Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nanyang Liu, Tingting Zhang, Lina Ma, Wei Wei, Zehui Li, Xuefan Jiang, Jiahui Sun, Hui Pei, Hao Li
Summary: This meta-analysis confirmed the association between VDR gene polymorphisms (ApaI, BsmI, and TaqI) and MCI and AD susceptibility. BsmI polymorphism may increase the risk of MCI, ApaI may have a protective effect on MCI, and TaqI may increase the risk of AD.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Gabriella Santangelo, Simona Raimo, Roberto Erro, Marina Picillo, Marianna Amboni, Maria Teresa Pellecchia, Claudia Pivonello, Paolo Barone, Carmine Vitale
Summary: The study found that Vitamin D insufficiency is common in Parkinson's Disease patients, and low levels of 25(OH)D and lower education are predictors of PD-MCI development. Early diagnosis and management of Vitamin D insufficiency may help prevent cognitive decline in PD patients.
AGING & MENTAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Elena Milanesi, Catalina Anca Cucos, Jordi A. Matias-Guiu, Gerard Pinol-Ripoll, Gina Manda, Maria Dobre, Antonio Cuadrado
Summary: Regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2) is involved in neuronal plasticity and synaptic signaling, and its expression levels were found to be downregulated in the blood of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Despite disease-specific therapy, RGS2 transcript levels continued to decrease at 1 year. These findings suggest that RGS2 may play a role in the pathology and progression of AD, serving as a potential blood biomarker for the disease.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Masataka Kikuchi, Kaori Kobayashi, Sakiko Itoh, Kensaku Kasuga, Akinori Miyashita, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Eiji Yumoto, Yuki Kosaka, Yasuto Fushimi, Toshihiro Takeda, Shirou Manabe, Satoshi Hattori, Akihiro Nakaya, Kenichi Kamijo, Yasushi Matsumura
Summary: In this study, a model was developed to subtypes individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and predict their conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the underlying biological characteristics of each subtype were analyzed. Based on different levels of abnormality in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline, MCI was classified into five subtypes, further categorized into three groups based on their conversion rates to AD. The identified subtypes showed varying conversion rates and biological profiles.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Israel Martinez-Nicolas, Thide E. Llorente, Francisco Martinez-Sanchez, Juan Jose G. Meilan
Summary: The field of voice and speech analysis has gained popularity in detecting neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and mild cognitive impairment. Studies have found that speech analysis is a cost-effective and reliable method with high diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing between healthy aging and cognitive disorders. Researchers have identified specific speech features that can effectively diagnose these conditions.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Beatrice Arosio, Paolo Dionigi Rossi, Evelyn Ferri, Matteo Cesari, Giovanni Vitale
Summary: Vitamin D levels are significantly associated with cognitive decline, with the lowest levels seen in dementia patients and higher levels in mild cognitive impairment patients.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tommaso Romagnoli, Beatrice Ortolani, Juana Maria Sanz, Alessandro Trentini, Davide Seripa, Edoardo Dalla Nora, Eleonora Capatti, Carlo Cervellati, Angelina Passaro, Giovanni Zuliani, Gloria Brombo
Summary: This study evaluated serum ApoJ levels in 196 MCI subjects and found that low ApoJ levels may be associated with an increased risk of developing dementia. The risk of dementia conversion doubled in subjects with lower ApoJ levels compared to those with higher levels, especially after two years of follow up.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Shanshan Chen, Huimin Wu, Yu Song, Honglin Ge, Zheng Yan, Chen Xue, Wenzhang Qi, Qianian Yuan, Xingjian Lin, Jiu Chen
Summary: This study found that progressive mild cognitive impairment (pMCI) is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The differences in inter-hemispheric structural and functional alterations between pMCI and stable mild cognitive impairment (sMCI) are still unknown. The findings suggest that the destruction of homotopic connectivity and corpus callosum atrophy partially mediate the association between inter-hemispheric connectivity and cognitive impairment in pMCI.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Jonathan Blackman, Marta Swirski, James Clynes, Sam Harding, Yue Leng, Elizabeth Coulthard
Summary: Suboptimal sleep can lead to cognitive decline and accelerate Alzheimer's Disease progression. Early intervention in MCI and mild AD is necessary, but there is a lack of evidence for sleep interventions in these stages, highlighting the need for high quality experimental studies exploring alternative interventions.
JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hong-Chun Wei, Bing Li, Kok Pin Ng, Qing-Xi Fu, Sheng-Jie Dong, Mao-Wen Ba, Min Kong
Summary: This study compared clinical and biomarker features between A+T+MCI individuals progressing to pMCI and those remaining stable sMCI, identifying CSF and cognitive measures at baseline predictive of dementia progression within 2 years. Subset differences in biomarkers, cognitive assessment, and MRI imaging were observed, with CSF t-tau levels and cognitive scores serving as potential risk factors for dementia progression in A+T+MCI individuals.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hyung-Ji Kim, E-nae Cheong, Sungyang Jo, Sunju Lee, Woo-Hyun Shim, Miseon Kwon, Jae Seung Kim, Bum Joon Kim, Jae-Hong Lee
Summary: During a 36-month follow-up study, 39 out of 107 (36.4%) patients with amyloid-negative amnestic MCI converted to dementia. The converter group showed more severe impairments in all visual memory tasks and had reduced crus I/II volume in the cerebellum. Significant cerebellar GM atrophy involving the bilateral crus I/II may be a novel imaging biomarker for predicting dementia progression in amyloid-negative amnestic MCI patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Michael K. Yeung, Anson Kwok-yun Chau, Jason Yin-chuen Chiu, Jay Tsz-lok Shek, Jody Po-yi Leung, Toby Chun-ho Wong
Summary: The study found significant differences in neuroimaging abnormalities between amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI), with aMCI showing more and more significant abnormalities, while naMCI showing more limited abnormalities, with shared features but unique neuroimaging abnormalities in aMCI.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Amish Gaur, Luc Rivet, Ethan Mah, Kritleen K. Bawa, Damien Gallagher, Nathan Herrmann, Krista L. Lanctot
Summary: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an early stage of dementia (such as Alzheimer's disease) that is accompanied by neurodegenerative signs. This study evaluated potential fluid biomarkers in MCI and found that elevated levels of NfL and GFAP can be detected in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood. Monitoring these biomarkers may provide important insights into the underlying neurodegenerative processes in MCI.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Celine De Looze, Amir Dehsarvi, Lisa Crosby, Aisling Vourdanou, Robert F. Coen, Brian A. Lawlor, Richard B. Reilly
Summary: Speech timing features can reflect cognitive function and are associated with changes in brain volume in MCI and AD patients. By studying these speech characteristics, we can detect cognitive deficits and structural changes associated with MCI and AD earlier.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Fernando Arturo Arriagada Masse, Juliana Hotta Ansai, Renata Carolina Gerassi, Carolina Tsen, Natalia Oiring de Castro Cezar, Larissa Pires de Andrade
Summary: This study investigated the differences in gait speed performance over six months among older adults with Preserved Cognition (PrC), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the mild stage. It also examined whether changes in gait speed could discriminate fallers among older adults with MCI and AD. The results showed that older adults with MCI and AD had slower gait speed compared to those with PrC. However, changes in gait speed did not distinguish fallers among older adults with MCI or AD.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Maryam Farhang, Claudia Miranda-Castillo, Maria Isabel Behrens, Eduardo Castillo, Sandra Mosquera Amar, Graciela Rojas
Summary: The study found that older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were mainly psychologically and socially affected by social distancing and isolation during the COVID-19 outbreak, especially those who were alone. They experienced negative emotions such as anger, fear of contracting the virus or passing it to their families, worries, sadness, and emotional loneliness. It is notable that the majority of participants used various coping strategies during this challenging time.
AGING & MENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Daniela Martinez, Rodrigo Diaz, Jorge Rufs, Christian Fajardo, Cristian Valverde, Felipe Salech
Article
Neurosciences
Rolando Castillo-Passi, Rodrigo C. Vergara, Nicole K. Rogers, Daniela P. Ponce, Magdalena Bennett, Maria Isabel Behrens
Summary: This study characterizes the trajectories of memory loss in individuals with early amnestic cognitive impairment with and without a history of previous cancer. It identifies two subgroups, fast progressors and slow progressors, and suggests that a history of cancer can slow down the decline in memory specifically in a subgroup of subjects with depression at baseline and accelerated deterioration at follow-up.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
P. Correa-Burrows, R. Burrows, C. Albala, F. A. Court, F. Salech, G. Sanhueza, C. Gonzalez-Billault
Summary: Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of capacities linked to fundamental alterations/damage in multiple cellular and molecular pathways, and obesity has been suggested to accelerate the onset of metabolic imbalances and impact cellular and molecular processes in a manner similar to aging. The study in Chile will investigate how exposure to obesity in critical developmental stages disrupts homeostatic resilience mechanisms and whether early psychosocial adversity influences vulnerability to obesity as a risk factor for accelerated aging. This research may lead to interventions to improve health span in the Chilean population by addressing the contribution of obesity to aging through lifespan from cells to systems.
