Article
Clinical Neurology
Ris E. Jansen, Sven J. van der Lee, Duber Gomez-Fonseca, Itziar de Rojas, Maria Carolina Dalmasso, Benjamin Grenier-Boley, Anna Zettergren, Aniket Mishra, Muhammad Ali, Victor Andrade, Celine Bellenguez, Luca Kleineidam, Fahri Kucukali, Yun Ju Sung, Niccolo Tesi, Ellen M. Vromen, Douglas P. Wightman, Daniel Alcolea, Montserrat Alegret, Ignacio Alvarez, Philippe Amouyel, Lavinia Athanasiu, Shahram Bahrami, Henri Bailly, Olivia Belbin, Sverre Bergh, Lars Bertram, Geert Jan Biessels, Kaj Blennow, Rafael Blesa, Merce Boada, Anne Boland, Katharina Buerger, Angel Carracedo, Laura Cervera-Carles, Genevieve Chene, Jurgen A. H. R. Claassen, Stephanie Debette, Jean-Francois Deleuze, Peter Paul de Deyn, Janine Diehl-Schmid, Srdjan Djurovic, Oriol Dols-Icardo, Carole Dufouil, Emmanuelle Duron, Emrah Duezel, Tormod Fladby, Juan Fortea, Lutz Froelich, Pablo Garcia-Gonzalez, Maria Garcia-Martinez, Ina Giegling, Oliver Goldhardt, Johan Gobom, Timo Grimmer, Annakaisa Haapasalo, Harald Hampel, Olivier Hanon, Lucrezia Hausner, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Seppo Helisalmi, Michael T. Heneka, Isabel Hernandez, Sanna-Kaisa Herukka, Henne Holstege, Jonas Jarholm, Silke Kern, Anne-Brita Knapskog, Anne M. Koivisto, Johannes Kornhuber, Teemu Kuulasmaa, Carmen Lage, Christoph Laske, Ville Leinonen, Piotr Lewczuk, Alberto Lleo, Adolfo Lopez de Munain, Sara Lopez-Garcia, Wolfgang Maier, Marta Marquie, Merel O. Mol, Laura Montrreal, Fermin Moreno, Sonia Moreno-Grau, Gael Nicolas, Markus M. Nothen, Adelina Orellana, Lene Palhaugen, Janne M. Papma, Florence Pasquier, Robert Perneczky, Oliver Peters, Yolande A. L. Pijnenburg, Julius Popp, Danielle Posthuma, Ana Pozueta, Josef Priller, Raquel Puerta, Ines Quintela, Inez Ramakers, Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Dan Rujescu, Ingvild Saltvedt, Pascual Sanchez-Juan, Philip Scheltens, Norbert Scherbaum, Matthias Schmid, Anja Schneider, Geir Selbaek, Per Selnes, Alexey Shadrin, Ingmar Skoog, Hilkka Soininen, Lluis Tarraga, Stefan Teipel, Betty Tijms, Magda Tsolaki, Christine Van Broeckhoven, Jasper Van Dongen, John C. van Swieten, Rik Vandenberghe, Jean-Sebastien Vidal, Pieter J. Visser, Jonathan Vogelgsang, Margda Waern, Michael Wagner, Jens Wiltfang, Mandy M. J. Wittens, Henrik Zetterberg, Miren Zulaica, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Maria Bjerke, Sebastiaan Engelborghs, Frank Jessen, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Pau Pastor, Mikko Hiltunen, Martin Ingelsson, Ole A. Andreassen, Jordi Clarimon, Kristel Sleegers, Agustin Ruiz, Alfredo Ramirez, Carlos Cruchaga, Jean-Charles Lambert, Wiesje van der Flier
Summary: This study found that levels of A beta 42 and pTau in cerebrospinal fluid are more direct indicators of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease than clinical diagnosis. Through a collaborative effort, novel associations with AD risk loci and multiple biological pathways related to A beta 42 and pTau were identified.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Emelie Andersson, Nina Schultz, Takashi Saito, Takaomi C. Saido, Kaj Blennow, Gunnar K. Gouras, Henrik Zetterberg, Oskar Hansson
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between A beta 42/A beta 40 ratios and cerebral A beta pathology using App knock-in mouse models. The results showed a negative association between A beta 42/A beta 40 ratios and cerebral A beta plaque burden in App(NL-F/NL-F) mice, with stronger correlations observed in CSF compared to serum. Additionally, the decline in A beta 42/A beta 40 ratios in CSF and serum occurred after the deposition of A beta aggregates in the brain reached significance. However, no similar changes were observed in App(NL/NL) mice.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas Gabriel Schreiner, Manuel Menendez-Gonzalez, Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a global health problem with no effective treatment currently available. A new approach based on amyloid-beta dynamics, known as the cerebrospinal-fluid-sink therapeutic strategy, offers promising solutions with significant therapeutic impact.
