Article
Engineering, Civil
Subhan Ahmad, Pradeep Bhargava, Ajay Chourasia, Minkwan Ju
Summary: This study tested reinforced concrete beams without transverse reinforcement exposed to high temperatures, finding significant effects of exposure temperature and tension reinforcement ratio on shear strength loss, while the shear-span-to-depth ratio had a minor influence on shear strength loss. An increase in exposure temperature resulted in decreased stiffness and increased deflection of the beams.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Thushara Jayasinghe, Tharaka Gunawardena, Priyan Mendis
Summary: This study investigates the parameters affecting the reserve strength of shear reinforcement using shear test data, and evaluates minimum shear reinforcement provisions in Australian concrete code, bridge design code, and American concrete institute code. The results reveal discrepancies in safety margins among the standards, with the proposed 0.75 factor showing greater efficiency in increasing safety margins compared to the k(s) factor.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Baek-Il Bae, Moon-Sung Lee, Chang-Sik Choi, Hyung-Suk Jung, Hyun-Ki Choi
Summary: Fiber volume fraction is the most influential factor on the ultimate strength of UHPFRC flexural members, with 2% steel fiber inclusion significantly enhancing both flexural and shear strength, and altering the failure mode. The ultimate flexural strength is affected by the size and shape of the stress block.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Asmaa Said, Mahmoud Elsayed, Ahmed Abd El-Azim, Fadi Althoey, Bassam A. Tayeh
Summary: This paper evaluates the effectiveness of using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) as a strengthening technique to improve the shear strength of RC beams. The experimental results show that UHPFRC is an effective technique, significantly improving the ultimate shear strength, initial stiffness, ductility, and toughness of the beams. Full casting of UHPFRC and strengthening with vertical or inclined strips were found to have a substantial contribution in increasing shear capacity.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Duc Toan Pham, Bernard Foure, Nicolas Pinoteau, Salim Abouri, Romain Mege
Summary: This study investigates the influence of axial tension on the shear strength of transversally reinforced concrete beams through tests on 27 beams with varying shear reinforcement. A new design method is proposed for longitudinal and transverse reinforcements, regardless of levels of axial tensile force.
STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Antony Kodsy, George Morcous
Summary: The use of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) in beams has been increasing due to its superior properties compared to conventional concrete. This paper investigates the effect of various parameters on the shear strength of UHPC beams without transverse reinforcement using collected shear test data. The study also evaluates the accuracy of five different shear strength prediction models and provides recommendations.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Si-Huy Ngo, Yu-Chen Ou, Van-Dung Nguyen
Summary: A shear strength model is proposed for reinforced concrete bridge columns with multispiral transverse reinforcement, considering multiple factors and showing the best prediction performance in experiments.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Amer Hassan, Mohammed Arif, M. Shariq
Summary: The study investigated the structural behavior of Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete (RGPC) beams containing steel fiber. Steel fibers effectively controlled cracking, improved flexural strength, and enhanced the elastic modulus of RGPC. Results showed that RGPC performed better than conventional concrete, with a change in flexural failure mode observed with an increase in a/d ratio.
STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Touhami Tahenni, Farid Bouziadi, Bensaid Boulekbache, Sofiane Amziane
Summary: This paper presents an experimental investigation and nonlinear finite element analysis of the shear and diagonal cracking effect on the behavior of reinforced-concrete beams, with and without transverse reinforcement. The results show that transverse reinforcement efficiently controls diagonal crack width, increases shear capacity, shifts failure mode, and improves ductility, especially with high-strength concrete. The 3D finite element analysis provides accurate predictions for the shear response of RC beams.
