Lithium, sodium and potassium storage behaviors of Pb3Nb4O13 nanowires for rechargeable batteries

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs), sodium ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium ion batteries (PIBs) can be proposed as substitutes to fossil fuels because of the gradual depletion of non-renewable energy. In this work, Pb3Nb4O13 is investigated as a new kind of anode material with the storage ability of lithium, sodium and potassium. Pb3Nb4O13 nanowires are prepared via a feasible electrospinning technique followed with calcinations. Furthermore, it's the first time for Pb3Nb4O13 to be applied as anode materials. At the current density of 50 mA g(-1), Pb3Nb4O13 shows reversible capacities of 264.8, 171.4 and 100.1 rnA h g(-1) in the applications of LIBs, SIBs and PIBs, respectively. In addition, the storage mechanisms of Pb3Nb4O13 in different batteries are also investigated by in situ XRD. The results show that Pb3Nb4O13 nanowires have the reversible conversion reactions between PbO2 and Pb. This work perfectly confirms that Pb3Nb4O13 nanowires might be a potential anode material for LIBs, SIBs and PIBs.