Article
Energy & Fuels
Kenji Koido, Takayuki Hoshi, Michio Sato
Summary: This study investigated the fuel characteristics of fruit-tree branches and proposed a reaction model for the CO2 gasification process. The results showed that the porous structure of the branches affected the gasification process, and the eMRPM model accurately described the peak gasification rate at the end of gasification. These findings have important implications for energy production using fruit-tree branches.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hongli Fan, Fenghai Li, Meiling Xu, Mingxi Guo, Qianqian Guo, Guopeng Han
Summary: The combined study of ash fusion temperature adjustment and gasification reactivity change provides valuable reference for biomass utilization. Jincheng coal fine char (JF) was found to effectively increase the ash fusion temperatures of peanut hull and cotton stalk through conversion of K-containing minerals. However, JF exerted adverse effects on the gasification reactivity of both biomass, with stronger effects at high JF ratios and low temperatures. The influence of JF on gasification reactivity was lower for cotton stalk due to its higher ash yield and K2O content.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yaxin Ge, Saiman Ding, Xiangrui Kong, Efthymios Kantarelis, Klas Engvall, Jan B. C. Pettersson
Summary: This study characterizes the alkali release during CO2 gasification of biochar using a surface ionization method combined with thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that alkali release rate from wood char decreases as char conversion proceeds, but increases significantly when conversion approaches completion. On the other hand, alkali release from straw char is much higher and decreases continuously during gasification. High temperature and high CO2 concentration enhance alkali release and char reactivity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bo Wang, Fanfan Xu, Xin Wang, Jun Li, Yongyi Song, Yingyun Qiao, Yuanyu Tian
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive comparative investigation on feedstock pyrolysis and char gasification performance of typical forestry biomass from Northeast Asia. The results showed that different forestry biomass has close thermal decomposition characteristics, and Salicaceae char has better gasification performance than Pinaceae char due to its high AAEMs content.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bo Wang, Fanfan Xu, Xin Wang, Jun Li, Yongyi Song, Yingyun Qiao, Yuanyu Tian
Summary: The present study provides a comprehensive comparative investigation on the feedstock pyrolysis and char gasification performance of typical forestry biomass from Northeast Asia. The results show that different forestry biomass has similar thermal decomposition characteristics, and the performance of Salicaceae is better than that of Pinaceae in terms of pyrolysis and char gasification.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiazhuang Tian, Qiuyun Mao, Zihan You, Qifan Zhong
Summary: The removal of environmentally harmful sulfur and nitrogen is crucial for using high-sulfur petroleum coke (petcoke) as fuel. Simulating petcoke gasification with a mixture of two effective gasifiers (CO2 and H2O) revealed the synergistic effect of the mixed agents on gas production. Increasing the content of H2O can boost gas yield and accelerate desulfurization. The gas productivity reached 65.6% when the CO2/H2O ratio was 3:7. Detailed sulfur and nitrogen conversion paths and reaction mechanisms can be captured by simulating the gasification process on a molecular level.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Saiman Ding, Yaxin Ge, Efthymios Kantarelis, Xiangrui Kong, Jan B. C. Pettersson, Klas Engvall
Summary: This study investigates time-resolved char conversion and alkali release under steam gasification conditions using a fixed bed reactor. The study finds that woody chars exhibit increased gasification reactivity and notable alkali release as gasification approaches completion, while straw chars show decreased conversion rate and alkali release throughout the gasification process.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Lin Li, Shuai Tong, Lunbo Duan, Changsui Zhao, Zhipeng Shi
Summary: By comparing chars produced under different atmospheres, it was found that the pore structure and specific surface area of chars are significantly affected by the gasification environment, while the presence of chemical groups has a minor impact on the chars. The best gasification reactivities were obtained on the chars produced under 50%CO2/50%N2 and 50%H2O/50%N2 atmospheres, largely influenced by the porosity of the chars.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wenguang Li, Yanfeng Shen, Jiang Guo, Jiao Kong, Meijun Wang, Liping Chang
Summary: Long flame coal has a directional regulation effect on sulfur transformation, while the addition of GL reduces the CRI of coke and affects coke reactivity.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Neelam Kumari, Sudipta Datta, Gajanan Sahu, Pinaki Sarkar, Sujan Saha, Prakash D. Chavan, Vishal Chauhan, Pavan Kumar Gupta
