Article
Thermodynamics
M. B. Raida, G. J. Hoetmer, A. . A. . Konnov, J. A. van Oijen, L. P. H. de Goey
Summary: A new setup for burning velocity measurements using the Heat Flux method has been constructed, with improved burner design. The experimental results have high accuracy and good agreement with literature data.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jundie Chen, Marco Lubrano Lavadera, Alexander A. Konnov
Summary: In this study, new measurements of the laminar burning velocity of ammonia + oxygen + argon mixtures were performed and validated against nine kinetic models. It was found that the models by Han et al., Shrestha et al., and Okafor et al. provided the best predictions. The model of Han et al. was modified to better reproduce the experimental data.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qianjin Lin, Xianzhong Hu, Jundie Chen, Alexander A. Konnov
Summary: In this study, laminar burning velocities of MIPK + air flames were measured, and it was found that existing kinetic models for MIPK combustion deviate from the measured data. The MIPK model was updated and a new di-methyl ketene sub-model was integrated, improving predictions of burning velocities and ignition delay times. Underestimation of the rate constants of the MIPK decomposition reaction in the previous model was identified, leading to underestimation of the measured burning velocities and significant overprediction of the ignition delay times.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Runfan Zhu, Xinlu Han, Ziyue Zhang, Yong He, Zhihua Wang
Summary: This study investigates the laminar burning velocities of NH3/CH4/H2S/air flames and explores the effect of H2S addition on flame propagation. The experimental results show that H2S addition decreases the flame speed, and the kinetic analysis reveals that the elevated H2S content significantly impacts the radicals pool in the flame. Reactions involving S-containing species become important for flame speed determination under high H2S content.
Article
Thermodynamics
Marco Lubrano Lavadera, Jundie Chen, Alexander A. Konnov
Summary: This study experimentally determined the adiabatic laminar burning velocities for pyrrole/air flames and conducted a comparison between experimental and computational results. The model performance was improved by modifying a reaction rate constant, and the discrepancies among different models were observed.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Marco Lubrano Lavadera, Matteo Pelucchi, Alexander A. Konnov
Summary: Blending ammonia with methylcyclohexane and toluene results in a non-proportional decrease in laminar burning velocity, with a slightly larger impact on toluene. A detailed kinetic model accurately predicts the experimental measurements after minor modifications to the chemistry and shows good agreement with the effect of equivalence ratio and ammonia fraction ranges investigated.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marco Lubrano Lavadera, Christian Brackmann, Gianluca Capriolo, Torsten Methling, Alexander A. Konnov
Summary: Experimental results on the adiabatic laminar burning velocities and post-flame NO mole fractions of neat and blended ethanol and n-heptane premixed flames demonstrate that the addition of ethanol increases the burning velocity and reduces NO formation. These findings are crucial for the development and optimization of chemical kinetic models.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinlu Han, Zhihua Wang, Yong He, Yanqun Zhu, Alexander A. Konnov
Summary: This study investigated the laminar burning velocities of CH4 + H2S + air flames and highlighted the importance of interactions between C and S-containing species, proposing solutions for handling hydrogen sulfide.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chenlin Chen, Zhihua Wang, Zuochao Yu, Xinlu Han, Yong He, Yanqun Zhu, Alexander A. Konnov
Summary: This study investigates the potential flame enhancement method in plasma-assisted combustion using ozone as an additive. The results show that ozone addition significantly affects the burning velocity of premixed ammonia gases, especially under fuel-rich conditions. The effects of ozone addition on the laminar burning velocity were experimentally and numerically investigated under various equivalence ratios.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sven Eckart, Liming Cai, Chris Fritsche, Florian vom Lehn, Heinz Pitsch, Hartmut Krause
Summary: Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OMEn) are a promising synthetic e-fuel class that can improve the emission characteristics of internal combustion engines. This study measured the laminar burning velocities of OME1 and OME2 using a heat flux burner and compared the results with computed data, showing good agreement. The impact of chain length of (OMEn) on their burning velocities was found to be minor.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sven Eckart, Chris Fritsche, Cornelius Krasselt, Hartmut Krause
Summary: Premixed flames are important in combustion systems such as aircraft combustors, gas turbines, and internal combustion engines. Oxygenated fuels like C-1-oxygenate dimethoxymethane have advantages in reducing soot particles in diesel combustion processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Parham Dehghani, James G. Quintiere
Summary: The study analyzed 29 steady burning flames to understand the effects of different factors on flame characteristics during combustion, with good agreement between experiment and predicted results. It was found that ambient pressure and oxygen content have an impact on flame stability and heats of gasification.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Parham Dehghani, Peter B. Sunderland, James G. Quintiere, John L. DeRis
Summary: Analysis of burning experiments using a gas burner to simulate steady burning of flat surface materials reveals that over half of the tests resulted in long burns. Ethylene and nitrogen mixtures have high heats of combustion. The results can be used to understand the combustion characteristics of solid materials in microgravity.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Marco Lubrano Lavadera, Christian Brackmann, Alexander A. Konnov
Summary: Experimental data on adiabatic laminar burning velocities and post-flame NO concentrations for C2H4/air flames were obtained and compared with literature data. The results are crucial for the development and optimization of kinetic models for fuels.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Elna J. K. Nilsson, Tomas Hurtig, Andreas Ehn, Christer Fureby
Summary: Experimental results show that the laminar burning velocity of lean methane/air flames exposed to pulsed microwave irradiation can be significantly enhanced, with the magnitude of the enhancement depending on the pulse sequence and electric field strength. Among the investigated pulse sequences, the longest pulse had the largest effect on the flame in terms of increasing burning velocity.
