14 interacted with Keap1 through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. This study highlights the potential of AR14 in preserving ham quality and benefiting human health.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jeffrey R. Whiteaker, Rachel A. Lundeen, Lei Zhao, Regine M. Schoenherr, Aura Burian, Dongqing Huang, Ulianna Voytovich, Tao Wang, Jacob J. Kennedy, Richard G. Ivey, Chenwei Lin, Oscar D. Murillo, Travis D. Lorentzen, Mathangi Thiagarajan, Simona Colantonio, Tessa W. Caceres, Rhonda R. Roberts, Joseph G. Knotts, Joshua J. Reading, Jan A. Kaczmarczyk, Christopher W. Richardson, Sandra S. Garcia-Buntley, William Bocik, Stephen M. Hewitt, Karen E. Murray, Nhan Do, Mary Brophy, Stephen W. Wilz, Hongbo Yu, Samuel Ajjarapu, Emily Boja, Tara Hiltke, Henry Rodriguez, Amanda G. Paulovich
Summary: Immunotherapies have transformed cancer care but face challenges such as low response rates, toxicities, and incomplete understanding of tumor immunobiology. A multiplex panel of proteomic assays targeting tumor-related proteins in tissue and plasma has been developed, showing impressive performance metrics and potential for future research use.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Alejandro Heres, Qian Li, Fidel Toldra, Rene Lametsch, Leticia Mora
Summary: This study quantitatively analyzed the peptide composition in different stages of processing Spanish dry-cured hams using mass spectrometry. The results showed that the content of gamma-glutamyl dipeptides and gamma-glutamyl tripeptides changed during the traditional processing of the hams. These peptides may be important factors contributing to the flavor differences in dry-cured hams.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Asli Can Karaca, Michael Nickerson, Cinzia Caggia, Cinzia L. Randazzo, Amjad K. Balange, Celia Carrillo, Marta Gallego, Javad Sharifi-Rad, Senem Kamiloglu, Esra Capanoglu
Summary: There is an increasing demand for alternative protein sources due to population growth and consumer awareness on sustainability and environmental issues. Proteins from plant, marine, insect, and microbial sources are considered as excellent alternatives to animal-based proteins due to their low cost, sustainable production, and nutritional value. This overview provides information on the properties, functionality, and nutritional quality of novel protein sources, as well as discusses the effects of extraction methods on protein composition and quality. It also reviews recent studies on protein modification and functionality improvement, and discusses the challenges and potential applications of protein ingredients from novel sources. Future research recommendations are also presented.
FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lujuan Xing, Lijuan Fu, Fidel Toldra, Shuang Teng, Yantao Yin, Wangang Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the in vitro stability of bioactive peptide extract from dry-cured Xuanwei hams and its anti-inflammatory effect in RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that heating and pH treatment did not significantly affect the anti-inflammatory capacity of XHPs, while the simulated gastrointestinal digestion enhanced their anti-inflammatory effect by releasing novel bioactive peptides.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Marta Gallego, Susana Ribes, Raill Grau, Pau Talens
Summary: This study investigates the effects of adding different proteins (whey protein and bovine gelatin protein) and hydrocolloids (modified waxy-maize starch and carboxymethyl cellulose) on the flow and viscoelastic properties, oral processing, and gastrointestinal digestion of protein-enriched mushroom creams. Samples with bovine gelatin protein and carboxymethyl cellulose were found to be safer for dysphagic and elderly individuals, while the addition of saliva to samples containing modified waxy-maize starch could prevent safe swallowing. Samples with protein hydrolysates and anionic carboxymethyl cellulose had high viscosity and consistency values, but reduced protein digestibility during gastrointestinal digestion. This study highlights the importance of protein-hydrocolloid interactions and the food matrix in determining the rheological and digestibility properties of protein-enriched foods for specific population groups.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alejandro Heres, Leticia Mora, Fidel Toldra
Summary: Dry-cured pork products undergo extensive proteolysis during manufacturing, resulting in the release of various peptides. While many of these peptides have been studied for their bioactivity, little attention has been given to di- and tripeptides. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about di- and tripeptides in dry-cured pork meats, focusing on their bioactivity and sensory properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Gisela Carrera-Alvarado, Fidel Toldra, Leticia Mora