Article
Engineering, Civil
M. S. Sandeep, Koravith Tiprak, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Phoonsak Pheinsusom, Withit Pansuk
Summary: In recent years, machine learning techniques have been widely applied in solving challenging structural engineering problems, providing highly accurate models to replace empirical and semiempirical prediction models. This paper discusses the fundamental terminologies and concepts of commonly used machine learning algorithms for solving structural engineering problems. It also presents a comprehensive literature review on the application of machine learning in predicting shear strength, covering various types of beams. The article concludes with major observations, challenges, and future scope in this field. It serves as a valuable resource for individuals unfamiliar with machine learning but eager to learn more.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Luis A. Montoya-Coronado, Carlos Ribas, Joaquin G. Ruiz-Pinilla, Antoni Cladera
Summary: This research investigates the shear-transfer actions of simple supported RC beams without stirrups through crack kinematics tracking using photogrammetry techniques. The study reveals a significant redistribution of shear-transfer actions near failure, with the aggregate interlock contribution changing from irrelevant to primary. The aim of the research is to bridge the gap between shear strength design models and contradictory initial hypotheses through a better understanding of critical shear crack behavior.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yuanzhang Yang, Gaoyang Liu
Summary: Due to the complexity, there is no widely accepted mechanics-based estimation model for the shear performance of FRP-reinforced concrete beams. Data-driven machine learning (ML) models, utilizing previous experimental data, show potential for addressing this issue. This paper reviews existing shear design provisions and analyzes ML models, comparing their accuracy to codified methods with an extensive database of FRP-reinforced concrete beams. Incorporating selected features and utilizing Bayesian optimization, the ML models provide more accurate and consistent predictions compared to codified methods, indicating their potential in guiding shear design.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shushan Li, Ziwen Wu, Junhong Zhang, Wei Xie
Summary: The shear behavior of high-strength concrete full-scale deep beams was studied, and the parameters including shear span-to-depth ratio, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and stirrup reinforcement ratio were investigated. It was found that increasing the area of longitudinal bars and stirrups can improve the bearing capacity of deep beams, and the strut-and-tie model (STM) is suitable for analyzing the shear capacity of deep beams.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Min Sook Kim, Young Hak Lee
Summary: The experimental evaluation showed that increasing the amount of GFRP shear reinforcement and reducing spacing can improve the shear strength of reinforced concrete flat plates. This type of shear reinforcement also alters the crack pattern and failure mode of specimens. Additionally, existing equations provided by design codes underestimate the shear strength for concrete flat plates shear reinforced with GFRP vertical grids, with the BS 8110 equation offering more accurate results.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xingang Wang, Kai Liu, Baoqin Lian
Summary: The study investigated the mechanical properties and reinforcement mechanism of fiber-reinforced loess through ring shear tests. The results showed that polypropylene fibers significantly improved the peak strength and residual strength of loess, with the optimal fiber content and moisture content found to be 0.5% and 16%, respectively. The theoretical relationships between fiber content, moisture content, peak strength, and residual strength were quantitatively determined, and the fiber reinforcement mechanism was revealed based on macroscopic and SEM microscopic images of the shear plane.
BULLETIN OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Bingcheng Guo, Xiaoshan Lin, Yufei Wu, Lihai Zhang
Summary: This study proposes an integrated model based on machine learning method to evaluate the moment capacity and ductility of FRP-reinforced concrete beams with CY blocks and T sections. By testing different activation functions and kernel functions, the prediction accuracy of the model is improved. The optimal CY beam section design solutions are identified using a genetic algorithm.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yingwu Zhou, Xiaohan Wang, Biao Hu, Lili Sui, Fang Yuan
Summary: This study investigates the seismic retrofit of coastal bridge piers using FRP and ECC. Experimental results show that the retrofit significantly improves the seismic performance of the piers, especially for mildly corroded ones.
JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES FOR CONSTRUCTION
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Fang Yuan, Yu-Fei Wu, Biao Hu
Summary: This study investigated the influence of compression reinforcement on the shear strength of RC beams through experimental testing and finite-element modeling. The research findings showed that the effect of compression reinforcement on shear strength is comparable to that of tensile reinforcement. A new model was developed to describe the additional shear strength contribution of compression reinforcement in RC members.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jinlong Liu, Bin Bao, Jiatong Chen, Yufei Wu, Quan Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a passively adaptive piezoelectric wind energy harvester with a double-airfoil bluff body to enhance performance subjected to time-varying wind velocity. The associated aero-electromechanical model is developed to investigate the influence of attack angle on energy harvesting performance. Numerical results show three working modes that appear under different attack angles: vortex-induced vibration, galloping, and vibration suppression. Experimental validation shows that the proposed harvester outperforms conventional harvesters.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Peng -Da Li, Yu-Fei Wu
Summary: The damage evolution of concrete under multiple stress states is complex, and understanding the internal cracking evolution of concrete is crucial for understanding its failure mechanism. This study used X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) to examine the internal damage evolution of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) confined concrete under various axial load levels. The results showed crack growth, shear banding, and failure localization under different triaxial stress states. Image segmentation was used to quantify the development of damage due to cracking, and digital volumetric correlation technique (DVC) was employed to analyze strain distribution in the confined concrete. This study also provides valuable data for the development of concrete mechanics, failure criteria, and computational modeling of concrete structures under complex stress states.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Peng-Da Li, Yao Zhao, Yu-Fei Wu, Jian-Ping Lin
Summary: The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for strengthening concrete structures is widely adopted. Defects in the bond layer, caused by uneven concrete surface, environmental deterioration or external loading, can weaken the bonding performance of the FRP-concrete system. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the influence of interface defects on the FRP-concrete bonding behavior. The results showed that defect size, shape, and location have significant effects on the bonding performance, with higher concentrations of defects leading to a greater decrease in the FRP-concrete bearing capacity, particularly for defects closer to the FRP boundary.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yingwu Zhou, Ruyin Zhang, Ran Zhu, Zhipei Guan, Feng Xing, Menghuan Guo, Wanlin Cao, Biao Hu
Summary: A method of strengthening recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) by applying a fiber reinforced coating layer is proposed. The strengthening layer composition is explored, reducing the crushing index of the strengthened RCA (SRCA) by 37.4%. Microstructure investigations demonstrate densified interfacial transition zones (ITZs) in SRCA-made concrete (SRC), contributing to strength improvement. In SRC, distributed cracks are generated without major cracks, and the compressive strength is increased by 29.7% at 28 days. Numerical analyses show that cracks mainly develop in new mortar, while damage localization in both new and old ITZs is negligible until 80% post-peak.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Xiaoxu Huang, Yingwu Zhou, Weiwen Li, Biao Hu, Jiaxin Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the reliability level of design guidelines for concrete structures shear strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) and compares the accuracy and economy of different guidelines. The results show that the Chinese guideline is the most accurate for U-jacketing and fully wrapping, while both Chinese and American guidelines show satisfying predictions for side bonding. The reliability index for U-jacketing is generally larger than that for side bonding and smaller than fully wrapping. The Australian guideline provides the largest reliability indexes for U-jacketing and side bonding, while the British guideline provides the largest reliability indexes for fully wrapping. Besides the reliability level, the design economy also relies on the sensitivity of ss to design factors.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Fang Yuan, Jingyu Song, Yufei Wu
Summary: The novel compression casting method is effective in improving the compressive strength and durability of concrete. However, post-peak failure and increased brittleness pose challenges on the seismic performance of columns. Wrapping fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) can enhance the ductility of brittle columns. This study experimentally investigated the axial compression behavior and found that compression casting increased compressive strength but weakened axial deformation capacity, while FRP wrapping showed reduced efficiency and ultimate axial strain enhancement ratio after compression casting.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Feng Zhang, Guo-Hao Zhao, Yu-Fei Wu, Ying Zhang