Summary: This study aimed to compare the gasification reactivity of different char samples in CO2. The results showed that the gasification reactivity of coal and rice husk chars increased with increasing BET surface area, while sawdust char exhibited the opposite trend. The specific micro pore surface area of both biomass chars increased with the char preparation temperature, but the unusual behavior of CO2 reactivity in sawdust char was not explained.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Christoph Schneider, Stella Walker, Aekjuthon Phounglamcheik, Kentaro Umeki, Thomas Kolb
Summary: This study investigates the thermal deactivation of beech wood chars during secondary pyrolysis, showing that the initial conversion rate Ro decreases linearly from 1000 degrees C to 1400 degrees C, but increases significantly at 1600 degrees C. Graphitization of the carbon matrix and CaO dispersion were also analyzed, indicating the formation of thin CaO layers at 1600 degrees C, which greatly affect the char reactivity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zixin Jiao, Li Liu, Yan Zhao, Xiye Chen, Penghua Qiu
Summary: The study evaluated the cogasification reactivity of Shenmu bituminous coal (SM) char and corn straw (CS) char in CO2 and found that increasing the blend ratio of CS and gasification temperature can weaken inhibition and enhance synergy. The addition of CS volatiles, especially potassium (K), can promote the cogasification reaction, with the promotion effect increasing with temperature. The comparison between CS-SM blend char and CS char volatiles-SM char showed different effects on gasification reactivity depending on the presence of alkali and alkaline earth metals.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Meng Ma, Jiaofei Wang, Yonghui Bai, Peng Lv, Xudong Song, Weiguang Su, Lu Ding, Juntao Wei, Guangsuo Yu
Summary: Volatile-char interactions affect the chemical structure and reactivity of coal char, with O-containing functional groups playing an important role in char reactivity. The decrease in gasification reactivity due to volatile-char interactions is attributed to the decrease in aromatic C-O and C=O, and the increase in graphite carbon structures.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Shiyu Zhang, Shijie Yu, Qinghai Li, Badr A. Mohamed, Yanguo Zhang, Hui Zhou
Summary: This study compared the char structure of biomass components and revealed its quantitative relationship with the CO2 gasification reaction rate.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuna Ma, Zefeng Ge, Fangzhou Li, Zhenting Zha, Mingxun Zeng, Huiyan Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the morphological evolution of biomass particles during pyrolysis and char gasification using a high-temperature stage microscope (HTSM) and weight loss properties. By comparing the shrinkage and weight loss curves of different biomass samples, differences in particle shrinkage and gasification activity were observed. The results can guide the construction of biomass shrinkage mechanism models and also reveal the influence of physicochemical properties of char on gasification activity.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Polina Sinitsyna, Oskar Karlstrom, Leena Hupa
Summary: The size of bioactive glass microspheres has a significant impact on their dissolution characteristics, with smaller microspheres being more inert and larger microspheres developing typical silica-rich and calcium phosphate layers on their surfaces after static and dynamic dissolution.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Daniel Schmid, Oskar Karlstrom, Virva Kuvaja, Ilari Vuorinen, Mikko Paavola, Mikko Hupa
Summary: The role of sulfite oxidation in NO2 absorption at neutral pH was investigated, and it was found that sulfite concentration significantly influenced NO2 absorption rate, while oxidation rate increased with increasing sulfite concentration. Maintaining neutral pH can reduce the need for sulfite feeding in industrial NO2 absorption.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Anubhuti Bhatnagar, Abhishek Singhal, Henrik Tolvanen, Kati Valtonen, Tero Joronen, Jukka Konttinen
Summary: This study investigated biomass blending and water washing as methods to improve the product quality of two-step pyrolysis of rice straw. The results showed that blending rice straw with groundnut shells/wheat straw increased the bio-oil yields, while washing rice straw reduced the ash content and increased the levoglucosan yield.
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Minna Siekkinen, Oskar Karlstrom, Leena Hupa
Summary: This study investigates the dissolution behavior of Bioglass 45S5 in different environments and reveals that the gradients of local ion concentrations play a crucial role in the dissolution process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED GLASS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Pauli Losoi, Jukka Konttinen, Ville Santala
Summary: This study theoretically derived the optimal placement of feed points and evaluated the utility of multiple feed points in large-scale bioreactors. The results showed that optimal multipoint feeds can improve mixing, reduce gradients of pH, substrate, and oxygen, and restore the performance of the bioreactors to ideal conditions. This approach also mitigates the heterogeneity of the biomass population.
