Article
Immunology
Jen-Chieh Lee, Yuan -Pin Hung, Bo -Yang Tsai, Pei -Jane Tsai, Wen -Chien Ko
Summary: Severe CDIs in the ICU were not rare in this study. The ileus group tended to have more severe presentation, with severe and fulminant CDIs accounting for 65.2% and an ICU mortality rate of 39.1%. Clinicians should be aware of abdominal symptoms and signs other than diarrhea, such as ileus, for timely diagnosis and management of CDI.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Lisa Abernathy-Close, Madeline R. Barron, James M. George, Michael G. Dieterle, Kimberly C. Vendrov, Ingrid L. Bergin, Vincent B. Young
Summary: Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection poses significant risks to patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The development of IBD alters the gut microbiome and decreases colonization resistance to C. difficile, making animals susceptible to C. difficile colonization and infection. Inflammation induced by IBD plays a critical role in overcoming colonization resistance and promoting C. difficile colonization in the host.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jakob L. Sprague, Lydia Kasper, Bernhard Hube
Summary: This review focuses on the mechanisms of fungal translocation of Candida albicans from the intestine into the bloodstream that leads to systemic infections. It compares the differences between enteric bacterial pathogens and C. albicans, while discussing various hypotheses for how C. albicans enters and disseminates through the bloodstream following translocation.
Article
Immunology
Aaron C. Miller, Alan T. Arakkal, Daniel K. Sewell, Alberto M. Segre, Sriram Pemmaraju, Philip M. Polgreen
Summary: This study evaluated whether hospitalized patients without diagnosed Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) increased the risk for CDI among their family members after discharge. The study found that CDI incidence among insurance enrollees exposed to a recently hospitalized family member was 73% greater than enrollees not exposed. Additionally, there was a dose-response relationship between total days of within-household hospitalization and CDI incidence rate ratio.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Paul Feuerstadt, Winnie W. Nelson, Edward M. Drozd, Jill Dreyfus, David N. Dahdal, Anny C. Wong, Iman Mohammadi, Christie Teigland, Alpesh Amin
Summary: This study analyzed the mortality, cost, and healthcare resource utilization for Medicare beneficiaries aged >= 65 years with a primary Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) or recurrent CDI. The results showed that recurrent CDI had almost 10 times higher CDI-associated mortality rate compared to primary CDI. Decedents had higher hospitalization rates, longer length of stay, and higher total costs compared to survivors. This highlights the importance of prevention, identification, and appropriate treatment of CDI in older adults to reduce mortality and economic burden.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Enrico Bentivegna, Giuliano Alessio, Valerio Spuntarelli, Michelangelo Luciani, Iolanda Santino, Maurizio Simmaco, Paolo Martelletti
Summary: The study found a significant decrease in healthcare-associated C. difficile infection incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting that measures to prevent microorganism transmission can effectively reduce such infections and related costs.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Xianshu Luo, Qing Kong, Yuming Wang, Xuefeng Duan, Peng Wang, Chenman Li, Yuchen Huan
Summary: Clostridium butyricum mainly colonizes in the colon of rats and can persist in the gut for up to six days. Administration of exogenous C. butyricum significantly enhances gut microbial diversity and promotes the growth of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacterial genera.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sa'ed H. Zyoud
Summary: This study provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive data on the trends in publications related to C.difficile infection. The number of published papers on this topic has significantly increased in the past decade. The United States is one of the countries with the highest publication rate. The study identifies three clusters of research areas, including illness spectrum and severity, laboratory diagnosis and characterization, and risk factors for C.difficile infection.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Alexandra Proctor, Nancy A. Cornick, Chong Wang, Shankumar Mooyottu, Paulo A. Arruda, Kayce Kobs, Gregory J. Phillips
Summary: The study found that piglets develop natural resistance to Clostridioides difficile as they age, with older piglets over 1 week old showing decreased clinical signs of disease. The diversity and complexity of the intestinal microbiota were identified as factors contributing to this resistance, highlighting the potential for new strategies for prevention and treatment of C. difficile infection.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiaojiao Xie, Mingfei Yao, Yanmeng Lu, Mengjia Yu, Shengyi Han, David J. McClements, Hang Xiao, Lanjuan Li
Summary: The study demonstrated that encapsulating Li05 within gastro-responsive microgels can enhance its efficacy in preventing and treating CDI by improving viability, release, and gut microbial diversity.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jeremy Grossman, Jun Fan, Felicia Allard, Jane Moon, Luis A. Marcos
Summary: This article reports a fatal case of S. stercoralis hyperinfection in an immigrant from rural Ecuador and emphasizes the importance of screening for this parasite in the appropriate clinical scenarios. Various diagnostic methods are introduced to make the diagnosis of S. stercoralis more accessible to practitioners.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Malin Inghammar, Henrik Svanstrom, Marianne Voldstedlund, Mads Melbye, Anders Hviid, Kare Molbak, Bjorn Pasternak
Summary: In a nationwide study among adults in Denmark, it was found that the use of PPIs is associated with a moderately increased risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection. The elevated risk remained up to 1 year after the end of PPI treatment.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arianna Miles-Jay, Evan S. Snitkin, Michael Y. Lin, Teppei Shimasaki, Michael Schoeny, Christine Fukuda, Thelma Dangana, Nicholas Moore, Sarah E. Sansom, Rachel D. Yelin, Pamela Bell, Krishna Rao, Micah Keidan, Alexandra Standke, Christine Bassis, Mary K. Hayden, Vincent B. Young
Summary: Despite enhanced infection prevention efforts, Clostridioides difficile remains the leading cause of healthcare-associated infections in the United States. Understanding the contribution of asymptomatic carriers to C. difficile spread is crucial. Current prevention strategies can prevent cross-transmission, but interventions targeting the transition from asymptomatic carriage to infection are needed to further decrease C. difficile infections.