Summary: The effect of strand debonding on the shear strength of pretensioned PC hollow slabs was studied by analyzing 19 specimens and 31 shear tests. A refined model was developed to predict the shear strength of pretensioned PC hollow slabs. The test results showed that the shear strength controlled by strand debonding decreased by approximately 27%. The validity of the refined model was verified by 23 test specimens.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jinlong Liu, Bin Bao, Jiatong Chen, Yufei Wu, Quan Wang
Summary: This study presents a two-degree-of-freedom marine energy harvesting system that extracts energy from tidal currents and offshore winds. The system consists of mechanically linked oscillators with alternative bluff bodies to capture multiple forms of fluid energy. Compared to conventional one-degree-of-freedom energy harvesters, the proposed system demonstrates improved power conversion and vibration reliability, making it a novel perspective for marine energy-harvesting technologies.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Huihui Li, Lifeng Li, Meng Ye, Mian Li, Yufei Wu
Summary: During the service period, chloride-induced corrosion (CIC) has a major impact on the performance and durability of aging coastal reinforced concrete (RC) structures. RC columns, which are important vertical members of many long-span highway bridges and high-rise buildings, are susceptible to the effects of non-uniform CIC and intentional or accidental explosive attacks. However, there have been few studies on the time-dependent blast fragilities of deteriorating coastal RC columns exposed to non-uniform CIC.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Syed Minhaj Saleem Kazmi, Muhammad Junaid Munir, Yu-Fei Wu, Xiaoshan Lin, Syed Zishan Ashiq
Summary: This study develops a unified elastic modulus model for predicting the elastic modulus of structural recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). Ten machine learning algorithms are evaluated, and the results show that the properties of coarse recycled aggregates are significant for the elastic modulus prediction of RAC. The GBA, BRA, and XGBA models are identified as the most suitable algorithms among all tested models. The proposed unified design equations in this study can efficiently predict the elastic modulus of RAC and natural aggregate concrete (NAC), promoting sustainable and cleaner concrete design.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xun Wang, Muhammad Junaid Munir, Yu-Fei Wu
Summary: Compression casting is a novel method for producing high-performance concrete. This study addresses the lack of research on CCC mix design and examines the influence of different parameters on the performance of NC and CCC. The results show that CCC specimens exhibited superior stress-strain relationships compared to NC specimens.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Renbing An, Jiacong Yuan, Yi Pan, Duhang Yi
Summary: Traditional timber structures built on sloped land are more susceptible to seismic damage compared to structures built on flat land. The upper portion of the structure is found to be the weak point on sloped land, with potential issues such as tenon failure and column foot sliding.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Elyas Bayat, Federica Tubino
Summary: The current design guidelines for assessing floor vibration performance do not consider the influence of variability in the walking path on the dynamic response of floors. This study investigates the dynamic response of floors under a single pedestrian walking load, taking into account the randomness of the walking path and load. The effectiveness of the current guidelines in predicting floor response is critically assessed.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Gao Ma, Chunxu Hou, Hyeon-Jong Hwang, Linghui Chen, Zhenhao Zhang
Summary: Minimizing earthquake damage and improving repair efficiency are the main principles of resilient structures. This study proposed a repairable column with UHPC segments and replaceable energy dissipaters. The test results showed that the columns with UHPC segments and replaceable dissipaters exhibited high strength, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Kartheek S. M. Sonti, Pavan Kumar Penumakala, Suresh Kumar Reddy Narala, S. Vincent
Summary: In this study, the compressive behavior of alumina hollow particles reinforced aluminum matrix syntactic foams (AMSF) was investigated using analytical, numerical, and experimental methods. The results showed that the FE solver ABAQUS could accurately predict the elastic and elastio-plastic behavior of AMSFs. The study also suggested that FE models have great potential in developing new materials and composites under compression loading.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zheqi Peng, Xin Wang, Zhishen Wu
Summary: In this study, the statistical modeling of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) cables using the classic fiber bundle model is explored. The study considers important features of large-scale multi-tendon FRP cables, such as initial random slack and uneven tensile deformation among tendons. A parametric study and reliability analysis are conducted to predict the load-displacement relation and design thousand-meter-scale FRP cables. The study emphasizes the relation between the reliability index beta of the cable and the safety factor gamma of the FRP material.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yanchao Shi, Shaozeng Liu, Ye Hu, Zhong-Xian Li, Yang Ding