Article
Thermodynamics
Wubin Weng, Marcus Alden, Zhongshan Li
Summary: In this study, a species-specified quantitative measurement of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in combustion environments was conducted using laser-induced photofragmentation fluorescence (LIPF) technique. The most proper light source, the fourth-harmonic of Nd:YAG laser at 266 nm, was found after direct comparison. The detection limit of the LIPF planar imaging system was determined to be about 3 ppm, and the technique was applied to quantitatively measure KOH concentration in hot flue gases and visualize the distribution of KOH vapor.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wubin Weng, Christian Brackmann, Marcus Alden, Zhongshan Li
Summary: Ammonia is considered a potential carbon-free alternative fuel, and the development of feasible techniques for its detection in combustion environments is crucial for understanding its combustion characteristics. The planar laser-induced photofragmentation fluorescence (LIPF) technique was developed for quantitative measurements of ammonia in hot gas flows, with single-shot detection limits estimated under different temperature conditions.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Wubin Weng, Jim Larsson, Joakim Bood, Marcus Alden, Zhongshan Li
Summary: Monitoring hydrogen chloride (HCl) during combustion or gasification of biomass fuels and waste is crucial, and infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (IR-TDLAS) is a feasible method. However, accurate measurement is challenged by spectral interference from water vapor, which was addressed in this study through obtaining temperature-dependent water spectra. This allowed for precise HCl measurements and temperature derivation in a high-temperature environment.
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Per Samuelsson, Martin H. Magnusson, Knut Deppert, Marcus Alden, Zhongshan Li
Summary: In this study, an optical investigation was conducted on the pyrolysis and photolysis of trimethylindium (TMIn), providing insights into the governing chemistry and optimization of nanowire growth processes. High-resolution laser absorption and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy were used to quantitatively measure the indium atom concentration. The photolytic dissociation of TMIn vapor using a ultraviolet laser was found to generate substantial chemical effects, including the formation of visible clouds of indium particles and high concentrations of indium atoms.
MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qingshuang Fan, Xin Liu, Leilei Xu, Arman Ahamed Subash, Christian Brackmann, Marcus Alden, Xue-Song Bai, Zhongshan Li
Summary: This paper presents experimental studies on the structures and burning velocities of premixed ammonia/air jet flames at high Karlovitz number conditions. NH and OH radicals were measured using PLIF imaging and LDA measurements. The results show that the NH layer remains thin and continuous, the NH and OH layers overlap in a thin region, and the turbulent burning velocity is linearly related to the turbulent intensity.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Chengdong Kong, Jinlong Gao, Andreas Ehn, Marcus Alden, Zhongshan Li
Summary: This study investigates the effects of gas compositions and pressures on the characteristics of non-equilibrium alternating current gliding arc discharge (GAD) using electrical and optical methods. The research findings reveal that the discharge mode and plasma characteristics are influenced by the gas compositions and pressures. This study provides important insights for understanding and controlling the discharge processes.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Lei Han, Qiang Gao, Bo Li, Zhongshan Li
Summary: This study utilized methyl radicals (CH3) as a substitution for CH in methane flames, enabling the visualization of the reaction zone in lean fuel conditions using a pump-probe method. Compared to traditional CH markers, this method offers superior signal-to-noise ratio.
