Review
Neurosciences
Ananth Prasad Burada, Rajesh Vinnakota, Bertrand Lambolez, Ludovic Tricoire, Janesh Kumar
Summary: Enigmatic orphan glutamate delta receptors (GluD) are a type of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) that do not bind glutamate or evoke currents when binding glycine and D-serine. They are believed to function as structural proteins that facilitate synapse formation, maturation, and maintenance in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Recent research suggests that GluD receptors have interactions with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) and are gated by their activation, with new tools and structures helping to define their role in synaptic physiology.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carlos Alberto Castillo, Inmaculada Ballesteros-Yanez, David Agustin Leon-Navarro, Jose Luis Albasanz, Mairena Martin
Summary: The amyloid beta peptide plays a central role in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Exposure to A beta(25-35) in rat cortical neurons increased mGluR density and affinity, along with up-regulation of adenosine A(1)R and A(2A)R. The study highlights the possible involvement of metabotropic glutamate and adenosine receptors in the early events of AD physiopathology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Srdjan M. M. Vlajkovic, Peter R. R. Thorne
Summary: The mammalian cochlea, as the sensory organ for hearing, is regulated by ATP release and adenosine signaling, triggering various physiological responses and playing important roles in cochlear development, homeostasis, and sensory transduction. Understanding these mechanisms may provide therapeutic strategies for cochlear rescue and prevention of hearing loss.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
M. Angela Cenci, Katrine Skovgard, Per Odin
Summary: Dopamine replacement therapy is the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, but it is limited by its side effects. Recent evidence suggests that altered dopamine transmission affects non-dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Researchers are exploring drugs that target non-dopaminergic receptors to improve the side effects of dopamine replacement therapy. This review discusses the different non-dopaminergic targets that have been studied, with a particular focus on modulators of glutamatergic and serotonergic transmission.
Review
Neurosciences
Jeremy M. Henley, Jithin D. Nair, Richard Seager, Busra P. Yucel, Gavin Woodhall, Benjamin S. Henley, Karolina Talandyte, Hope I. Needs, Kevin A. Wilkinson
Summary: Epilepsy is caused by abnormal neuronal network activity. The review focuses on the role and regulation of kainate and AMPA receptors in seizure activity, discussing the impact of GluK2 and GluA2 subunits on their respective receptors' properties.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shofiul Azam, Md. Jakaria, JoonSoo Kim, Jaeyong Ahn, In-Su Kim, Dong-Kug Choi
Summary: Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), especially mGluR5, play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent research suggests that mGluR5 radioligands could be used to assess disease progression and track drug properties.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vanessa Pereira, Juri Aparicio Arias, Amadeu Llebaria, Cyril Goudet
Summary: Neuropathic pain is a challenging condition to manage. In this study, the role of the amygdala in regulating neuropathic pain was investigated. The activation of mGlu4 receptors in the amygdala was found to alleviate sensory and depressive-like symptoms in a mouse model of neuropathy.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Rafael Falcon-Moya, Antonio Rodriguez-Moreno
Summary: Presynaptic kainate receptors modulate GABA and glutamate release in the central nervous system of mammals through both ionotropic and metabotropic actions. This biphasic modulation results in increased glutamate release at low KA concentrations and decreased neurotransmitter release at higher concentrations.
Article
Reproductive Biology
Alexandra Spirkova, Veronika Kovarikova, Zuzana Sefcikova, Jozef Pisko, Martina Ksinanova, Juraj Koppel, Dusan Fabian, Stefan Cikos
Summary: The study reveals that glutamic acid can affect preimplantation embryo development through cell membrane receptors. High extracellular concentrations of glutamic acid can inhibit blastocyst development, which is of practical significance.
BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Emily Cash, Amanda T. Goodwin, Amanda L. Tatler
Summary: Pulmonary fibrosis is a debilitating lung condition caused by the abnormal activation of fibroblasts, resulting in the deposition of ECM components and impairment of lung function. Adenosine signalling is believed to play a role in tissue fibrosis, including in the lungs, but the exact molecular pathways are still unknown.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ananth Prasad Burada, Rajesh Vinnakota, Pratibha Bharti, Priyanka Dutta, Neelima Dubey, Janesh Kumar
Summary: GluD receptors are a subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors that play a crucial role in synapse formation, maturation, and maintenance of central nervous system functions. Despite the lack of knowledge about their endogenous ligands, significant discoveries have been made regarding their role in mediating trans-synaptic interactions and their unique non-swapped architecture. Additionally, the prospect of GluD ionotropic activity being regulated by direct interaction with metabotropic glutamate receptors is exciting.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Reuben Levy-Myers, Daniel Daudelin, Chan Hyun Na, Shanthini Sockanathan
Summary: This study demonstrates that the protein GDE3 regulates actin remodeling to release a unique subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with distinct functions. GDE3 is expressed in astrocytes but not neurons and is responsible for releasing EVs containing annexin A1 and GDE3 via the protein WAVE3. Mice lacking GDE3 show decreased miniature excitatory postsynaptic current amplitudes in hippocampal neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Dolores Piniella, Francisco Zafra
Summary: This article discusses the functions of NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) in the central nervous system and their interaction with other endogenous ligands. The activity of NMDARs depends on the coincidental binding of glutamate with other cellular signals and is modulated by allosteric modulators such as zinc and protons. The GlyT1 transporter plays an important role in maintaining glycine concentration in the microenvironment of NMDARs. Although the inhibition of GlyT1 has been investigated as a treatment for schizophrenia, the results from phase III clinical trials have been disappointing. However, further research and the newly published 3D structure of GlyT1 may lead to the design of more effective drugs.
