Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Isabelle Piec, Emma English, Mary Annette Thomas, Samir Dervisevic, William D. Fraser, William Garry John
Summary: In the study, various serology testing methods for SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated for their performance, revealing differences in sensitivity, specificity, and concordance among the different assays, with the Healgen rapid test showing excellent performance for antibody detection.
Article
Infectious Diseases
C. Serre-Miranda, C. Nobrega, S. Roque, J. Canto-Gomes, C. S. Silva, N. Vieira, P. Barreira-Silva, P. Alves-Peixoto, J. Cotter, A. Reis, M. Formigo, H. Sarmento, O. Pires, A. Carvalho, D. Y. Petrovykh, L. Dieguez, J. C. Sousa, N. Sousa, C. Capela, J. A. Palha, P. G. Cunha, M. Correia-Neves
Summary: The study found the specificity and sensitivity of serological tests for SARS-CoV-2, providing important insights for epidemic monitoring and diagnosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Anniken Jerre, Anne Bang Nordstoga, Katharine Rose Dean, Ingrid Hunter Holmoy
Summary: Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for successful surveillance and control of MVV. Genetic analysis showed the persistence of the virus in the sheep population in Norway since 2005. This study evaluated the performance of three commercial ELISA tests for MVV antibodies and found that ID Screen and Elitest had higher sensitivity estimates than IDEXXp28, while IDEXXp28 and ID Screen had higher specificity estimates than Elitest. The study supports the use of ID Screen for screening and suggests further verification using serial interpretation with Elitest.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Laxmi Narayan Sarangi, Kota Sri Naga Leela Surendra, Samir Kumar Rana, Thodangala Naveena, Amitesh Prasad, Nadikerianda Muthappa Ponnanna, Girish Kumar Sharma
Summary: This study evaluated the fitness of purpose of seven ELISA kits in diagnosing brucellosis among cattle and buffaloes in India. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the kits were determined using different approaches, and their suitability for diagnostic application in various epidemiological situations was discussed.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Linbo Tian, Jiachen Sun, Sasa Zhang, Alexandre A. Kolomenskii, Hans A. Schuessler, Zhao Wang, Jinbao Xia, Jun Chang, Zhaojun Liu
Summary: A novel methane sensor based on neural network filter (NNF) assisted direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) technique is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The NNF shows the best performance compared to other filtering algorithms, improving the accuracy and stability of methane detection. The use of simulated absorption spectra overcomes the scarce data problem. The sensor achieves better performance in real-time measurements with a significantly improved minimum detection limit.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Christian Irsara, Alexander E. Egger, Wolfgang Prokop, Manfred Nairz, Lorin Loacker, Sabina Sahanic, Alex Pizzini, Thomas Sonnweber, Wolfgang Mayer, Harald Schennach, Judith Loeffler-Ragg, Rosa Bellmann-Weiler, Ivan Tancevski, Guenter Weiss, Markus Anliker, Andrea Griesmacher, Gregor Hoermann
Summary: This study evaluated the performance characteristics of four automated antibody assays for SARS-CoV-2, all of which showed very high diagnostic specificity. However, the sensitivities of some tests were slightly lower than manufacturer claims in samples collected at least 14 days after disease onset. The Siemens COV2G assay had distinctly lower sensitivity, necessitating a switch to the company's newly filed SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay for follow-up studies. Combination of multiple tests could be considered in clinical practice.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Weihao Huang, Guozhu Meng, Chaoyang Lin, Qiucun Yan, Kai Chen, Zhuo Ma
Summary: Clone detection is crucial in various fields, but obfuscation by cyber criminals can hinder detection. Most previous studies only focused on the comparison between original code and its obfuscated version, ignoring the detection of obfuscated code from cloned code. This research evaluates the performance of deep learning-based and traditional clone detectors against obfuscated code, using a benchmark of 524,148 code pairs generated from different strategies of obfuscation. The findings shed light on the impact of obfuscation on clone detection and the differences between different clone detection methods.