Review
Psychiatry
Bravo Maximiliano, Bustos Sebastian, Acuna Estefania, Cisternas Irma, Pedro Gutierrez, Ponce de la Vega Daniela P, Castro Roberta, Tobar Eduardo, Maldonado Jose, Salech Felipe
Summary: This study aimed to conduct a systematic analysis of the published data on the epidemiology of delirium in hospitalized patients in Latin America. The study found that delirium occurs frequently in different clinical scenarios, and the occurrence rate varies. The Confusion Assessment Method is the most commonly used delirium assessment tool. However, the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent delirium is not universal.
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mario A. Parra, Paulina Orellana, Tomas Leon, Cabello G. Victoria, Fernando Henriquez, Rodrigo Gomez, Constanza Avalos, Andres Damian, Andrea Slachevsky, Agustin Ibanez, Henrik Zetterberg, Betty M. Tijms, Jennifer S. Yokoyama, Stefanie D. Pina-Escudero, J. Nicholas Cochran, Diana L. Matallana, Daisy Acosta, Ricardo Allegri, Bianca P. Arias-Suarez, Bernardo Barra, Maria Isabel Behrens, SoniaM. D. Brucki, Geraldo Busatto, Paulo Caramelli, Sheila Castro-Suarez, Valeria Contreras, Nilton Custodio, Sergio Dansilio, Myriam De la Cruz-Puebla, Leonardo Cruz de Souza, Monica M. Diaz, Lissette Duque, Gonzalo A. Farias, Sergio T. Ferreira, Nahuel Magrath Guimet, Ana Kmaid, David Lira, Francisco Lopera, Beatriz Mar Meza, Eliane C. Miotto, Ricardo Nitrini, Alberto Nunez, Santiago O'Neill, John Ochoa, Maritza Pintado-Caipa, Elisa de Paula Franca Resende, Shannon Risacher, Luz Angela Rojas, Valentina Sabaj, Lucas Schilling, Allis F. Sellek, Ana Sosa, Leonel T. Takada, Antonio L. Teixeira, Martha Unaucho-Pilalumbo, Claudia Duran-Aniotz
Summary: Limited knowledge and funding, as well as inadequate infrastructure, present significant barriers to dementia biomarker research in Latin American and Caribbean countries. However, the region shows great potential for advancements in this field.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Felipe Salech, Carol D. SanMartin, Jorge Concha-Cerda, Esteban Romero-Hernandez, Daniela P. Ponce, Gianella Liabeuf, Nicole K. Rogers, Paola Murgas, Barbara Bruna, Jamileth More, Maria I. Behrens
Summary: Recent studies have shown that cellular senescence is involved in the development of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). By measuring senescence markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of AD patients, this study found that several markers of cellular senescence can be measured in PBMCs of both aMCI and AD patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Evelyn A. Alvarez, Veronica A. Rojas, Lorena I. Caipo, Melany M. Galaz, Daniela P. Ponce, Rodrigo G. Gutierrez, Felipe Salech, Eduardo Tobar, Fernando I. Reyes, Rodrigo C. Vergara, Jose I. Egana, Constanza A. Briceno, Antonello Penna
Summary: Patients who develop postoperative delirium (POD) have several clinical complications, such as increased morbidity, increased hospital stays, higher hospital costs, cognitive and functional impairment, and higher mortality. A prospective clinical study was conducted to determine whether patients undergoing intervention by an Occupational Therapy (OT) team have a lower incidence of POD compared to the group treated only with standard measures.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jorge J. Llibre-Guerra, Anika Heavener, Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki, Juan Pablo Diaz Marante, Maritza Pintado-Caipa, Yaohua Chen, Maria Isabel Behrens, Angela Hardi, Arianna Admirall-Sanchez, Rufus Akinyemi, Suvarna Alladi, Karen A. Dorsman, Ana M. Rodriguez-Salgado, Joel Solorzano, Ganesh M. Babulal
Summary: The burden of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) is projected to be disproportionally higher in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is a lack of representation of LMICs in ADRD clinical trial platforms. This study found that only 11.6% of ADRD clinical trials were conducted in emerging economies (upper-middle income [9.6%] and low-middle income [2.0%]). The limitations for trial implementation in LMICs include limited financial resources, low industry presence, regulatory obstacles, and operational barriers.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ivan Plaza-Rosales, Enzo Brunetti, Rodrigo Montefusco-Siegmund, Samuel Madariaga, Rodrigo Hafelin, Daniela P. Ponce, Maria Isabel Behrens, Pedro E. Maldonado, Andrea Paula-Lima