Article
Neurosciences
Chaohong Li, Baosheng Zhao, Chenlu Zhao, Lu Huang, Yuzhen Liu
Summary: The study revealed the expression and physiological function of mGluR1 in the CB. Activation of mGluR1 inhibited the response of CB to hypoxia and prolonged the latency period of the response.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mariangela Chisari, Michele Barraco, Claudio Bucolo, Lucia Ciranna, Maria Angela Sortino
Summary: Microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, play a crucial role in neuroinflammation and CNS homeostasis. This study investigated the involvement of two receptor subtypes, purinergic ionotropic P2X7 receptor and metabotropic glutamate mGlu5 receptor, in microglial function. The results showed that these receptors are functionally expressed in microglia and their activation affects ion flux and nitric oxide synthesis. The study suggests an important crosstalk between ATP and glutamate in inflammation and provides potential pharmacological targets for modulating neuroinflammation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
M. Crespo, D. A. Leon-Navarro, M. Martin
Summary: Febrile seizures in children can lead to epilepsy in adults, with glutamate playing a key role in the development of neurological disorders. In the short term after seizures, GLT-1 levels increase and glutamate concentration decreases, while mGlu(5)R levels remain unchanged. However, in the long term, an increase in mGlu(5)R levels and decreases in GLT-1 and glutamate levels are observed, associated with the development of an anxious phenotype and potentially increased vulnerability to epileptic events in adults.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nursing
Ruben J. Bernal-Celestino, Alberto Leon-Martin, Maria Mairena Martin-Lopez, Jacinto Ruiz-Garcia, Silvia Munoz-Romera, Ana Isabel Lozano-Diaz
Summary: A multicenter study found that individuals with intellectual disabilities have a lower prevalence, severity, and rate of analgesic treatment for pain compared to the general population, which may be aggravated by communication problems.
PAIN MANAGEMENT NURSING
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alejandro Sanchez-Melgar, Pedro Jose Izquierdo-Ramirez, Veronica Palomera-Avalos, Merce Pallas, Jose Luis Albasanz, Mairena Martin
Summary: High-fat diet may affect the adenosinergic system, but resveratrol does not effectively counteract its effects, with different impacts in different strains of mice. Additionally, the levels of free-cholesterol in the plasma membrane remain unchanged.
Article
Neurosciences
Alejandro Sanchez-Melgar, Sonia Munoz-Lopez, Jose Luis Albasanz, Mairena Martin
Summary: Gliomas are the most common and aggressive primary tumors in the central nervous system, while resveratrol, a natural polyphenol, shows antitumoral potential, possibly through regulating adenosine metabolism and adenosine receptors.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
M. Crespo, D. A. Leon-Navarro, M. Martin
Summary: Febrile seizures can be classified into simple and prolonged, with controversy surrounding the outcomes of the latter. Research using an animal model shows that prolonged febrile seizures in early life can lead to motor impairments and gait disturbances in adult rats, affecting the adenosinergic system in the cerebellum.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alejandro Sanchez-Melgar, Pedro J. Izquierdo-Ramirez, Christian Grinan-Ferre, Merce Pallas, Mairena Martin, Jose Luis Albasanz
Summary: Age is a prominent factor for dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism in the brain of SAMP8 mice, and resveratrol exhibits different neuroprotective effects on Aβ processing or cholesterol metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sonia Munoz-Lopez, Alejandro Sanchez-Melgar, Mairena Martin, Jose Luis Albasanz
Summary: Despite the lack of effective treatment for cancer, natural compounds such as resveratrol have shown promise in cancer therapy. Resveratrol can modulate various signaling pathways related to cancer initiation and progression. This study investigates the impact of resveratrol treatment on adenosinergic pathway components and cell viability in HeLa and SH-SY5Y cell lines, revealing changes in the pathway that may contribute to the anti-tumoral effects of resveratrol.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Crespo, David Agustin Leon-Navarro, Mairena Martin
Summary: Febrile seizures, classified as short or prolonged, are common in childhood. Prolonged febrile seizures have been linked to temporal lobe epilepsy, and animal models have shown that they can alter neuronal function. Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase have been suggested to play a role in this process. The study found that hyperthermia-induced seizures increased the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase, and also increased the protein level of the AMPA subunit GluR1.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adrian Tejero, David Agustin Leon-Navarro, Mairena Martin
Summary: L-Glutamate (L-Glu) is an amino acid that plays a crucial role in the central nervous system as the main excitatory neurotransmitter involved in learning and memory processes. It is regulated by adenosine receptors, and high concentrations of L-Glu can induce oxidative stress and act as a neurotoxin. Investigating the impact of L-Glu consumption during gestation and lactation on oxidative stress markers and neurotransmitter receptors in the cerebellum is important to understand its effects on foetuses and neonates.
PURINERGIC SIGNALLING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Borja Diaz de Grenu, Diego M. Fernandez-Aroca, Juan A. Organero, Gema Dura, Felix Angel Jalon, Ricardo Sanchez-Prieto, M. Jose Ruiz-Hidalgo, Ana Maria Rodriguez, Lucia Santos, Jose L. Albasanz, Blanca R. Manzano
Summary: Compound 6, a new derivative of aromatase inhibitors, exhibits higher inhibitory activity and potent cytostatic behavior compared to established inhibitors, making it a promising candidate for hormone-dependent cancer treatment.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)