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Thermodynamics
Avishek Goel, Elyas M. Moghaddam, Wen Liu, Chao He, Jukka Konttinen
Summary: Biomass chemical looping gasification (BCLG) offers significant advantages in terms of gasification efficiency, CO2 capture, and reduced emissions, but further experimental and modeling studies are needed to advance its industrial applications.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Anubhuti Bhatnagar, Poonam Khatri, Malgorzata Krzywonos, Henrik Tolvanen, Jukka Konttinen
Summary: The current study evaluates the economic and environmental performance of a decentralized biorefinery that converts rice and wheat straw into bio-oil and biochar using two-step pyrolysis. The study found that pyrolysis of unwashed rice straw and wheat straw with biochar as a carbon sink can reduce global warming potential. However, pyrolysis of washed straw contributes to global warming potential. Treating biomass locally is environmentally beneficial compared to centralized processing. The study also calculated the minimum selling price for biochar, which falls within the range of commercial prices.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Polina Sinitsyna, Oskar Karlstrom, Christoffer Sevonius, Leena Hupa
Summary: Microspheres based on bioactive glass S53P4 were successfully produced through flame-spraying. Compared to conventional irregular-shaped particles, bioactive glass microspheres (BGMs) have advantages. The experimental characterization and dissolution test results suggest that BGMs have good bioactivity and thermal properties, and have great potential for future clinical applications.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Abhishek Singhal, Avishek Goel, Anubhuti Bhatnagar, Christian Roslander, Ola Wallberg, Jukka Konttinen, Tero Joronen
Summary: The study evaluates the effect of water and acetic acid washing on the chemical composition of spruce bark, and finds that acetic acid washing has better results. By studying the leaching behavior and ash transformation of troubling elements, practical recommendations are provided for industrial applications.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Daniel Schmid, Wubin Weng, Shen Li, Oskar Karlstrom, Mikko Hupa, Zhongshan Li, Peter Glarborg, Paul Marshall, Marcus Alden
Summary: The post-flame sulfation of gaseous sodium hydroxide and sodium chloride was investigated through optical in situ measurements. The results showed that NaOH was more susceptible to sulfation compared to NaCl at high temperatures. Chemical equilibrium calculations and kinetic modeling supported the occurrence of the sulfation reactions through homogeneous reactions in the gas phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
O. Karlstroem, E. Vainio, M. Engblom, A. Brink, M. Hupa
Summary: This study investigates the effect of air staging on NOx reduction in an industrial bubbling fluidized bed and finds that air staging can significantly reduce NOx emissions in biomass combustion systems.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Daniel Schmid, Mikko Hupa, Mikko Paavola, Ilari Vuorinen, Arja Lehikoinen, Oskar Karlstroem
Summary: The study investigated the chemistry and consumption of thiosulfate in wet scrubbing of NO2 with buffered solutions at neutral pH. Results showed that using thiosulfate and sulfite in the scrubber solution can maintain high removal efficiencies over extended periods of time.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Emil O. Lidman Olsson, Daniel Schmid, Oskar Karlstrom, Kasper Enemark-Rasmussen, Henrik Leion, Songgeng Li, Peter Glarborg, Kim Dam-Johansen, Hao Wu
Summary: Biomass can be converted into heat, power, and biofuels through thermal conversion processes, but the presence of phosphorus in certain types of biomass can lead to operational or environmental issues when released. The mechanisms behind phosphorus release and high-temperature phosphorus chemistry need to be understood in order to efficiently recover phosphorus from biomass residues. This study investigated the release of phosphorus from wheat bran char and sunflower seed char under various gas environments and temperatures.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fahim Fayaz, Chao He, Avishek Goel, Jukka Rintala, Jukka Konttinen
Summary: Oxidative ethanol dry reforming using 10%Co/Al2O3 catalyst is a promising method to produce high-quality syngas, which can be upgraded to liquid biofuels and chemicals. Increasing the reaction temperature improves the conversion of ethanol and CO2, and yields higher amounts of H2 and CO.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Georgios Kanellis, Myrto Zeneli, Nikolaos Nikolopoulos, Carina Hofmann, Jochen Stroehle, Sotirios Karellas, Jukka Konttinen
Summary: This study focuses on the transient three-dimensional CFD simulation of the novel bubbling-bed calciner for calcium looping pilot plant. The study accurately models the granular flow using the state-of-the-art Eulerian-Eulerian approach and considers the drag coefficient and calcination kinetics. The study also takes into account the heat transfer mechanisms from the heat pipes to the bubbling bed, verifying the simulation results against experimental data. The study provides insights into the effect of hydrodynamics on heat transfer and indicates that fluidization velocity has a mild impact on the total heat flux.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.