期刊
FASEB JOURNAL
卷 32, 期 1, 页码 220-229出版社
FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700324R
关键词
hemorrhagic brain injury; immunosuppression; spleen; infection
资金
- National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB966900]
- National Science Foundation of China [81230028, 81301044, 81471535]
- Key Project of Tianjin Health Industry [14KG110]
- American Heart Association [16SDG27250236]
- U.S. National Institutes of Health National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [R01NS092713]
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society [RG-1507-05318]
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR ADVANCING TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCES [UL1TR001863] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS092713] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
Severe brain injury significantly influences immune responses; however, the levels at which this influence occurs and which neurogenic pathways are involved are not well defined. Here, we used MRI to measure spleen volume and tissue diffusion changes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We observed increased capillary exchange and spleen shrinkage by d 3 post-ICH, with recovery by d 14. The extent of spleen shrinkage was associated with brain hematoma size, and a reduced progression of perihematomal edema was observed in the presence of severe spleen shrinkage. At the cellular level, lymphopenia was present in patients with ICH at admission and persisted up to 14 d. Lymphopenia did not parallel the observed spleen alteration. In addition, patients with ICH with infection had significant deficiencies of T and NK cells and poor functional outcomes. Finally, in mouse models of ICH, spleen shrinkage could be related to innervations from adrenergic input and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. In sum, the profound impact of ICH on the immune system involves the coordinated actions of sympathetic innervation and the HPA axis, which modulate spleen shrinkage and cellular immunity.
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