Summary: This study aimed to determine the glycocholic acid binding capacity (BC) of chicken blood hydrolysates using an optimized RP-HPLC methodology. The results showed that Alcalase and Protamex hydrolysates had the highest BC values, with mean values of 20.09% and 20.61%, respectively. Furthermore, peptide fractions >10 kDa were found to have the highest BC values, and potential protein fragments responsible for BC were identified using LC-MS/MS.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Chuqiao Xiao, Liuyang Zhou, Jie Gao, Ruibo Jia, Yang Zheng, Suqing Zhao, Mouming Zhao, Fidel Toldra
Summary: This study investigated the potential of Musculus senhousei as a source of hepatoprotective peptides against alcoholic liver injury. The Musculus senhousei peptides (MSP) exhibited notable antioxidant and alcohol dehydrogenase stabilizing activity in vitro. In vivo experiments demonstrated that ingestion of MSP alleviated alcohol-induced liver injury in mice, with increased hepatic ADH activity and activated antioxidative defense system observed. Peptidomic analysis identified potentially novel peptides with bioactivity and bioavailability. Synthesized and validated peptides were found bioactive in vitro. Musculus senhousei can be an ideal source of bioactive peptides for the prevention of alcoholic liver injury.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gisela Carrera-Alvarado, Fidel Toldra, Leticia Mora
Summary: Animal bones can be used as a sustainable pathway for the production of bioactive compounds. By pretreating bones with pepsin enzyme and then hydrolyzing them with Alcalase and Protana prime, researchers found that all three hydrolysates showed antioxidant and DPP-IV inhibitory activity, with the highest result obtained from the PAPP hydrolysate.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jian Zhang, Fidel Toldra, Wangang Zhang, Yantao Yin, Zihan Zhu
Summary: The impacts of ultrasound on peptide characteristics and taste of unsmoked bacon were evaluated using peptidomics and bioinformatics approaches. The activity of main endogenous proteases was significantly increased after ultrasonic treatment, leading to an increased number and enhanced LFQ intensity of peptides. However, excessive ultrasound power hindered protein hydrolysis and had a negative effect on peptide generation. Controlled ultrasound treatment could be considered as a promising way to improve the taste of unsmoked bacon.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Manuel Ignacio Lopez-Martinez, Fidel Toldra, Leticia Mora
Summary: The increase in world population has led to a higher demand for quality proteins, resulting in increased meat production and the generation of large amounts of by-products. Utilizing these by-products as food ingredients is an effective strategy to add value and reduce environmental impact. This study investigated the potential of four pork organs (liver, kidney, lung, and brain) as a source of flavor-related substances. Liver was found to have the highest content of amino acids related to taste, while kidney had the highest content of umami nucleotides. Liver and kidney also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. These findings suggest that pork organs, especially liver and kidney, could be used as raw materials to produce functional flavoring ingredients.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Maria Hayes, Rotimi E. Aluko, Elena Aurino, Leticia Mora
Summary: Inflammation is closely linked to hypertension and negative heart health outcomes, but the mechanisms by which inflammation causes high blood pressure are not fully understood. Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes play a role in pain, inflammation, and hypertension development. Inhibiting these enzymes is of interest to researchers and pharmaceutical companies. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used for COX inhibition, but they can have side effects. Functional food ingredients containing COX inhibitors offer a strategy to inhibit the enzymes without negative side effects. This study describes the generation and characterization of a bioactive hydrolysate from a red microalga with COX-1 inhibitory and antihypertensive activity. Identified peptides were synthesized and confirmed to inhibit cyclooxygenase. The hydrolysate was incorporated into jelly candies and showed antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ola Abdelhedi, Leticia Mora, Mourad Jridi, Fidel Toldra, Moncef Nasri
Summary: The defatted viscera from smooth hound were used to produce four protein hydrolysates using different microbial proteases. The Purafect-hydrolysate showed the highest antioxidant and ACE inhibition potentials. Fractionation by ultra-filtration resulted in FIV with the best bio-activities. These low MW peptides from viscera hydrolysate have the potential to be used as bioactive agents in functional food formulations.
WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Yuejing Hao, Lujuan Xing, Zixu Wang, Jiaming Cai, Fidel Toldra, Wangang Zhang
Summary: In this study, the effects of ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis on the extraction of anti-inflammatory peptides from porcine bone collagen were investigated. It was found that ultrasound treatment increased the content of alpha-helix while decreased beta-chain and random coil, and promoted the generation of small molecular peptides. Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis improved the peptide content, enhanced ABTS+ radical scavenging and ferrous ion chelating ability. Peptides obtained through ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory activity, suppressing the release of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. Eight peptides with potential anti-inflammatory activities were selected through LC-MS/MS analysis, PeptideRanker, and molecular docking. Overall, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis proved to be an effective strategy for extracting bioactive peptides from porcine bone, and the anti-inflammatory regulation capacity of bone collagen sourced peptides was demonstrated for the first time.
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
M. Graca Dias, Elsa Vasco, Francisco Ravasco, Lufsa Oliveira
Summary: This study estimated the vitamin D intake of "adults" and "elderly" populations in Portugal using the TDS methodology. The results showed that the majority of people had inadequate vitamin D intake, well below the Dietary Reference Values.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yanan Wang, Jiachen Shi, Yong-Jiang Xu, Chin-Ping Tan, Yuanfa Liu
Summary: This study investigates the variations in lipid digestion profiles among individuals of different ages using in vitro digestion models. The findings suggest that adults have a more comprehensive lipid digestion compared to infants, and infants tend to release shorter chain length and more saturated free fatty acids during digestion. Additionally, the particle sizes in the stomach of the elderly were consistently larger. This study enhances our understanding of how lipids with different degrees of unsaturation undergo digestion in diverse age groups.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hyunjong Yu, Huisu Kim, Pahn-Shick Chang
Summary: Chitosan-pectin emulsion-filled hydrogel (EFH) was developed to enhance the bioaccessibility of lipophilic bioactive compounds through intestinal delivery. The EFH, prepared without crosslinking agents, demonstrated improved mechanical strength and compactness with higher pectin concentration. It retained the emulsion at pH 2.0 and released it at pH 7.4, resulting in enhanced release of free fatty acids and improved bioaccessibility of curcumin.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tongze Zhang, Siqi Hong, Jia-Rong Zhang, Pin-He Liu, Siyi Li, Zixian Wen, Jianwei Xiao, Guirong Zhang, Olivier Habimana, Nagendra P. Shah, Zhongquan Sui, Harold Corke
Summary: Lactic acid fermentation significantly affects the morphology and physicochemical properties of proso millet starch, including the formation of surface indentations and small pores, decrease in gelatinization temperatures, and changes in hardness and adhesiveness.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Liqin Kong, Feng Hong, Peng Luan, Yiping Chen, Yaoze Feng, Ming Zhu
Summary: This study presents a novel impedance biosensor using composite nanomaterials and T1R1 as a signal probe, which can competitively and ultra-sensitively detect umami intensity. The biosensor exhibits exceptional analytical performance and is suitable for food flavor evaluation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Kunying Lv, Yixin Yang, Qilong Li, Ran Chen, Liang Deng, Yiwei Zhang, Ning Jiang
Summary: Horse's milk, with its high nutritional value and low allergenic proteins, could be a substitute for cow's milk in infant consumption. A proteomic method was used to identify and compare milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and whey proteins from different horse breeds. The study found differences in protein composition and functionality, which could support the development of formulas more suitable for human infants.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Enrique Jacobo Diaz-Montana, Helene Brignot, Ramon Aparicio-Ruiz, Thierry Thomas- Danguin, Maria Teresa Morales