Article
Optics
Hyunjoon Sung, Yunkyung Kim
Summary: This paper presents a near-infrared (NIR) sensing technology using a stacked CMOS image sensor, which is widely employed in various applications. By adding a bottom photodiode as the NIR absorption layer in the stacked CMOS image sensor, the sensitivity of the sensor is improved without increasing the thickness of the conventional photodiode, overcoming the issues of decreased optical performance and processing difficulties.
CURRENT OPTICS AND PHOTONICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Patricia T. Boyd, Emily L. Wilson, Alan P. Smale, Peter Supsinskas, Timothy A. Livengood, Tilak Hewagama, Geronimo L. Villanueva, Alexander Marshak, Nickolay A. Krotkov, Petr Pokorny, Jay Bixler, Jonathan D. Noland, Guru Ramu, Paul Cleveland, John Ganino, Murzy D. Jhabvala, Elisa Quintana, Emily Gilbert, Knicole D. Colon, Giada N. Arney, Shawn D. Domagal-Goldman, Avi M. Mandell, Tom Barclay, Marc J. Kuchner, Lesley Ott
Summary: NASA's return to the Moon comes at a time of rapid growth in exoplanet discovery, with EarthShine presenting a technically mature instrument suite to observe the Earth from the Moon as a proxy for habitable exoplanets. This project will validate and improve critical models for mission design, imaging, and characterizing exoplanets, informing strategies for flagship missions to directly image exoplanets.
JOURNAL OF ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES INSTRUMENTS AND SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Yan Hai, Shuangfei Shi, Gengsheng Qin, Alzheimers Dis Neuroimaging
Summary: This study proposes new influence function-based empirical likelihood and Bayesian empirical likelihood methods to construct confidence/credible intervals for the sensitivity of a test to patients in the early diseased stage given a specificity and a sensitivity of the test to patients in the fully diseased stage. Numerical studies show that the proposed methods outperform existing methods in terms of coverage probability. A real dataset from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ANDI) is used to illustrate the proposed methods.
BIOMETRICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Guillaume Druart, Pierre-Yves Foucher, Stephanie Doz, Xavier Watremez, Sophie Jourdan, Emmanuel Vanneau, Hadrien Pinot
Summary: This article introduces a new technology of designing multispectral cameras using cryogenic detectors for gas leak detection. By testing on different platforms, the application of this technology in crisis management, safety monitoring, and environmental monitoring is demonstrated.
ALGORITHMS, TECHNOLOGIES, AND APPLICATIONS FOR MULTISPECTRAL AND HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING XXVII
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Lei Li, Liping Tang, Fengtao Han, Shenghui Wang, Yang Gao, Yingying Qiao, Chongxin Shan
Summary: This paper investigates and demonstrates a CO sensor based on photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) with empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm. The experimental results show that the sensor achieves a significant gain factor on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and has an excellent linear response to the gas concentration. The minimum detection level (MDL) for CO detection can be reduced to 1.14 ppm at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with a 300 ms integrated time.
IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Michal Ryms, Grzegorz J. Kwiatkowski, Witold s. M. Lewandowski
Summary: Based on theoretical considerations of convective-radiative heat transfer, a relationship is developed to calculate the total convective and radiative heat flux emitted from any object at tw and its surroundings at t infinity. This relationship is then used to enhance the measurement capabilities of thermal imaging cameras, allowing them to measure temperature, heat losses, and other thermal properties of objects. Experimental validation confirms the accuracy and practicality of the proposed relationship.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. G. Zheltoukhov, A. M. Tatarnikov
Summary: This article considers the main factors influencing the success of observations in the infrared range on a multipurpose optical telescope. The study estimates the sky background brightness and instrumental background, and shows that the observation of faint objects is limited by the thermal background. The article also provides estimates of the limiting magnitudes of objects available for observations in the 3.75 and 4.8 μm ranges under different observational conditions.
