Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoxiao Lin, Michelle Amalraj, Crisylle Blanton, Brenda Avila, Todd C. Holmes, Douglas A. Nitz, Xiangmin Xu
Summary: The hippocampal formation has complex circuitry involving noncanonical synaptic pathways, including significant inputs to dorsal CA3 from ventral CA1, perirhinal cortex, and the subicular complex. These connections play a role in object-related spatial learning and memory, highlighting the importance of exploring the functional roles of noncanonical hippocampal circuit connections.
Article
Neurosciences
Ernesto Griego, Gabriel Herrera-Lopez, Gisela Gomez-Lira, German Barrionuevo, Rafael Gutierrez, Emilio J. Galvan
Summary: This study found that TrkB receptors are expressed in neurons of the CA3 region of the hippocampus, and activation of TrkB affects the physiological responses of these cells. TrkB-positive interneurons with fast-spiking discharge are mainly found in specific sublayers of CA3, while regular-spiking interneurons are more widely distributed.
Review
Neurosciences
Ernesto Griego, Emilio J. Galvan
Summary: This study reviews the physiological actions of mGluRs, particularly in the hippocampal area CA3, and investigates the changes in expression and functionality of mGluRs during aging. The study also includes original data demonstrating electrophysiological modifications in aged CA3 pyramidal cells in response to stimulation of different mGluRs.
Article
Neurosciences
Enhui Pan, Ram S. Puranam, James O. McNamara
Summary: Insight into the cellular and circuit mechanisms underlying development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) will provide a foundation for improved therapies. In this study, the researchers focused on the interval between prolonged seizures and late onset recurrent seizures. Using various experimental methods, they found that activation of dentate granule cells during seizures induced synaptic plasticity, which maintained a balance of synaptic excitation and inhibition in CA3 pyramidal cells and protected animals from spontaneous recurrent seizures.
Article
Cell Biology
Fang Zheng, Jurgen Wess, Christian Alzheimer
Summary: M1 and M3 receptors have different effects on plasticity at the mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal cell synapse, with enhancement of plasticity in the absence of M1/M3 and attenuation of plasticity in the absence of M2.
Article
Plant Sciences
Meixu Wan, Kunkun Yin, Jing Yuan, Shiyan Ma, Qing Xu, Dekun Li, Hui Gao, Xiangbo Gou
Summary: The Yiqi Fumai lyophilized injection (YQFM) demonstrated protective effects in cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis, regulating autophagy pathway, and activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qinxiang Zhou, Hao Tang, Dingqun Bai, Yuhan Kong
Summary: The study demonstrates that activation of TrkB signaling by 7,8-DHF protects neurons against OGD/R injury via the TrkB/Akt pathway, showing potential as a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
Article
Neurosciences
Suk Kyung Shin, Jae-Myung Yoo, Fu Yi Li, Seong Yeon Baek, Mee Ree Kim
Summary: Research showed that mulberry fruit extract (MFE) protected neuronal cells by improving cell viability, reducing oxidative stress, suppressing apoptosis, regulating protein expression, and upregulating BDNF and antioxidant enzymes. This neuroprotective effect was achieved by stabilizing the activation of the TrkB/Akt pathway. Such findings suggest the potential of MFE as a food supplement for preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eun-Ji Kim, Young Rok Ham, Jin Ah Shin, Jin Young Jeong, Ki Ryang Na, Kang Wook Lee, Jwa-Jin Kim, Dae Eun Choi
Summary: This study investigated brain damage caused by uremic toxicity and the protective effects of omega-3 PUFA against uremic toxin. The results showed that omega-3 PUFA plays an important role in neuroprotection through PI(3)K-Akt signaling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Carolina Tecuatl, Diek W. Wheeler, Nate Sutton, Giorgio A. Ascoli
Summary: A systematic pipeline is presented to estimate local connection parameters between different neuron types in the hippocampal formation, greatly increasing the available quantitative assessments. The study also provides approximate measurements of synaptic distances, filling substantial gaps in the knowledge and offering useful model specifications for neural network simulations.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Bocheng Yin, Laura R. Caggiano, Rung-Chi Li, Emily McGowan, Jeffrey W. Holmes, Sarah E. Ewald
Summary: The study developed a new method (AutoSTOMP) to investigate protein expression in tissues, by UV-biotinylating proteins in specific regions, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and label-free quantification to measure protein abundance in cell types or structures. This method has been successfully applied in studies of rat cardiac infarcts and human esophageal tissues.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ernesto Griego, Melissa Hernandez-Frausto, Luis A. Marquez, Leonardo Lara-Valderrabano, Carolina Lopez Rubalcava, Emilio J. Galvan
Summary: The study identifies electrophysiologic alterations in animals treated with MK-801, including up-regulation of ionic currents and reduced excitability, which may contribute to cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Additionally, the study demonstrates reduced cognitive performance in animals treated with MK-801.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jeffrey D. Kopsick, Carolina Tecuatl, Keivan Moradi, Sarojini M. Attili, Hirak J. Kashyap, Jinwei Xing, Kexin Chen, Jeffrey L. Krichmar, Giorgio A. Ascoli
Summary: The hippocampal area CA3 plays a critical role in pattern completion in episodic memory, but the network mechanisms underlying the resting-state firing patterns are poorly understood. In this study, a large-scale spiking neural network model of mouse CA3 was developed, which exhibited stable oscillations with biologically plausible firing frequencies. The firing patterns of individual neuron types were consistent with existing knowledge of cell type-specific activity. Importantly, altered network structures lacking neuron or connection specificity were neither stable nor robust. This research contributes to our understanding of the circuit mechanisms underlying the computational functions of CA3.
