Review
Immunology
Stella Amarachi Ihim, Sharafudeen Dahiru Abubakar, Zeineb Zian, Takanori Sasaki, Mohammad Saffarioun, Shayan Maleknia, Gholamreza Azizi
Summary: IL-18, a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a crucial role in various autoimmune diseases. Drugs targeting IL-18 have shown partial effectiveness or complete ineffectiveness in clinical studies, possibly due to the involvement of other cytokines and proteins in the inflammatory signaling pathway along with IL-18.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mariam Elshiaty, Hannah Schindler, Petros Christopoulos
Summary: The field of multispecific therapeutic antibodies is growing rapidly, with over 140 different molecules currently in clinical testing and excellent results in recent clinical trials. Strategies for enhancing anticancer efficacy are focused on disrupting multiple surface antigens and redirecting cytotoxic lymphocytes, with a trend towards more target antigens and increased valency in newer constructs. Exciting prospects include targeting intracellular neoantigens using T-cell receptor fusion proteins or TCR-mimic antibody fragments, offering hope for cure of advanced cancers in the near future.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emanuele Andreano, Ida Paciello, Giulia Piccini, Noemi Manganaro, Piero Pileri, Inesa Hyseni, Margherita Leonardi, Elisa Pantano, Valentina Abbiento, Linda Benincasa, Ginevra Giglioli, Concetta De Santi, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Ilaria Rancan, Mario Tumbarello, Francesca Montagnani, Claudia Sala, Emanuele Montomoli, Rino Rappuoli
Summary: Research suggests that individuals who have been infected or vaccinated for the first time will produce antibodies with increased potency and breadth, allowing for better control of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Review
Immunology
Waller-Pulido Alejandra, Jimenez-Perez Miriam Irene, Gonzalez-Sanchez Fabio Antonio, Rojo-Gutierrez Rocio Patricia, Torres-Anguiano Elizabeth, Aleman-Aguilar Juan Pablo, Garcia-Varela Rebeca
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been widely used in immunotherapies against various diseases and have potential in immunization. They play a key role in recognizing and targeting specific antigens. Different types of mAbs are discussed, and common techniques such as hybridomas or phage display are used for their production. Specialized downstream processes are employed to achieve desired yield, isolation, and product quality. Novel perspectives in these protocols can lead to improved high-scale production of mAbs.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Pilar Martin, Rafael Blanco-Dominguez, Raquel Sanchez-Diaz
Summary: Over the past decade, T cell-based approaches using immunomodulatory receptors like PD-1 and CTLA-4 have shown significant improvement in cancer treatments. However, their potential roles in autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases remain largely unexplored. CD69 receptor, known to be expressed in autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases as well as cancer, has emerged as a promising modulator, but inhibiting these receptors may lead to loss of immunological tolerance. Further research on the functions of different immunomodulatory receptors is crucial for developing new therapies with fewer side effects.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Beatriz Arevalo, Marina Blazquez, Veronica Serafin, Ana Montero-Calle, Miguel Calero, Alejandro Valverde, Rodrigo Barderas, Susana Campuzano, Paloma Yanez-Sedeno, Jose M. Pingarron
Summary: This work presents an electroanalytical bioplatform for detecting antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4-Abs). The platform demonstrates competitive sensitivity compared to existing biosensors and ELISA kits. It offers advantages in terms of cost and point-of-care operation. The bioplatform successfully analyzed serum samples from healthy individuals, as well as patients diagnosed with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), providing results consistent with ELISA methodology.
BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Alexandre Bezerra Conde Figueiredo, Fernanda L. Fonseca, Diogo Kuczera, Fernando de Paiva Conte, Marcia Arissawa, Marcio L. Rodrigues
Summary: Novel therapeutic approaches to combat fungal infections are urgently needed due to antifungal resistance and significant toxicity. Monoclonal antibodies targeting chitooligomers have shown potential in enhancing fungicidal capacity and controlling cryptococcal pathogenesis, making them valuable tools in the control of cryptococcosis.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Helen Haixia Wu, Kerry-Leigh Ralph, Eliud Sepuldeva, Gale Hansen, Hua Li, Zhong-Fu Huang, Dongmei Liu, Michael Dziegelewski, Jennifer Ahlberg, Lee Frego, Steve Fogal, Susan van Tongeren, Christine Grimaldi, Tobias Litzenberger, David Presky, Sanjaya Singh, Scott Brodeur, Rachel Kroe-Barrett
Summary: The study presents a novel antibody BI 655064 targeting the CD40-CD40L pathway, which effectively neutralizes the pathogenesis of related diseases and has high therapeutic potential.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Youra Kim, Prathyusha Konda, J. Patrick Murphy, Joao A. Paulo, Steven P. Gygi, Shashi Gujar
Summary: The combination of oncolytic virus (OV) and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy can change the tumor MHC-I peptidome and stimulate the antitumor CD8 T cell response. The differential expression of MHC-I-associated peptides induced by OV+ICB therapy contains biologically active epitopes that stimulate the interferon-gamma responses in CD8 T cells, which may contribute to the clinically desired antitumor attack and cancer immunoediting.
MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Hajra Ashraf, Paolo Solla, Leonardo Atonio Sechi
Summary: Significant progress has been made in recent decades in understanding the underlying mechanisms of autoimmune-mediated neurological diseases. These diseases have a profound impact on both the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in diverse clinical manifestations. Pharmacotherapies have emerged as promising approaches for controlling the progression of autoimmune diseases.
Article
Immunology
Yang Fang, Jing Ni, Yun-Sheng Wang, Yan Zhao, Ling-Qiong Jiang, Cong Chen, Ruo-Di Zhang, Xi Fang, Peng Wang, Hai-Feng Pan
Summary: Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles containing lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, which deliver signaling molecules to target cells, regulating their function and morphology and playing a role in various biological processes, such as cell apoptosis or proliferation, and cytokine production. Research has shown that exosomes are important in the pathological mechanisms of autoimmune diseases (ADs) such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type 1 diabetes. Exosomes participate in ADs through intercellular communication and influencing immune cell responses. They can also serve as biomarkers and potential therapeutic carriers due to their compatibility and stability.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Sajjad Chamani, Maryam Moossavi, Ali Naghizadeh, Mitra Abbasifard, Muhammed Majeed, Thomas P. Johnston, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: Systemic autoimmune diseases are characterized by immune system dysregulation, leading to immune cell activation, inflammation, and multi-organ impairment. Curcumin, a phenolic ingredient extracted from turmeric, has various functions such as inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. However, its immunomodulatory effects on immune reactions/processes are still largely unknown.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Eugenia Quiros-Roldan, Silvia Amadasi, Isabella Zanella, Melania Degli Antoni, Samuele Storti, Giorgio Tiecco, Francesco Castelli
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been known since the 1970s, but their therapeutic potential in the medical field has recently emerged with the advancement of manufacturing techniques. Developed against SARS-CoV 2, numerous mAbs have proven effective in managing mild-to-moderate disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaojie Yu, Christian M. Orr, H. T. Claude Chan, Sonya James, Christine A. Penfold, Jinny Kim, Tatyana Inzhelevskaya, C. Ian Mockridge, Kerry L. Cox, Jonathan W. Essex, Ivo Tews, Martin J. Glennie, Mark S. Cragg
Summary: Low affinity of immunomodulatory antibodies leads to greater activity through increased clustering, resulting in higher immune cell activation, T cell expansion, and antitumor activity. This discovery reveals a new mechanism for enhancing receptor activation across diverse receptor families and sheds light on the mechanism of antibody-mediated receptor signaling. Affinity engineering offers a rational, efficient, and tunable solution for delivering antibody-mediated receptor activity for the treatment of human disease.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gang Wu, Chuanfei Yu, Wenbo Wang, Jialiang Du, Zhihao Fu, Gangling Xu, Meng Li, Lan Wang
Summary: Imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (icIEF) and ion exchange chromatography (IEX) are routinely used for charge variant analysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In this study, icIEF-MS and strong cation exchange (SCX)-MS were compared, and it was found that icIEF-MS outperformed SCX-MS in terms of sensitivity, carryover effect, protein identification, and separation resolution.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Andrew B. Lassman, Stephanie L. Pugh, Tony J. C. Wang, Kenneth Aldape, Hui K. Gan, Matthias Preusser, Michael A. Vogelbaum, Erik P. Sulman, Minhee Won, Peixin Zhang, Golnaz Moazami, Marian S. Macsai, Mark R. Gilbert, Earle E. Bain, Vincent Blot, Peter J. Ansell, Suvajit Samanta, Madan G. Kundu, Terri S. Armstrong, Jeffrey S. Wefel, Clemens Seidel, Filip Y. de Vos, Sigmund Hsu, Andres F. Cardona, Giuseppe Lombardi, Dmitry Bentsion, Richard A. Peterson, Craig Gedye, Veronique Bourg, Antje Wick, Walter J. Curran, Minesh P. Mehta
Summary: The use of depatux-m in newly diagnosed glioblastomas (GBMs) with epidermal growth factor receptor gene amplification (EGFR-amp) did not improve overall survival (OS), but showed a longer progression-free survival. There were safety risks associated with the treatment, leading to treatment discontinuation for some patients.
