Modulation of pre-neoplastic biomarkers induced by sequential aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 exposure in F344 rats treated with UPSN clay

Populations consuming aflatoxin (AF) and fumonisin (FN)-contaminated foods may be at increased risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and developmental disorders; consequently, development of intervention strategies to reduce AF/FN-induced liver disease and adverse health effects in humans could be very useful. Calcium montmorillonite clay (NovaSil) has been shown to absorb AF in vitro, in multiple animal models, as well as in human studies. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether uniform particle size NovaSil (UPSN) possessed an ability to modulate the co-carcinogenic potentials of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) and fumonisin B-1 (FB1) in F344 rats. Sequential treatment of FB1 following AFB(1) synergistically induces preneoplastic alterations as well as liver damage, indicating that AFB(1) acts as an initiator while FB1 as a promoter in the carcinogenesis model, confirming findings from previous studies. The enterosorbent agent UPSN clay at dose of up to 0.5% in diet was shown to be effective in modulating the toxicity and carcinogenicity of co-exposure to AFB(1) and FB1, as demonstrated by significant reduction in number and size of hepatic GST-P+ foci, in alterations indicative of liver toxicity, and in levels of AFB(1) and FB1 biomarkers.