MOSCOW UNIVERSITY PHYSICS BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zuzana Dankova, Elena Novakova, Maria Skerenova, Veronika Holubekova, Vincent Lucansky, Dana Dvorska, Dusan Brany, Zuzana Kolkova, Jan Strnadel, Sandra Mersakova, Katarina Janikova, Marek Samec, Michal Pokusa, Martin Petras, Miroslava Sarlinova, Ivana Kasubova, Dusan Loderer, Vladimira Sadlonova, Jana Kompanikova, Nina Kotlebova, Adriana Kompanikova, Martina Hrnciarova, Andrea Stanclova, Martina Antosova, Anton Dzian, Vladimir Nosal, Ivan Kocan, Dalibor Murgas, Dusan Krkoska, Andrea Calkovska, Erika Halasova
Summary: The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy and healthcare is profound, with varying test results between different kits highlighting the advantages of antigen testing in detecting individuals with higher viral loads.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shuting Yang, Sara Hastings-Simon, Arvind P. Ravikumar
Summary: The shift from coal to natural gas has led to reductions in carbon emissions, but long-term LNG expansion may not be compatible with the Paris climate targets. However, in a 3 degrees C scenario, LNG can be an attractive option to reduce emissions. Low methane leakage and high coal-to-gas substitution are critical for realizing near-term climate benefits.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Energy & Fuels
Arvind P. Ravikumar, Morgan Bazilian, Michael E. Webber
Summary: The EU plans to phase out Russian natural gas imports by 2027 by increasing near-term imports of US liquefied natural gas, which will require a coordinated policy response.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shanru Tian, Stuart N. Riddick, Younki Cho, Clay S. Bell, Daniel J. Zimmerle, Kathleen M. Smits
Summary: This study aims to investigate the detection probability (DP) of leaks in pipelines, taking into consideration leak rates, survey distance and speed, and atmospheric conditions. The results show that DP is highly influenced by survey speed, atmospheric stability, and wind speed. Walking survey is applicable to a wider range of weather conditions, while driving survey needs specific wind conditions to achieve an equivalent DP to a walking survey.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shuting Yang, Sara Hastings-Simon, Arvind P. Ravikumar
Summary: The global coal-to-gas transition in the power sector is limited by pipeline availability constraints, with only a small percentage of coal capacity located within 14 km of a nearby pipeline. While coal-to-gas conversion has the potential for emissions reductions, most countries' coal fleets lack access to low-cost natural gas resources, making a global transition unlikely.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiayang Lyra Wang, William S. Daniels, Dorit M. Hammerling, Matthew Harrison, Kaylyn Burmaster, Fiji C. George, Arvind P. Ravikumar
Summary: Mitigation of methane emissions from the oil and gas sector is an important global climate action opportunity. This study demonstrates a framework combining snapshot measurements and continuous emissions monitoring systems to accurately quantify methane emissions and account for intermittent emission events. The findings highlight the need for high-frequency sampling technologies and a mechanistic understanding of facility-level events for accurate accounting of short-duration, episodic, and high-volume emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sarah M. Jordaan, Andrew W. Ruttinger, Kavita Surana, Destenie Nock, Scot M. Miller, Arvind P. Ravikumar
Summary: Natural gas is considered a crucial transitional fuel towards a zero-carbon energy system, but its role in delaying the transition is still disputed. Mitigation options can reduce emissions from gas-fired power by 71%, with carbon capture and storage, methane abatement, and efficiency upgrades contributing 43%, 12%, and 5% respectively. Different countries have different responsibilities in mitigation.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
A. P. Ravikumar, E. Baker, A. Bates, D. Nock, D. Venkataraman, T. Johnson, M. Ash, S. Z. Attari, K. Bowie, S. Carley, S. Castellanos, M. Cha, D. L. Clark, D. Deane-Ryan, D. Djokic, J. C. Ford, A. Goldstein, E. Grubert, L. Hu, D. M. Kammen, U. Kosar, C. Miller, M. Pastor, M. Tuominen