Summary: This study evaluated the manifestations and mechanisms of visual-spatial deficits in early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using behavioral, electroencephalography (EEG), and eye movement recordings. The results showed impaired spatial learning and altered visual exploration in AD patients, suggesting early and specific features for understanding functional connectivity loss. These findings are clinically promising for early diagnosis and improving quality of life of AD patients.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carol D. SanMartin, Felipe Salech, Daniela Paz Ponce, Jorge Concha-Cerda, Esteban Romero-Hernandez, Gianella Liabeuf, Nicole K. Rogers, Paola Murgas, Barbara Bruna, Jamileth More, Maria I. Behrens
Summary: Epidemiological studies find that having a history of cancer or Alzheimer's Disease (AD) can protect against the development of the other. The underlying mechanism for this mutual protection is unknown. However, research suggests that PBMCs of individuals with aMCI and AD have increased susceptibility to oxidative cell death, while a history of cancer is associated with increased resistance to cell death caused by oxidative stress.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Marcelo Adrian Maito, Hernando Santamaria-Garcia, Sebastian Moguilner, Katherine L. Possin, Maria E. Godoy, Jose Alberto Avila-Funes, Maria Behrens, Ignacio L. Brusco, Martin A. Bruno, Juan F. Cardona, Nilton Custodio, Adolfo M. Garcia, Shireen Javandel, Francisco Lopera, Diana L. Matallana, Bruce Miller, Maira Okada de Oliveira, Stefanie D. Pina-Escudero, Andrea Slachevsky, Ana L. Sosa Ortiz, Leonel T. Takada, Enzo Tagliazuchi, Victor Valcour, Jennifer S. Yokoyama, Agustin Ibanez
Summary: This study aimed to discriminate between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) using demographic, clinical, and cognitive data. Results showed that a machine learning model achieved accurate classification of patients, indicating that data-driven techniques can enhance diagnostic procedures in resource-limited regions. The study also highlighted the potential of specific cognitive and behavioral measures for the diagnosis of AD and FTD in Latin American countries.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-AMERICAS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mario A. Parra, Paulina Orellana, Tomas Leon, Cabello G. Victoria, Fernando Henriquez, Rodrigo Gomez, Constanza Avalos, Andres Damian, Andrea Slachevsky, Agustin Ibanez, Henrik Zetterberg, Betty M. Tijms, Jennifer S. Yokoyama, Stefanie D. Pina-Escudero, J. Nicholas Cochran, Diana L. Matallana, Daisy Acosta, Ricardo Allegri, Bianca P. Arias-Suarez, Bernardo Barra, Maria Isabel Behrens, SoniaM. D. Brucki, Geraldo Busatto, Paulo Caramelli, Sheila Castro-Suarez, Valeria Contreras, Nilton Custodio, Sergio Dansilio, Myriam De la Cruz-Puebla, Leonardo Cruz de Souza, Monica M. Diaz, Lissette Duque, Gonzalo A. Farias, Sergio T. Ferreira, Nahuel Magrath Guimet, Ana Kmaid, David Lira, Francisco Lopera, Beatriz Mar Meza, Eliane C. Miotto, Ricardo Nitrini, Alberto Nunez, Santiago O'Neill, John Ochoa, Maritza Pintado-Caipa, Elisa de Paula Franca Resende, Shannon Risacher, Luz Angela Rojas, Valentina Sabaj, Lucas Schilling, Allis F. Sellek, Ana Sosa, Leonel T. Takada, Antonio L. Teixeira, Martha Unaucho-Pilalumbo, Claudia Duran-Aniotz
Summary: Limited knowledge on dementia biomarkers in Latin American and Caribbean countries due to lack of funding, infrastructure, and training. However, the region holds great potential to advance dementia biomarkers research and it is crucial to expand research in this field.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hong Lin, Felipe Salech, Anthony Lim, Sara Vogrin, Gustavo Duque
Summary: This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of rapalogues in age-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSKD) in humans. While some studies have assessed the effects of rapamycin and rapalogues on bone, muscle, and joints, there is considerable variability in subjects' age, inclusion criteria, and drug administration protocols. The evidence supporting their use is still limited, and further research is needed to explore the clinical implications on osteoporosis, sarcopenia, or osteosarcopenia.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)