Summary: This paper introduces a damage assessment method for reinforced concrete (RC) columns under blast loading, using modal parameter measurement as the evaluation index. The validity of the proposed method is validated through numerical and experimental analysis. The results show that this modal-based damage assessment method is applicable for non-destructive evaluation of blast-induced damage of RC columns.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xiaolin Zou, Maosheng Gong, Zhanxuan Zuo, Qifang Liu
Summary: This paper proposes an efficient framework for assessing the collapse capacity of structures in earthquake engineering. The framework is based on an accurate equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (ESDOF) system, calibrated by a meta-heuristic optimization method. The proposed framework has been validated through case studies, confirming its accuracy and efficiency.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jie Hu, Weiping Wen, Chenyu Zhang, Changhai Zhai, Shunshun Pei, Zhenghui Wang
Summary: A deep learning-based rapid peak seismic response prediction model is proposed for the most common two-story and three-span subway stations. The model predicts the peak seismic responses of subway stations using a data-driven approach and limited information, achieving good predictive performance and generalization ability, and demonstrating significantly higher computational efficiency compared to numerical simulation methods.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jin Ho Lee, Jeong-Rae Cho
Summary: A simplified model is proposed to estimate the earthquake responses of a rectangular liquid storage tank considering the fluid-structure interactions. The complex three-dimensional structural behavior of the tank is represented by a combination of fundamental modes of a rectangular-ring-shaped frame structure and a cantilever beam. The system's governing equation is derived, and earthquake responses such as deflection, hydrodynamic pressure, base shear, and overturning moment are obtained from the solution.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
W. J. Lewis, J. M. Russell, T. Q. Li
Summary: The work discusses the key features and advantages of optimal 2-pin arches shaped by statistically prevalent load and constant axial stress. It extends the design space of symmetric arches to cover asymmetric forms and provides minimum values of constant stress for form-finding of such arches made of different materials. The analysis shows that constant stress arches exhibit minimal stress response and have potential implications for sustainability and durability of future infrastructure.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Wen-ming Zhang, Han-xu Zou, Jia-qi Chang, Tian-cheng Liu
Summary: Saddle position is crucial in the construction and control of suspension bridges. This study proposes an analytical approach to estimate the saddle positions in the completed bridge state and discusses the calculation under different definitions. The relationship between the saddle position and the tower's centerline is analyzed, along with the eccentric compression of the tower. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified through a real-life suspension bridge.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shaise K. John, Alessio Cascardi, Yashida Nadir
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the use of TRM material for reinforcing concrete columns. The results showed that increasing the number of textile layers effectively increased the axial strength. Additionally, the choice of fiber type and hybrid textile configuration also had a significant impact on strength improvement. A new design model that considers the effects of both the confining matrix and textile was proposed.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chandrashekhar Lakavath, S. Suriya Prakash
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the shear behavior of post-tensioned UHPFRC girders, considering factors such as prestress level, fiber volume fraction, and types of steel fibers. The results showed that increasing prestress and fiber dosage could enhance the ultimate load-carrying capacity of the girders, reduce crack angle, and increase shear cracking load.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Vahid Goodarzimehr, Siamak Talatahari, Saeed Shojaee, Amir H. Gandomi
Summary: In this paper, an Improved Marine Predators Algorithm (IMPA) is proposed for size and shape optimization of truss structures subject to natural frequency constraints. The results indicate that IMPA performs better in solving these nonlinear structural optimization problems compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chun-Xu Qu, Jin-Zhao Jiang, Ting-Hua Yi, Hong-Nan Li
Summary: In this paper, a computer vision-based method is proposed to monitor the deformation and displacement of building structures by obtaining 3D coordinates of surface feature points. The method can acquire a large number of 3D coordinates in a noncontact form, improve the flexibility and density of measurement point layout, and is simple and cost-effective to operate.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2024)