Article
Thermodynamics
Qingshuang Fan, Xin Liu, Xiao Cai, Christian Brackmann, Marcus Alden, Xue-Song Bai, Zhongshan Li
Summary: The instantaneous structures of turbulent premixed ammonia/air flames on a piloted jet burner were investigated using simultaneous planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and Rayleigh thermometry measurements. The study revealed that the fuel consumption layer of the reaction zones becomes progressively thickened and distorted by turbulence with increasing turbulent intensity and axial distance. NO formation mainly occurs in the reaction zone but is transported to the preheat zone and postflame zone due to turbulence and convection. Temperature measurements showed that the preheat zone is broadened in all flames.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shen Li, Jianqing Huang, Wubin Weng, Yong Qian, Xingcai Lu, Marcus Alden, Zhongshan Li
Summary: This study investigated the ignition and combustion process of single micron-sized iron particles in a hot gas flow. The results showed that the temperature of the burning particles rose rapidly and was much higher than the ambient temperature. The iron particles went through stages of heating, melting, rapid combustion, and cooling. Combustion parameters such as ignition delay time, accelerated burning time, total burning time, and second stage of combustion time increased linearly with the increase of particle size under the same oxygen concentration. Some of the iron particles became bright again after cooling.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiao Cai, Qingshuang Fan, Xue-Song Bai, Jinhua Wang, Meng Zhang, Zuohua Huang, Marcus Alden, Zhongshan Li
Summary: The role of differential diffusion in highly turbulent premixed flames was investigated using NH-PLIF diagnostics. The study found that subunity Lewis number flames have a higher global consumption speed than super-unity Lewis number flames at high Karlovitz number, indicating the significant role of differential diffusion in highly turbulent flames. Although the flame surface density and area ratio are similar for flames with different Lewis numbers, the stretch factor of sub-unity Lewis number flames is significantly larger than that of super-unity cases. The enhanced global consumption speed of sub-unity Lewis number flames is suggested to be attributed to the promotion of local burning rates by the combined effect of differential diffusion and turbulent flame stretch.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Leilei Xu, Qingshuang Fan, Xin Liu, Xiao Cai, Arman Ahamed Subash, Christian Brackmann, Zhongshan Li, Marcus Alden, Xue-Song Bai
Summary: The study found that the reaction zone width of premixed ammonia/air jet flames differs significantly on burners of different sizes, which is influenced by the intensity of turbulence. It was also observed that the broadening of reaction zones in flames of different burner sizes is a spatially evolving process, depending not only on local eddy/flame interaction, but also on upstream history. Flames on larger burners have turbulence eddies with larger integral length scales that cannot directly enter the reaction zones and contribute to their broadening.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wubin Weng, Marcus Alden, Zhongshan Li
Summary: We conducted a spectroscopic study on the chemiluminescence emission of flames containing premixed ammonia-air-oxygen. The emission was found to be caused by excited NH2* radicals in the reaction zone and dominated by NO2* chemiluminescence in fuel-lean flames and NH2* chemiluminescence in fuel-rich flames in the post-flame zone. High-resolution spectra of both types of chemiluminescence in the visible region were recorded. The spectra showed different characteristics, with the NO2* spectrum being continuous and unstructured while the NH2* spectrum consisting of distinct emission lines. Equivalence ratio was determined using integrated chemiluminescence intensities in specific wavelength ranges.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wubin Weng, Marcus Alden, Zhongshan Li
Summary: Two-dimensional laser-induced photofragmentation fluorescence (LIPF) was used to visualize the vapor of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and potassium chloride (KCl) in the plume above burning wood and straw pellets. Different techniques were employed to measure the potassium concentration, elemental potassium concentration, and surface temperature during combustion. The results showed that the release of potassium species depended on the combustion stage and the composition of the fuel. Evaluating the importance and relevance of identifying the release behavior of potassium during biomass combustion is critical for understanding the formation of alkali-related problems and optimizing combustion processes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Optics
Zhifeng Zhu, Qiang Gao, Bo Li, Zhanyu Feng, Ercong Gao, Ming Li, Zhongshan Li
Summary: In this paper, a new method called femtosecond laser filament-triggered discharge plasma spectroscopy is proposed for one-dimensional equivalence ratio measurements. The experimental results demonstrate the capability of this method to accurately measure the equivalence ratio in combustion flow fields, with some dependence on the temperature of the methane-air mixture.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.