Summary: Sensory perception of virgin olive oil is influenced by phenols and volatiles, which are affected by the composition of the oil and biological factors. This study investigated the effect of saliva and phenols on the release of volatiles, and found that the presence of phenols decreased the release of saturated volatiles.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wei Zhou, Rui Zhang, Zhen Cai, Fangfang Wu, Yong Hu, Chao Huang, Kun Hu, Yun Chen
Summary: Environmentally friendly and outstanding pH-responsive cationic starch nanoparticles (CSNP) were prepared from pH-sensitive starch. CSNP exhibited nanosize and regular sphere, highly free-flowing molecular chains, and demonstrated excellent pH responsiveness through multiple emulsion/demulsification transitions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Andrea Koo, Vinayak Ghate, Weibiao Zhou
Summary: This study suggests that direct seeding may negatively affect the nutritional quality of crops, causing a decrease in ascorbic acid, vitamin K, and total glucosinolate content.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tonghao Du, Yazhou Xu, Xiaoyan Xu, Shijin Xiong, Linli Zhang, Biao Dong, Jinqing Huang, Tao Huang, Muyan Xiao, Tao Xiong, Mingyong Xie
Summary: This study successfully improved the ACE inhibitory activity of black sesame seeds by fermenting them with Lactobacillus Plantarum NCU116 and hydrolyzing them using acid protease. The RF-PSO model was used to predict the ACE inhibitory activity during the hydrolysis process. Eight peptides with ACE inhibitory activity were identified from fermented black sesame seed hydrolysates after separation and screening.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yao Liu, Songyi Lin, Kexin Liu, Shan Wang, Qiaozhen Liu, Na Sun
Summary: This study analyzed the structural changes of shrimp proteins during digestion, predicted the immunodominant epitopes, and validated their allergenicity. The results showed that shrimp proteins were degraded into peptides during digestion, but still carried IgE epitopes that trigger allergic reactions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Tiantian Fu, Hongwei Cao, Yu Zhang, Xiao Guan
Summary: This study investigates the impact of milling on the active components in rice, with a focus on the stability and bioaccessibility of phenols, VB1, and alpha-GABA during cooking and digestion. The findings show that milling exacerbates the instability of gamma-GABA during cooking and VB1 during digestion, and it affects the bioaccessibility of these active compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhihao Yang, Yanru Hou, Min Zhang, Puxin Hou, Chang Liu, Lu Dou, Xiaoyu Chen, Lihua Zhao, Lin Su, Ye Jin
Summary: This study investigated the molecular mechanism of feeding regimes on lamb flavor by using TMT labeling combined with MS. The results showed that pasture-fed groups had higher levels of amino acids and volatile flavor substances compared to concentrate-fed groups. Additionally, several differentially abundant proteins associated with lamb flavor were identified.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zixuan Xie, De Zhang, Junyu Zhu, Qianqian Luo, Jun Liu, Jingtao Zhou, Xiaoyong Wang, Yuqiong Chen, Zhi Yu, Dejiang Ni
Summary: This study investigated the acidification of aroma-enhanced black tea during storage. Analysis of non-volatile substances and organic acids using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and HPLC revealed a decrease in soluble sugars and amino acids, while an increase in organic acids such as oxalic acid, malic acid, and quinic acid. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that the acidification is a result of the decomposition of sugars and amino acids by heating, as well as the oxidation of aromatic aldehydes. Additionally, the study showed that the taste composition of tea infusion is altered, with reduced amino acids, catechins, soluble sugars, and flavonoids. This research provides a theoretical basis for improving the quality of black tea.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lin Wang, Falai Ma, Zihan Li, Yan Zhang
Summary: This study developed time-temperature integrators based on amyloglucosidase@Cu3(PO4)2 nanoflowers for monitoring the freshness of chilled pork. The results showed that the integrators were highly reliable and accurate in predicting the quality of chilled pork.