Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Cuilin Zhang, Qiuyu Zhuang, Jingfeng Liu, Xiaolong Liu
Summary: Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary research area that uses engineering principles to design and construct biological systems for practical applications. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, as one of the most successful clinical applications of synthetic biology, have shown tremendous success in treating blood malignancies. However, there are still limitations to CAR T cell therapy, hence the need for innovative CAR design becomes urgent.
ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonio Nenna, Myriam Carpenito, Camilla Chello, Pierluigi Nappi, Ombretta Annibali, Bruno Vincenzi, Francesco Grigioni, Massimo Chello, Francesco Nappi
Summary: CAR-T therapy has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, but it also carries the risk of cardiotoxicity. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improve outcomes and reduce cardiovascular complications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Elien De Bousser, Nico Callewaert, Nele Festjens
Summary: T cell-engaging immunotherapy aims to activate cytotoxic T cells to destroy cancer cells, while CAR T cell therapy redirects immune cells to recognize tumor antigens. Despite success, challenges such as toxicities and limited efficacy need to be addressed for the broad use of CAR T cell therapy. Research is ongoing to develop more powerful CAR T cells.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Taewoong Choi, Yubin Kang
Summary: Although treatment outcomes for multiple myeloma patients have greatly improved in the past two decades, the disease remains incurable. New immunotherapies, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, have emerged to treat multiple myeloma. This article provides a comprehensive review of the clinical efficacy, safety, and potential resistance mechanisms of current myeloma CAR-T therapies, with a focus on B Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) as the most successful target. The article also discusses novel strategies to enhance the effectiveness of myeloma CAR-T therapy.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Simone Thomas, Hinrich Abken
Summary: Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) in the second generation format provide two signals for T cell activation. However, CAR T cell persistence is limited and can be improved by supplementing cytokines as the third signal. Recent progress in understanding receptor signaling allows for the engineering of cytokines to selectively stimulate CAR T cells. We discuss strategies for engineering cytokine help intensified CAR (CHIC) T cells for adoptive cell therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Tahereh Soltantoyeh, Behnia Akbari, Amirali Karimi, Ghanbar Mahmoodi Chalbatani, Navid Ghahri-Saremi, Jamshid Hadjati, Michael R. Hamblin, Hamid Reza Mirzaei
Summary: Metastatic melanoma is a highly aggressive and difficult to treat type of skin cancer, but new therapies like CAR T cell therapy offer hope for patients. However, challenges such as off-target toxicity and therapy resistance need to be addressed through combination approaches.
Review
Oncology
Giuseppe Schepisi, Caterina Gianni, Michela Palleschi, Sara Bleve, Chiara Casadei, Cristian Lolli, Laura Ridolfi, Giovanni Martinelli, Ugo De Giorgi
Summary: To date, various therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapies, have been successful in prolonging the survival of breast cancer patients. Our article focuses on the application of chimeric antigen receptor-based immunotherapy in breast cancer.
Review
Immunology
Long Chen, Fukun Chen, Huatao Niu, Jindan Li, Yongzhu Pu, Conghui Yang, Yue Wang, Rong Huang, Ke Li, Yujie Lei, Yunchao Huang
Summary: CAR-T cell therapy is a novel immunotherapy strategy that has been successfully used against both hematological tumors and solid tumors. Despite some challenges, CAR-T cell treatment still holds great promise.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Wenwen Wei, Dong Yang, Xi Chen, Dandan Liang, Liqun Zou, Xudong Zhao
Summary: This review summarizes the characteristics of non-B-cell acute leukemia and the efficacy and challenges of CAR-T cell therapy in treating this type of leukemia.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rodrigo C. C. De Marco, Hector J. J. Monzo, Paivi M. Ojala
Summary: With the continuous advancements in immunotherapy and precision medicine, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has emerged as a new treatment approach in oncology. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, genetically modified lymphocytes, have shown promising results in targeting and killing cancer cells. Commercialization of CAR T cell therapy has paved the way for future bright developments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Piotr Celichowski, Marcello Turi, Sandra Charvatova, Dhwani Radhakrishnan, Neda Feizi, Zuzana Chyra, Michal Simicek, Tomas Jelinek, Juli Rodriguez Bago, Roman Hajek, Matous Hrdinka
Summary: Cancer immunotherapies using genetically engineered T cells, particularly CAR T cell therapy, have shown promising results in hematological malignancies. To improve outcomes and reduce side effects, scientists are collaborating to develop next-generation CAR T cells using advanced tools and technologies from molecular cell biology and synthetic biology.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Ross E. Staudt, Robert D. Carlson, Adam E. Snook
Summary: Immunotherapy, using genetically modified T cells to target and eliminate cancer cells, has shown great success in the treatment of hematologic cancers. However, its application in gastrointestinal cancers requires further research and development.
CANCER BIOLOGY & THERAPY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Diana Gumber, Leo D. Wang
Summary: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown impressive antitumor activity in the treatment of hematological malignancies, but CAR T cell exhaustion remains a major limitation. This review discusses the underlying mechanisms of exhaustion and emerging strategies to prevent or reverse exhaustion through modifications of the CAR receptor or CAR independent pathways. These strategies hold potential for improving the clinical outcomes of CAR T cell therapy.
Review
Immunology
Haolong Lin, Jiali Cheng, Wei Mu, Jianfeng Zhou, Li Zhu
Summary: CAR-T cell therapy has shown remarkable success in antitumor treatments, particularly against hematological malignancies. The development of universal CAR-T (UCAR-T) cell therapy may overcome current limitations, with a focus on safety, efficiency, and potential complementary immune cells. The landscape and prospects of UCAR-T cell therapy are explored through a comprehensive overview of progress and challenges.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Hanfei Guo, Lei Qian, Jiuwei Cui
Summary: In this review, the roles of myeloid-derived macrophages in cytokine release syndrome (CRS) are summarized, along with discussions on new developments in macrophage activation and related mechanisms of cytokine regulation in CRS.
CANCER BIOLOGY & MEDICINE
(2022)