Summary: Ensuring comprehensive and meaningful inclusion of marginalized communities in research institutions is crucial for achieving an equitable, technology-driven clean energy transition. We provide five key action items for government agencies and philanthropic institutions to implement their commitment to equity in energy transition.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Avpreet Othee, James Cale, Arthur Santos, Stephen Frank, Daniel Zimmerle, Omkar Ghatpande, Gerald Duggan, Daniel Gerber
Summary: Recently, there has been research interest in DC distribution systems for buildings. A modeling toolkit called BEEAM was developed to evaluate AC-only, DC-only, and hybrid AC/DC distribution systems in buildings. The toolkit includes harmonic power flow and nonlinear device descriptions. Simulations using the toolkit showed reasonable accuracy in predicting device and system efficiencies compared to experimental measurements. The toolkit is proposed as a useful tool for comparing efficiency in AC, DC, and hybrid AC/DC distribution systems in buildings.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Clay Bell, Chiemezie Ilonze, Aidan Duggan, Daniel Zimmerle
Summary: Continuous emission monitoring (CM) solutions promise to detect methane emissions in natural gas infrastructure, but this study found that the performance of different CM solutions varied greatly. Some solutions had a high probability of detection and accurate quantification, while others had high levels of uncertainty and false positive rates. The results indicate that the performance of individual CM solutions should be well understood before relying on them for emissions mitigation or regulatory reporting.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
William S. Daniels, Jiayang Lyra Wang, Arvind P. Ravikumar, Matthew Harrison, Selina A. Roman-White, Fiji C. George, Dorit M. Hammerling
Summary: Government policies and corporate strategies to reduce methane emissions from the oil and gas sector are increasingly relying on measurement-informed emission inventories at the site level. Traditional bottom-up inventories are insufficient in capturing the temporal variability and heavy-tailed nature of methane emissions. This study uses an 11-month methane measurement campaign to demonstrate the importance of multiscale measurements and the use of continuous monitoring systems in reconciling top-down measurements and bottom-up inventories.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kirsten Sinclair Rosselot, Paul Balcombe, Arvind P. Ravikumar, David Thomas Allen
Summary: Greenhouse gas emissions from LNG shipping depend on carrier characteristics, distance traveled, and maneuvering and docking days. A tool has been developed to estimate these emissions, considering changes in containment and engine technology, propulsion system types, and containment size. Methane and CO2 emissions are estimated based on boil-off generation, combustion slip, and stoichiometry. The tool provides emissions estimates for individual LNG carriers based on carrier and journey characteristics, and a spreadsheet tool is provided for specific carriers in the current fleet.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Editorial Material
Energy & Fuels
Arvind P. Ravikumar, Erin E. Tullos, David T. Allen, Ben Cahill, Steven P. Hamburg, Daniel Zimmerle, Thomas A. Fox, Manfredi Caltagirone, Lara Owens, Robert Stout, Andrew J. Grimes, Tania M. Fernandez, Carrie Jenks, Riley Duren, Antoine Halff, Morgan D. Bazilian, Stefanie Rucker
Summary: A differentiated natural gas market is crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in global natural gas supply chains. Trust in such markets relies on a transparent framework for reporting independently verifiable and accurate emissions data.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Stuart N. Riddick, Riley Ancona, Mercy Mbua, Clay S. Bell, Aidan Duggan, Timothy L. Vaughn, Kristine Bennett, Daniel J. Zimmerle
Summary: This study evaluates the methods for measuring methane emissions from point sources between 40 and 200 gCH(4) h(-1). The results show that the static chamber, dynamic chamber, and Bacharach Hi Flow Sampler (BHFS) methods underestimate the emissions, while the backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLs) method generally underestimates and Gaussian plume (GP) method significantly overestimates the emissions. Direct measurement methods have higher accuracy and precision, while far-field methods have lower accuracy.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2022)