Review
Neurosciences
Chang Xu, Li Zhao, Chunbo Dong
Summary: The number of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-AD has increased significantly in recent decades. The amyloid cascade hypothesis highlights the role of amyloid-beta protein in the development of AD. CSF A beta(42/40) has been extensively studied and integrated into diagnostic tools for AD, while blood-based A beta(42/40) has also been found to have abnormal levels in sync with CSF biomarker values.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Anja Hviid Simonsen, Christian Sandoe Musaeus, Gitte Lund Christensen, Steen Gregers Hasselbalch, Gunhild Waldemar
Summary: The study found a significant increase in A beta(1-42) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid over a period of twelve years, independent of changes in tau. Thus, awareness of this upward trend is crucial during diagnosis and selection of historical samples for research purposes.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Feifei Ge, Lin Dong, Donglin Zhu, Xingjian Lin, Jingping Shi, Ming Xiao
Summary: Thyroid dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study found that even in euthyroid subjects, low levels of serum FT3 and TT3 are differentially associated with AD-specific CSF changes. Serum FT3 is a strong candidate for the differential diagnosis between AD continuum and non-AD dementia, benefiting the early diagnosis and effective management of AD patients.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefanos N. Sampatakakis, Eirini Mamalaki, Eva Ntanasi, Faidra Kalligerou, Ioannis Liampas, Mary Yannakoulia, Antonios N. Gargalionis, Nikolaos Scarmeas
Summary: Cognitive and physical decline in aging individuals seem to be associated. This study investigated the relationship between physical function parameters and CSF biomarkers in individuals in the AD continuum. The findings suggest an inverse association between walking time and CSF A beta 42, particularly in individuals with MCI and those older than 60 years old.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yuetiva Deming, Eva Vasiljevic, Autumn Morrow, Jiacheng Miao, Carol Van Hulle, Erin Jonaitis, Yue Ma, Vanessa Whitenack, Gwendlyn Kollmorgen, Norbert Wild, Ivonne Suridjan, Leslie M. Shaw, Sanjay Asthana, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Sterling C. Johnson, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Barbara B. Bendlin, Qiongshi Lu, Corinne D. Engelman
Summary: APOE epsilon 4-carrier status and epsilon 4 allele count are not sufficient to fully account for the effects of APOE on Alzheimer's disease. A weighted risk score (APOE-npscore) was developed to better explain the genetic effect on neuropathology and provide an improved method for analyzing APOE in relation to AD. This approach outperformed the traditional APOE epsilon 4-carrier status and epsilon 4 allele count in predicting CSF biomarker changes.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Arezoo Mirzaie, Hassan Nasrollahpour, Balal Khalilzadeh, Ali Akbar Jamali, Raymond J. Spiteri, Hadi Youse, Ibrahim Isildak, Reza Rahbarghazi
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive deterioration, loss of neurons, and cognitive decline. Amyloid beta and Tau proteins are key biomarkers of the disease, and their abnormal levels in biofluids, particularly cerebrospinal fluid, are directly linked to the incidence and progression of Alzheimer's. Developing sensitive and reliable methods for screening and evaluating these biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid can aid in early diagnosis and treatment. This article discusses the impact of Alzheimer's on cerebrospinal fluid and provides an overview of the latest biosensors for detecting amyloid beta and Tau in cerebrospinal fluid samples.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Kyu Hwan Shim, Min Ju Kang, Young Chul Youn, Seong Soo A. An, SangYun Kim
Summary: The study reviews and summarizes the physiological and pathophysiological functions, structures, and genetics of alpha-syn in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Numerous associations of alpha-syn with A beta and tau suggest its significance as a partner in the pathological roles of AD. Understanding the involvement of alpha-syn in the pathology of A beta and tau could help address unresolved issues of AD. Specifically, the current status of CSF alpha-syn in AD recommends it as an additional biomarker in AD diagnosis.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Guido Domingo, Luisa Benussi, Claudia Saraceno, Michela Bertuzzi, Roland Nicsanu, Antonio Longobardi, Sonia Bellini, Alfredo Cagnotto, Mario Salmona, Giuliano Binetti, Roberta Ghidoni
Summary: A newly developed antibody-free method was used to identify and quantify Aβ isoforms in human CSF, revealing the presence of novel Aβ species. Among these, five Aβ isoforms found in CSF of elderly individuals may serve as potential markers for Alzheimer's disease progression.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Shensuo Li, Changhao Lu, Zhenzhen Zhao, Dong Lu, Guangyong Zheng
Summary: This study identified a gene module named AIM that is highly associated with Ab accumulation and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. This module is closely related to neuron degeneration and inflammatory microglia, and can serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD and guide the search for AD drugs.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Cristina M. Pedrero-Prieto, Javier Frontinan-Rubio, Francisco J. Alcain, Mario Duran-Prado, Juan R. Peinado, Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz
Summary: CSF is considered the best target for biomarker discovery in neurodegenerative diseases due to its deep irrigation of the brain and ease of sample extraction. Discoveries of new proteins in CSF have identified important biomarkers related to AD, and deeper analysis of data from multiple proteomic studies may reveal disrupted components or metabolic pathways in AD.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Steffen Halbgebauer, Patrick Oeckl, Petra Steinacker, Deniz Yilmazer-Hanke, Sarah Anderl-Straub, Christine von Arnim, Lutz Froelich, Luis Aragao Gomes, Lucrezia Hausner, Andre Huss, Holger Jahn, Jochen Weishaupt, Albert C. Ludolph, Dietmar R. Thal, Markus Otto
Summary: A novel ELISA was established to evaluate beta-synuclein as a potential marker for Alzheimer's disease. The study found increased levels of beta-synuclein in the CSF of some patients, supporting its potential use as a marker of synaptic degeneration. Furthermore, beta-synuclein was localized in glutamatergic synapses, with its expression reduced in AD patients' brain tissue.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Sohui Park, YoungSoo Kim
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia worldwide, however, the lack of reliable diagnostic biomarkers is a major obstacle. A beta levels in CSF and plasma show promise for early diagnosis of AD patients, but variations in concentrations within and between individuals highlight the need for reevaluation and standardization of detection methods.
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING LETTERS
(2021)