Correction
Medicine, General & Internal
Mainul Haque
Summary: Hospital-acquired infections are common and pose significant risks to patients' health in inpatient settings. A 1-day point-prevalence survey conducted by CDC investigators revealed the burden and types of healthcare-associated infections in 183 hospitals across 10 geographically diverse states.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Helen S. Lee, Kamryn Plechot, Shruti Gohil, Jennifer Le
Summary: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a significant healthcare-associated infection with varying diagnostic methods. Overdiagnosis from highly sensitive tests may lead to unnecessary treatment and adverse outcomes. It is important to optimize the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory tests to differentiate clinical CDI from colonization.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ilse M. Boekhoud, Igor Sidorov, Sam Nooij, Celine Harmanus, Ingrid M. J. G. Bos-Sanders, Virginie Viprey, William Spittal, Emma Clark, Kerrie Davies, Jane Freeman, Ed J. Kuijper, Wiep Klaas Smits
Summary: The study found that nearly all isolates of C. difficile from infected patients displayed a haem-dependent increase in metronidazole resistance. Additionally, a key SNP in the haem-responsive gene was identified. These results demonstrate the crucial role of haem in mediating resistance to metronidazole in C. difficile.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Sarah Myers, Thuy Do, Josephine L. Meade, Aradhna Tugnait, Jon J. Vernon, Jelena Pistolic, Robert E. W. Hancock, Philip D. Marsh, Harsh M. Trivedi, Dandan Chen, Deirdre A. Devine
Summary: The study discovered that many streptococci found in the oral cavity have immunosuppressive abilities, inhibiting CXCL8 secretion in epithelial cells by suppressing NF kappa B activation. This phenomenon may play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of oral host-microbe interactions.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Quinten R. Ducarmon, Elisabeth M. Terveer, Sam Nooij, Michelle N. Bloem, Karuna E. W. Vendrik, Monique A. A. Caljouw, Ingrid M. J. G. Sanders, Sofie M. van Dorp, Man C. Wong, Romy D. Zwittink, Ed J. Kuijper
Summary: Nursing home residents have higher rates of MDRO colonisation, with antibiotic use and hospital admittance being risk factors. The gut microbiota may play a role in resistance against MDROs.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jacek Czepiel, Marcela Krutova, Assaf Mizrahi, Nagham Khanafer, David A. Enoch, Marta Patyi, Aleksander Deptula, Antonella Agodi, Xavier Nuvials, Hanna Pituch, Malgorzata Wojcik-Bugajska, Iwona Filipczak-Bryniarska, Bartosz Brzozowski, Marcin Krzanowski, Katarzyna Konturek, Marcin Fedewicz, Mateusz Michalak, Lorra Monpierre, Philippe Vanhems, Theodore Gouliouris, Artur Jurczyszyn, Sarah Goldman-Mazur, Dorota Wultanska, Ed J. Kuijper, Jan Skupien, Grazyna Biesiada, Aleksander Garlicki
Summary: This study aimed to describe the clinical presentation, treatment, outcome, and factors associated with mortality in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) over a 90-day period. Older age, inadequate CDI therapy, cachexia, malignancy, Charlson Index, long-term care, elevated white blood cell count (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), bacteraemia, complications, and cognitive impairment were independently related with death during CDI. Additionally, factors such as older age, higher levels of WBC, neutrophil, CRP or creatinine, the presence of malignancy, cognitive impairment, and complications were strongly correlated with a shorter time from CDI diagnosis to death.
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Heiman F. L. Wertheim, Vu Thi Lan Huong, Ed J. Kuijper
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manu P. Bilsen, Merel M. C. Lambregts, Joffrey van Prehn, Ed J. Kuijper
Summary: Recent studies have shown some effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for decolonization of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO), but questions remain regarding its true efficacy, optimal route of administration, role of antibiotics pre and post-FMT, and efficacy in different patient populations. Further research is needed to explore the observed decrease in MDRO infections post-FMT.
CURRENT OPINION IN GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Cornelis Adrianus De Pijper, Jenny Lea Schnyder, Cornelis Stijnis, Abraham Goorhuis, Martin Peter Grobusch
Summary: Severe thrombocytopenia is a rare but life-threatening complication of ZVI, with immune-induced thrombocytopenia as the main pathophysiological mechanism. Further research is needed to determine the optimal treatment strategy for this complication due to a lack of cases.