Article
Oncology
Macarena de la Fuente, Howard Colman, Mark Rosenthal, Brian A. Van Tine, Danijela Levacic, Tobias Walbert, Hui K. Gan, Maria Vieito, Mohammed M. Milhem, Kathryn Lipford, Sanjeev Forsyth, Sylvie M. Guichard, Yelena Mikhailov, Alexander Sedkov, Julie Brevard, Patrick F. Kelly, Hesham Mohamed, Varun Monga
Summary: Olutasidenib, a drug designed to target relapsed/refractory gliomas with IDH1(R132X) mutation, has demonstrated good tolerability and preliminary clinical activity in patients.
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Hui K. Gan
NEURO-ONCOLOGY PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Maximilian J. Mair, Rupert Bartsch, Emilie Le Rhun, Anna S. Berghoff, Priscilla K. Brastianos, Javier Cortes, Hui K. Gan, Nancy U. Lin, Andrew B. Lassman, Patrick Y. Wen, Michael Weller, Martin van den Bent, Matthias Preusser
Summary: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have shown efficacy in various cancers, but their activity in the central nervous system (CNS) may be limited by the blood-brain barrier. This review summarizes the available clinical data on ADCs against primary and secondary brain tumors and ongoing trials. It also discusses the physical, biological, and molecular determinants of ADCs' CNS activity and potential strategies to improve drug delivery to brain tumors.
NATURE REVIEWS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Hui Kong Gan, Bryan W. W. Day, Rosemary Harrup, Terrance G. G. Johns, Zarnie Lwin, Andrew Mark Scott, Hao-Wen Sim, Eng-Siew Koh
Summary: This review discusses the challenges and barriers faced in the development of drugs for neuro-oncology trials at various stages and the impact on patient outcomes over the past 30 years. Strategies to address these issues include improved preclinical testing, focus on blood-brain barrier penetrance and targeting key biological processes, adoption of innovative trial designs, and stronger translational focus. The implementation of these strategies requires coordinated efforts between clinicians, scientists, industry, and funding/regulator bodies.
CURRENT ONCOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Nathaniel Barry, Roslyn J. Francis, Martin A. Ebert, Eng-Siew Koh, Pejman Rowshanfarzad, Ghulam Mubashar Hassan, Jake Kendrick, Hui K. Gan, Sze T. Lee, Eddie Lau, Bradford A. Moffat, Greg Fitt, Alisha Moore, Paul Thomas, David A. Pattison, Tim Akhurst, Ramin Alipour, Elizabeth L. Thomas, Edward Hsiao, Geoffrey P. Schembri, Peter Lin, Tam Ly, June Yap, Ian Kirkwood, Wilson Vallat, Shahroz Khan, Dayanethee Krishna, Stanley Ngai, Chris Yu, Scott Beuzeville, Tow C. Yeow, Dale Bailey, Olivia Cook, Angela Whitehead, Rachael Dykyj, Alana Rossi, Andrew Grose, Andrew M. Scott
Summary: The FET PET trial in Australia aimed to evaluate the role of FET PET in managing glioblastoma patients. The study found that there was considerable variability in tumor delineation and interpretation, but the overall results were reliable.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Ravi Marwah, Daniel Xing, Timothy Squire, Yu Yang Soon, Hui K. Gan, Sweet Ping Ng
Summary: This review compares reirradiation (reRT), systemic therapy, and combination therapy (reRT & systemic therapy) in patients with recurrent high-grade glioma (rHGG) in terms of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), adverse effects (AEs), and quality of life (QoL). The study found that combination therapy may improve OS and PFS with acceptable toxicities. Additionally, combining bevacizumab with reRT prophylactically reduces radionecrosis.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Christian Werner Wichmann, Ingrid Julienne Georgette Burvenich, Nancy Guo, Angela Rigopoulos, Alexander McDonald, Diana Cao, Graeme Joseph O'Keefe, Sylvia Jie Gong, Hui Kong Gan, Fiona Elizabeth Scott, Nabendu Pore, Steven Coats, Andrew Mark Scott
Summary: This study investigated the biodistribution properties of the anti-ASCT2 antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) MEDI7247 and MEDI7519, as well as an isotype control ADC, using ^89Zr radiolabeling. The results showed that both MEDI7247 and MEDI7519 displayed specific tumor uptake but exhibited faster blood clearance and non-specific localization in the liver. This highlights the importance of nuclear medicine imaging techniques in the early preclinical assessment of drug specificity.
NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Eng-Siew Koh, Hui K. Gan, Clare Senko, Roslyn J. Francis, Martin Ebert, Sze Ting Lee, Eddie Lau, Mustafa Khasraw, Anna K. Nowak, Dale L. Bailey, Bradford A. Moffat, Greg Fitt, Rodney J. Hicks, Robert Coffey, Roel Verhaak, Kyle M. Walsh, Elizabeth H. Barnes, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Mark Rosenthal, Lucas Adda, Farshad Foroudi, Arian Lasocki, Alisha Moore, Paul A. Thomas, Paul Roach, Michael Back, Robyn Leonard, Andrew M. Scott
Summary: FET-PET has the potential to impact adjuvant radiotherapy planning, differentiate between treatment-induced pseudoprogression and true tumor progression, and predict prognosis in glioblastoma management. The FIG study is a multicenter phase II study aiming to investigate the impact of FET-PET versus standard MRI on radiotherapy volume delineation and the accuracy and management impact of FET-PET in distinguishing pseudoprogression from true tumor progression.
Article
Cell Biology
Sophia Frentzas, Hui K. Gan, Rasha Cosman, Jermaine Coward, Ben Tran, Michael Millward, Yiting Zhou, Wenjing Wang, Dennis Xia, Zhongmin Maxwell Wang, Baiyong Li, Michelle Xia, Jayesh Desai
Summary: This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of Cadonilimab in patients with advanced solid tumors. The results demonstrate good tolerability and promising efficacy of Cadonilimab in some patients.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Benedito A. Carneiro, Kyriakos P. Papadopoulos, John H. Strickler, Andrew B. Lassman, Saiama N. Waqar, Young Kwang Chae, Jyoti D. Patel, Einat Shacham-Shmueli, Karen Kelly, Mustafa Khasraw, Christine M. Bestvina, Ryan Merrell, Kevin Huang, Harisha Atluri, Peter Ansell, Rachel Li, Janet Jin, Mark G. Anderson, Edward B. Reilly, Gladys Morrison-Thiele, Kalpesh Patel, Randy R. Robinson, Martha R. Neagu Aristide, Hui K. Gan
Summary: Ser-T monotherapy demonstrated tolerable safety profile with minimal antitumor activity observed in patients with glioblastoma at recommended phase II dose.
NEURO-ONCOLOGY ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Catherine G. Fitzgerald Dickmann, Alexander F. F. McDonald, Nhi Huynh, Angela Rigopoulos, Zhanqi Liu, Nancy Guo, Laura D. D. Osellame, Michael A. A. Gorman, Michael W. W. Parker, Hui K. K. Gan, Andrew M. M. Scott, Uwe Ackermann, Ingrid J. G. Burvenich, Jonathan M. M. White
Summary: A novel molecule, [F-18]BiPET-2, radiolabelled with positron emitting fluorine-18, has been developed and evaluated in vitro and preclinically in glioblastoma models.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hui K. Gan, Sagun Parakh, Laura D. Osellame, Lawrence Cher, Anthony Uccellini, Umbreen Hafeez, Siddharth Menon, Andrew M. Scott
Summary: ADCs have shown great potential in the treatment of brain tumors by combining specific targeting with effective drug payloads. This review discusses the different classes of ADCs tested in primary brain tumors and evaluates their efficacy and limitations. The valuable insights gained from previous trials provide a strong rationale for further development of ADCs tailored for the unique biology of brain tumors.
EXPERT OPINION ON BIOLOGICAL THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Hao-Wen Sim, Luke Wachsmuth, Elizabeth H. Barnes, Sonia Yip, Eng-Siew Koh, Merryn Hall, Ross Jennens, David M. Ashley, Roel G. Verhaak, Amy B. Heimberger, Mark A. Rosenthal, Elizabeth J. Hovey, Benjamin M. Ellingson, Annette Tognela, Hui K. Gan, Helen Wheeler, Michael Back, Kerrie L. Mcdonald, Anne Long, Katharine Cuff, Stephen Begbie, Craig Gedye, Anna Mislang, Hien Le, Margaret O. Johnson, Benjamin Y. Kong, John R. Simes, Zarnie Lwin, Mustafa Khasraw
Summary: The NUTMEG study evaluated the combination of nivolumab and temozolomide in patients aged 65 years and older with glioblastoma. However, the results showed that nivolumab did not significantly improve overall survival in these patients. Three grade 3 immune-related adverse events were reported in the experimental arm.
NEURO-ONCOLOGY ADVANCES
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Christian Wichmann, Katherine Morgan, Nancy Guo, Hui Gan, Ingrid Burvenich, Paul Donnelly, Andrew Scott
NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2022)