COGNITIVE COMPUTATION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Rocio Valle-Bautista, Berenice Marquez-Valadez, Gabriel Herrera-Lopez, Ernesto Griego, Emilio J. Galvan, Nestor-Fabian Diaz, Jose-Antonio Arias-Montano, Anayansi Molina-Hernandez
Summary: The transient histaminergic system, activated through H-1 receptor, plays a role in the differentiation of deep-layer cortical neurons. Blocking H-1 receptors with chlorpheniramine during neurogenesis leads to decreased levels of deep-layer cortical neurons and impairs learning, wakefulness, and nociception. This study evaluated the long-lasting effects of chlorpheniramine on the differentiation of deep-layer cortical neurons in neonates and 21-day-old pups. The results showed altered expression and distribution of cortical markers, as well as impaired dendritic arborization and lower excitability in response to histamine. These findings suggest the importance of H1 receptors in cortical neurogenesis and its impact on motor activity and cognition.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ernesto Griego, Emilio J. Galvan
Summary: This study reveals changes in neuronal activity and AMPA receptor subunit composition in the dentate gyrus of aged animals, suggesting a potential link between these changes and age-related memory impairment.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ernesto Griego, Guadalupe Santiago-Jimenez, Emilio J. Galvan
Summary: This study demonstrated that immune activation alters the ionic currents shaping the intrinsic excitability of prefrontal cortex neurons, predicting dysregulation of non-synaptic forms of neuronal plasticity modulated by intrinsic excitability.
Article
Immunology
Ernesto Griego, Deisy Segura-Villalobos, Monica Lamas, Emilio J. Galvan
Summary: The epidemiological association between bacterial or viral maternal infections during pregnancy and increased risk for developing psychiatric disorders in offspring has been well established. Studies on maternal immune activation (MIA) induced by viruses or bacteria in rodents and non-human primates have documented neurological alterations that may help understand the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. These alterations are now attributed to maternal proinflammatory cytokines rather than the infection itself.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Luisa Fernanda Salinas, Virgilio Eduardo Trujillo-Condes, Carolina Tecuatl, Rodolfo Delgado-Lezama, Carlos A. Cuellar
Summary: Type-2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. Obesity is a known risk factor for diabetes. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy, which can lead to foot ulceration and amputation, is a common complication. The study found that impaired RDD of the H-reflex could be used as a tool to diagnose and evaluate the progression of peripheral neuropathy in patients with type-2 diabetes.
Article
Neurosciences
Luis A. Marquez, Ernesto Griego, Carolina Lopez Rubalcava, Emilio J. Galvan
Summary: Blocking NMDARs with MK-801 during early postnatal development impairs NMDAR-dependent long-term plasticity in the hippocampus, mimicking behavioral and neurophysiological abnormalities of schizophrenia. This study demonstrates that transient hypofunction of NMDARs also affects other forms of hippocampal plasticity, such as AMPAR-mediated short- and long-term potentiation.
Article
Neurosciences
Marisol Soula, Alejandro Martin-Avila, Yiyao Zhang, Annika Dhingra, Noam Nitzan, Martin J. Sadowski, Wen-Biao Gan, Gyorgy Buzsaki
Summary: The authors find that 40-Hz flickering light does not suppress A beta, activate microglia or engage native gamma oscillations. Thus, visual flicker stimulation may not be a viable mechanism for altering AD pathology and modulating deep structures.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nadia Estefania Gutierrez-Castaneda, Jessica Gonzalez-Corona, Ernesto Griego, Emilio J. Galvan, Lenin David Ochoa-de la Paz
Summary: Neurogenesis, the formation of new neurons in the brain, is influenced by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its receptor GABA(A)R. Taurine, a non-essential amino acid in the central nervous system, can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPC) expressing GABA(A)R. Taurine also promotes the growth and morphology of NPC, as well as induces electrophysiological changes resembling functional neurons.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Jonathan G. Medernach, Rung-Chi Li, Xiao-Yu Zhao, Bocheng Yin, Emily A. Noonan, Elaine F. Etter, Shyam S. Raghavan, Larry C. Borish, Jeffrey M. Wilson, Barrett H. Barnes, Thomas A. E. Platts-Mills, Sarah E. Ewald, Bryan G. Sauer, Emily C. McGowan
Summary: Recent studies have shown deposition of IgG4 and food proteins in the esophageal mucosa of EoE patients. This study aimed to assess the co-localization of IgG4 and major cow's milk proteins (CMPs) in EoE patients and investigate the proteins enriched in proximity to IgG4 deposits. The findings suggest the formation of immune complexes of IgG4 and major cow's milk proteins, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of EoE.
Review
Cell Biology
Ernesto Griego, Emilio J. Galvan
Summary: Growing evidence supports the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and lactate in modulating mammalian brain function. In the hippocampus, BDNF acts through the TrkB receptor and lactate acts through monocarboxylate transporters or the HCAR1 receptor. Both systems play important roles in the modulation of neuronal responses and may have implications for brain disorders.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Luis A. Marquez, Alfredo Meneses, Emilio J. Galvan
Summary: This study investigates the role of 5-HT6 receptors in modulating GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Pharmacological manipulation of 5-HT6 receptors regulates the inhibitory postsynaptic potentials and population spike in the dorsal hippocampus, as well as the magnitude of paired-pulse inhibition. The study also demonstrates that the anti-amnesic effect induced by 5-HT6 receptor blockade requires modulation of GABAergic transmission.