TRAVEL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Virginie F. Viprey, Georgina L. Davis, Anthony D. Benson, Duncan Ewin, William Spittal, Jon J. Vernon, Maja Rupnik, Alice Banz, Florence Allantaz, Philippe Cleuziat, Mark H. Wilcox, Kerrie A. Davies
Summary: This study compared data on CDI patients in hospitals and communities across 12 European countries. The study found a higher CDI positivity rate in hospitals and a larger number of undiagnosed adults in the community, highlighting the need for improved diagnosis of diarrhea patients in the community.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Daan W. Notermans, Annelot F. Schoffelen, Fabian Landman, Cornelia C. H. Wielders, Sandra Witteveen, Varisha A. Ganesh, Marga Van Santen-Verheuvel, Sabine C. de Greeff, Ed J. Kuijper, Antoni P. A. Hendrickx
Summary: Urine-associated Escherichia coli ST38 producing OXA-244 harboring putative uropathogenicity factors emerged in the Netherlands.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
J. J. Vernon, P. E. Lancaster, E. V. Black, D. A. Devine, L. Fletcher, D. J. Wood, B. R. Nattress
Summary: This study assessed the impact of increased speed of high-speed contra-angle handpieces on the aerosolization of SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus and the thermal impact on dental pulp. The results showed that high-speed contra-angle handpieces did not increase the dispersal of bioaerosols in dental surgery. However, the thermal risk varied depending on the design of the handpiece and the remaining dentine thickness.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ishani Wickramage, Zhong Peng, Soumyadeep Chakraborty, Celine Harmanus, Ed J. Kuijper, Sally Alrabaa, Wiep Klaas Smits, Xingmin Sun
Summary: Clostridioides difficile has a complex relationship with antibiotics, as they can both increase the risk of infection and be the primary treatment for C. difficile infection (CDI). This study identified two clinical isolates of C. difficile with elevated resistance to vancomycin and rifaximin, as well as mutations related to resistance. The findings highlight the importance of surveillance in understanding antibiotic resistance and developing effective treatment strategies.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ricardo Costeira, Joseph Aduse-Opoku, Jon J. Vernon, Francisco Rodriguez-Algarra, Susan Joseph, Deirdre A. Devine, Philip D. Marsh, Vardhman Rakyan, Michael A. Curtis, Jordana T. Bell
Summary: Bacterial DNA methylation plays an important role in gene regulation, and Porphyromonas gingivalis, an oral pathogen, exhibits gene expression changes in response to hemin availability. In this study, we analyzed the epigenome of P. gingivalis and studied the variation in epigenetics and transcriptome under different hemin conditions. We found changes in gene expression, DNA methylation, and gene regulation processes that affect the virulence of P. gingivalis in periodontal disease.
Article
Microbiology
P. M. C. Klein Klouwenberg, W. van der Kuil, A. J. van Griethuysen, M. Hendriks, E. J. Kuijper, D. W. Notermans, A. F. Schoffelen, ISIS AR Study Grp
Summary: Using data from the Dutch national surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance, this study found discrepancies in minimum inhibitory concentrations of aminoglycosides measured by the automated testing systems VITEK2 and Phoenix. The Phoenix system showed higher MICs and an annual increase in resistance for certain species. These findings have implications for the clinical treatment of sepsis patients.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Karuna E. W. Vendrik, Amoe Baktash, Jelle J. Goeman, Celine Harmanus, Daan W. Notermans, Sabine C. de Greeff, Ed J. Kuijper
Summary: This study found a higher proportion of severe CDI cases during the second wave of COVID-19, which was partially caused by delayed diagnostics possibly due to decreased patient visits or restricted hospital referral.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Simon Mark Dahl Baunwall, Elisabeth M. Terveer, Jens Frederik Dahlerup, Christian Erikstrup, Perttu Arkkila, Maria J. G. T. Vehreschild, Gianluca Ianiro, Antonio Gasbarrini, Harry Sokol, Patrizia K. Kump, Reetta Satokari, Danny De Looze, Severine Vermeire, Radislav Nakov, Jan Brezina, Morten Helms, Jens Kjeldsen, Anne A. Rode, Sabrina Just Kousgaard, Laurent Alric, Caroline Trang-Poisson, Julien Scanzi, Alexander Link, Andreas Stallmach, Juozas Kupcinskas, Peter Holger Johnsen, Kjetil Garborg, Eugenia Sanchez Rodriguez, Lena Serrander, Robert J. Brummer, Katerina Tatiana Galperine, Simon D. Goldenberg, Benjamin H. Mullish, Horace Rt Williams, Tariq H. Iqbal, Cyriel Ponsioen, Ed J. Kuijper, Giovanni Cammarota, Josbert J. Keller, Christian Lodberg Hvas
Summary: The study investigated the clinical use and organization of FMT in Europe in 2019 and found that it is a common treatment for multiple, recurrent CDI and experimental indications. Participating centers demonstrated high safety standards and most were regulated by health authorities. However, there is a significant gap in FMT coverage, indicating the need for increased clinical awareness and activity in Europe.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2021)